Английская Википедия:1949 Australian federal election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox election The 1949 Australian federal elections was held on Saturday December 10, All 121 seats in the House of Representatives and 42 of the 60 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Labor Party, led by Prime Minister Ben Chifley, was defeated by the opposition Liberal–Country coalition under Robert Menzies in a landslide. Menzies became prime minister for a second time, his first period having ended in 1941. This election marked the end of the 8-year Curtin-Chifley Labor government that had been in power since 1941 and started the 23-year Liberal/Country Coalition government. This was the first time the Liberal party won government at the federal level.

The number of MPs in both houses had been increased at the election, and single transferable vote under a proportional voting system had been introduced in the Senate. Though Labor lost government, Labor retained a Senate majority at the election. However, this ended at the 1951 election. With the Senate changes in place, Labor has not held a Senate majority since.

Future Prime Ministers William McMahon and John Gorton both entered parliament at this election.

Issues

The election hinged on the policies of the Federal Labor government, especially bank nationalisation. Prime Minister Chifley intended to bring all of the banks under Government control, a socialist policy which the Coalition argued was not in the country's interest. The Coalition promised to end unpopular wartime rationing. The election took place against the background of the 1949 Australian coal strike, the developing Cold War and growing fears of communism.

Robert Menzies broke new ground in using the radio as his primary method of reaching voters.[1]

Electoral reform

As of this election, single transferable vote with proportional representation became the method for electing the Senate. This was to try to prevent the Senate from being dominated by one party, which had often occurred previously. For example, coming into this election the ALP held 33 of the 36 Senate seats, whilst the conservatives at the 1919 election held 35 of the 36 Senate seats. In addition, the House of Representatives was enlarged from 74 to 121 seats and the Senate from 36 to 60 members. All 121 lower house seats, and 42 of the 60 upper house seats, were up for election.

Opinion polling

Primary voteШаблон:Efn
Шаблон:Graph:Chart

Results

House of Representatives

Шаблон:Mainarticle

Файл:Australian Federal Election, 1949.svg
Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend Шаблон:Legend
House of Reps (IRV) — 1949–51—Turnout 95.97% (CV) — Informal 1.99%
Файл:1949 Australian House.svg
Party Votes % Swing Seats Change
  Liberal–Country coalition 2,314,143 50.26 +6.61 74 +45
Шаблон:Australian party style |   LiberalШаблон:Pad 1,813,794 39.39 +6.44 55 +37
Шаблон:Australian party style |   CountryШаблон:Pad 500,349 10.87 +0.17 19 +8
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Labor 2,117,088 45.98 –3.73 48Шаблон:Efn +4
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Communist 40,941 0.89 –0.60 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Lang Labor 32,870 0.71 –0.88 0 –1
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Independents 99,368 2.16 +0.34 1Шаблон:Efn –1
  Total 4,604,410     123 +48
Two-party-preferred Шаблон:Nobold
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Liberal–Country coalition Win 51.00 +5.10 74 +45
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Labor 49.00 −5.10 47 +4

Шаблон:Bar box

Шаблон:Bar box

Шаблон:Bar box

Senate

Senate (STV) — 1949–51—Turnout 95.97% (CV) — Informal 10.76%
Файл:1949 Australian Senate.svg
Party Votes % Swing Seats won Seats held Change
  Liberal–Country coalition 2,113,447 50.41 +7.08 23 26 +23
  Liberal–Country joint ticket 1,871,849 44.65 +6.53 16 N/A N/A
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Liberal 241,598 5.76 +0.55 7 21 +19
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Country N/A N/A N/A 0 5 +4
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Labor 1,881,956 44.89 –7.17 19 34 +1
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Communist 87,958 2.10 +2.10 0 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Protestant People's 37,441 0.89 –2.13 0 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Independents / ungrouped 71,723 1.71 +1.03 0 0 0
  Total 4,192,525     42 60 +24

Seats changing hands

Seat Pre-1949 Swing Post-1949
Party Member Margin Margin Member Party
Australian Capital Territory, ACT new division 3.8 Lewis Nott Independent Шаблон:Australian party style
Ballaarat, Vic Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Reg Pollard 3.1 3.1 0.4 Alan Pittard Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Bass, Tas Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Claude Barnard 7.0 6.8 0.6 Bruce Kekwick Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Blaxland, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Lang Labor notional - new seat N/A 53.4 3.4 Jim Harrison Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Bowman, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 1.4 3.8 Malcolm McColm Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Corio, Vic Шаблон:Australian party style Labor John Dedman 7.2 6.7 0.3 Hubert Opperman Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Curtin, WA Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 13.8 11.2 Paul Hasluck Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Darling Downs, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Country Arthur Fadden N/A 1.9 12.5 Reginald Swartz Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Dawson, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 9.8 8.6 Charles Davidson Country Шаблон:Australian party style
Denison, Tas Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Frank Gaha 7.0 10.9 5.1 Athol Townley Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Farrer, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Country notional - new seat N/A 58.8 8.8 David Fairbairn Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Forrest, WA Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Nelson Lemmon 2.3 4.4 2.8 Gordon Freeth Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Gwydir, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Labor William Scully 1.2 9.2 5.1 Thomas Treloar Country Шаблон:Australian party style
Hume, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Arthur Fuller 4.2 5.9 1.0 Charles Anderson Country Шаблон:Australian party style
Indi, Vic Шаблон:Australian party style Country John McEwen N/A 59.7 9.7 William Bostock Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Kingston, SA Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 8.4 1.6 Jim Handby Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Lawson, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 7.6 5.8 Laurie Failes Country Шаблон:Australian party style
Leichhardt, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 9.2 1.7 Tom Gilmore Country Шаблон:Australian party style
Lowe, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 9.0 8.5 William McMahon Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
McMillan, Vic Шаблон:Australian party style Country notional - new seat N/A 6.1 6.9 Geoffrey Brown Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
McPherson, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal notional - new seat N/A 5.1 24.2 Arthur Fadden Country Шаблон:Australian party style
Mitchell, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 12.8 6.9 Roy Wheeler Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Northern Territory, NT Шаблон:Australian party style Independent Adair Blain N/A 8.6 2.7 Jock Nelson Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Paterson, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 8.6 8.5 Allen Fairhall Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Riverina, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Joe Langtry 0.6 3.8 3.5 Hugh Roberton Country Шаблон:Australian party style
Robertson, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Thomas Williams 3.8 11.5 4.2 Roger Dean Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
St George, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 16.2 2.0 Bill Graham Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Sturt, SA Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional - new seat N/A 8.9 2.8 Keith Wilson Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Swan, WA Шаблон:Australian party style Labor notional N/A 10.2 2.4 Bill Grayden Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Wannon, Vic Шаблон:Australian party style Labor Don McLeod 1.2 3.8 0.8 Dan Mackinnon Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Wimmera, Vic Шаблон:Australian party style Country Winton Turnbull N/A 5.6 14.9 William Lawrence Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
  • Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election.

Significance

The Chifley government was defeated, ending the, then, longest period of Labor Federal Government in Australian history up to that date (1941–49). Labor would not return to office until 1972. Robert Menzies became Prime Minister for the second time, and the Liberal Party of Australia won government federally for the first time.

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Australian elections

  1. Ian Ward, "The early use of radio for political communication in Australia and Canada: John Henry Austral, Mr Sage and the Man from Mars," Australian Journal of Politics & History (1999) 45#3 pp 311–30. online