Английская Википедия:1956 in Michigan

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Year in Michigan Events from the year 1956 in Michigan.

The major stories of 1956 in Michigan included: (1) tornado outbreaks that struck western Michigan on April 2 and central and eastern Michigan on May 12; (2) the November 6 elections in which Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower won Michigan's 20 electoral votes while Democrat G. Mennen Williams won re-election to a fifth term as Governor of Michigan; and (3) a slowdown in automobile production after reaching record levels in 1955.

Шаблон:TOC limit

Top stories

The Associated Press[1] and Detroit Free Press[2] each ranked Michigan's top news stories of 1956 as follows:

  • The April 2 western Michigan tornado outbreak that killed 19 persons (AP#1)
  • The November 6 elections in which Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower won Michigan's 20 electoral votes while Democrat G. Mennen Williams defeated Detroit Mayor Albert Cobo for a fifth term as Governor of Michigan (AP#2, DFP#5)
  • The October 4 collapse of office building under construction for Consumers Power in Jackson, Michigan, resulting in the deaths of 10 workers (AP#3)
  • The May 12 tornado outbreak in Flint and metropolitan Detroit that killed six persons and destroyed more than 100 homes (AP#4)
  • The July 16 sale of the Detroit Tigers by the Walter Briggs Sr. estate to a group led by Fred Knorr and including John Fetzer (AP#5; DFP#4)
  • A slowdown in automobile production and rise in unemployment to near-record levels (AP#6)
  • The hunting season in which a 14-year-old hunter survived five days in the cold and an African-American hunter killed a farmer in Newaygo County (AP#7)
  • The disappearance of Anna Thorpe with $80,000 in funds embezzled from the State of Michigan (AP#7)
  • A strike by dairy farmers that turned violent (AP#8)
  • The November 19 death of two Michigan State Police officers in a shootout with a retired postal worker near Flint (AP#9)
  • One-man grand juries established to investigate alleged corruption in Ecorse, Warren, and other communities in metropolitan Detroit. (AP#10; DFP#1)
  • The Hermiz murder case and trial that resulted in verdict on July 19 of guilty against Maurice Hamilton and innocent due to insanity as to Victoria Hermiz (DFP#1)
  • The defeat of a diphtheria outbreak (DFP#3)

Office holders

State office holders

Файл:G. Mennen Williams (Michigan Governor).jpg
Gov. G. Mennen Williams

Mayors of major cities

Файл:Patrick Vincent McNamara.jpg
Patrick V. McNamara
Файл:Martha Wright Griffiths.jpg
Martha Griffiths

Federal office holders

Population

Шаблон:Population of Michigan cities and counties (1950 Census)

Sports

Baseball

Файл:Harvey Kuenn 1953.png
Harvey Kuenn

American football

Basketball

Ice hockey

1956 Olympics

Файл:Dick Hanley.png
Dick Hanley of the University of Michigan

A contingent of 18 Michiganders competed for the United States in the 1956 Summer Olympics.[27] A total 11 athletes with ties to Michigan won medals as follows:

Boat racing

  • Port Huron to Mackinac Boat Race – The Gypsy from Milwaukee won in the Class A division on July 16 with a time of 49 hours, 51 minutes, and eight seconds. The sloops Revelry and Glory Bea won Classes B and D.[31]
  • APBA Gold CupBill Muncey, driving Miss Thriftway out of Seattle, won the Gold Cup race on the waters of the Detroit River on September 1. However, race officials disqualified Muncey on grounds that he had hit and damaged a buoy. Officials then awarded the victory to Miss Pepsi, a Detroit boat that finished in second place. The owners of Miss Thriftway protested, doubts arose as the veracity of the official who claimed Muncey had hit a buoy, and no trophy was awarded on the day of the race.[32][33] After a 55-day dispute, including a legal challenge by Horace Dodge, the Inboard Racing Commission of the American Power Boat Association on October 25 sustained the protest by the owner of Miss Thriftway and reversed the disqualification, giving Muncey the Gold Cup for 1956.[34]

Golf

Chronology of events

January

  • January - Ford Motor issued 10,200,000 shares of its stock in the company's first public offering.
  • January 1 - Michigan State defeated UCLA, 17-14, in the 1956 Rose Bowl. Dave Kaiser of Michigan State kicked a game-winning field goal with seven seconds left in the game.[37]
  • January 17 - A newspaper strike that closed The Detroit News, Detroit Free Press, and Detroit Times ended after 46 days.[38]

February

March

  • March 2 - Anna Thorpe, the manager of a Michigan Secretary of State branch office in St. Clair Shores, her husband Floyd, and daughter Kathleen fled the state on a flight from Windsor to Mexico City. An audit found that she had embezzled $74,841 in automobile license fees. The actual amount was later determined to be slightly over $80,000 (Шаблон:Inflation). She sent a letter claiming that pressure to make political patronage contributions forced her to embezzle funds.[39][40] The Thorpes were ultimately captured in Corpus Christi, Texas, on June 4, 1957. They had spent nearly a year in Mazatlán where they had purchased a hotel and bar for $65,000.[41] On August 5, 1957, Anna pled guilty to embezzlement and her husband pled guilty to aiding and abetting. The Thorpes also assigned to the state their interest in the Mazatlan hotel and bar that was purchased with the embezzled funds as well as their house in Warren.[42] They were each sentenced to seven to ten years in prison,[43] but both were released on parole in December 1961.[44]

April

  • April 2 - Alfred P. Sloan, at age 80, resigned as the chairman of the board of General Motors (GM). Sloan had been chairman since 1937 and was the company's president from 1923 to 1946. Albert Bradley was selected as the company' new chairman. Bradley had been with GM since 1919, a member of the board of directors since 1933, and an executive vice president since 1942.[45]
  • April 3 - The April 1956 tornado outbreak struck western Michigan, killing 19 persons, leveling the Saugatuck lighthouse and causing extensive devastation to Hudsonville, Standale and suburban areas of Grand Rapids.[46][47]
  • April 8 - Detroit's streetcars ceased operating and were replaced by new "cream and green" buses. Streetcars had been operating along Woodward Avenue since 1863. The city sold its streetcars to Mexico City.[48][49] The Detroit Free Press reported at the time that a 30% difference in the operating costs of streetcars and buses was the main reason for the decision to discontinue the use of streetcars.[48]

May

  • May 7 - Detroit Free Press executive editor Lee Hills won a Pulitzer Prize for the top local reporting of 1955 for his coverage of the UAW's negotiations with Ford and General Motors for supplemental unemployment pay, the so-called guaranteed annual wage (GAW). Hill's coverage appeared in the newspaper for more than three weeks in June 1955 under the title "A Look Behind the UAW-Auto Curtain".[50]
  • May 12 - A group of 19 tornadoes struck a 300-mile-wide area in central and eastern Michigan, including the communities of Flint (five dead, 75 hospitalized, 75 buildings destroyed), Ithaca (one dead, four injured), Lincoln Park (12 hospitalized, 40 homes and a church flattened), South Lyon (four hospitalized, three houses destroyed), and Allen Park (a drive-in restaurant destroyed).[51]

June

  • July 18 - After deliberating for 12 hours, a Detroit Recorder's Court jury of nine women and three men returned verdicts in the murder trial of Victoria Hermiz, a 24-year-old Chaldean immigrant from Iraq, and her paramour Maurice Hamilton, an 18-year-old Chaldean immigrant. The pair was charged with the February 10 killing of Mrs. Hermiz's husband, 38-year-old grocer Aziz Hermiz. The husband was stabbed three times, once in the heart, in the couple's Detroit apartment. Hamilton was found guilty of first degree murder, and Mrs. Hermiz was found innocent by reason of insanity.[52] The trial had drawn extensive press coverage for Шаблон:Frac weeks since it began on June 6.[53] At one point, Hamilton leapt to his feet during testimony by Mrs. Hermiz's brother and shouted that he was innocent and that Mrs. Hermiz's brother was the killer, then cried out for his mother who was in the courtroom.[54] Mrs. Hermiz stood up three times to tell the jury that Hamilton was innocent, because she had planned the murder.[52] Mrs. Hermiz was committed to the Ionia State Hospital for the Criminally Insane,[55] but was released after 18 months.[56] Hamilton was later granted a new trial; the second trial in 1960 again resulted in a guilty verdict.[57] After a second appeal, Hamilton was permitted to plead guilty to manslaughter on grounds that he had already served 11 years, was 18 years old at the time of the killing, and had been "under the spell or control" of an older woman.[58] Hamilton was freed in December 1967 and deported to India.[59]

July

  • July–September - A newspaper and grand jury investigation into widespread graft in Ecorse, a city downriver from Detroit led by Mayor William W. Voisine, captured headlines in Detroit.[60][61][62][63][64] The investigation also turned up evidence voter rolls had been selectively purged of those who had supported Voisine's opponent,[65] and that 600 votes in the 1955 Ecorse mayoral election were "purchased, imported or forged," casting doubt on Voisine's victory by a margin of less than 600 votes.[66] Voisine and 17 of his associates were indicted on graft charges on September 28.[67]
  • July 9 - Trans-Canada Air Lines Flight 304 lost a propeller over Flat Rock, Michigan, and the metal shaft sliced through the passenger cabin, killing one passenger and injuring four others and a flight attendant. The aircraft diverted to Windsor, Ontario, where the pilots made an emergency landing.[68]
  • July 16 - The Detroit Tigers were purchased from the Briggs estate for $5.5 million (Шаблон:Inflation) by a group led by Fred Knorr and which included John Fetzer.[69]

August

  • August 4 - Curtiss-Wright acquired Studebaker-Packard's assets for $35 million (Шаблон:Inflation). The agreement provided for Studebaker-Packard's automobile manufacturing to be concentrated in South Bend, Indiana.[70] Studebaker-Packard had losses totaling $35.5 million in the first half of 1956. With the merger, the Packard Automotive Plant on East Grand Boulevard was closed, and the Packard Division was shut down.[71][72] The Detroit Free Press wrote: "The venerable name of Packard was being erased from Detroit Wednesday. After 56 years in business at 1580 E. Grand Blvd., a relative handful of employees remained after executive and office personnel had lined up for their termination pay."[71] The Packard plant later became a symbol of urban decay.
  • August 7 - Detroit Mayor Albert Cobo was selected by primary voters as the Republican nominee for Governor of Michigan.[73]

September

  • September 3 - Adlai Stevenson marched with 75,000 Detroiters in the city's annual Labor Day parade and spoke to the crowd, outlining his "New America" plan for education and health.[74]

October

  • October 4 - An office building under construction for Consumers Power in Jackson, Michigan, collapsed and killed 10 workers.[75]
  • October 14 - The opening of the Ford Auditorium in Detroit was broadcast on national television on the Ed Sullivan Show. The show included a high wire act illustrating the size of the auditorium and a performance by opera star Rise Stevens. The 2,926-seat auditorium cost $5.7 million (Шаблон:Inflation) and was funded by gifts of $1 million from the Ford family and $1.5 million from Ford, Lincoln, and Mercury dealers, and $2.5 million from the City of Detroit.[76]

November

  • November 2 - Chrysler announced its third quarter financial results. Net earnings for the first nine months were $6.3 million, down more than 90% from $70.6 million for the same period in 1955. Sales were $1.858 billion, down from $2.466 in 1955. Car and truck shipments were down 33% from 1,145,255 to 763,718.[77]
  • November 5 - Four Mighty Mouse rockets were fired accidentally from an F-86D jet at Selfridge Air Force Base. One of the rockets burst threw the bedroom window of a house in nearby Harrison Township and exploded. The woman of the house, Mrs. Glasgow, was in the den, and her four-year-old son Larry was in the backyard. Neither was injured.[78] Four days later, an Air Force jet canopy fell into a trailer park in Sumpter Township. A spokesman for Selfridge Air Base denied losing a canopy.[79]
  • November 6 -
  • November 16 - James King, a 50-year-old African-American bailiff from Wayne County shot and killed George Krise, a Newaygo County farmer on whose land King and his friends were hunting. Krise reportedly ordered the hunters off his land, waved a shotgun, and made derogatory comments about King's race. King then shot Krise five times with a .38 revolver. King fled the scene but was captured after police found an advertising circular addressed to King's wife near Krise's body.[86] On February 16, 1957, King was convicted by a Newaygo County jury of second degree murder. The evidence at trial showed that one of the shots was fired while Krise was lying on the ground on his back.[87] King was sentenced to 20 to 30 years at Jackson Prison.[88]
  • November 19 - Harry Richards, a retired postal worker, engaged police in a standoff at his rural home near Flint. He killed two Michigan State Police officers, George Lappi and Bert Pozza, and wounded a third, Robert Vesey, with a deer rifle. After 75 police officers responded to the scene, Richards surrendered.[89]
  • November 19 - Ford Motor Co. announced the creation of its new Edsel Division. The division was named after Edsel Ford, the father of the three men who ran Ford, including Henry Ford II.[90]
  • November 20 - Earl Harmon, Jr., a 14-year-old hunter from Lansing, was discovered by a search plane in the wilderness 25 miles east of Munising in the Upper Peninsula. He was lost for five days without food and had survived snow, sleet, freezing rain, and frostbite by sleeping under logs and fir trees.[91]

December

  • December 2 - A group of 43 refugees from the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 arrived at Willow Run Airport, and 800 members of Detroit's Hungarian-American community greeted them at the airport.[92] One week after being settled into a home in Dearborn, one of the refugees said it was like living in a garden of paradise.[93]
  • December 2 - A crowd of between 1,000 and 1,500 students at the University of Michigan engaged in a "near riot" over the quality of food served in the dormitories. The protest began with 400 students at South Quad and grew as it spread through campus streets.[94]
  • December 12 - Two passenger steamers once operated by the Detroit and Cleveland Navigation Company, the Greater Detroit and the Eastern States were set afire and scuttled in Lake St. Clair. The Greater Detroit had once been known as the "Queen of the Great Lakes". The Detroit Free Press called it a "sad fate for the great vessels" creating a spectacle for the crowds watching from the shore.[95]
  • December 16 - The Detroit Lions lost to the Chicago Bears, 38-21, in a game that decided the NFL Western Division championship. The Lions had been seeking their fourth divisional championship in five years. Detroit quarterback Bobby Layne suffered a concussion early in the second quarter on a hit from Ed Meadows that the Lions called "dirty football".[96] Two weeks early, Layne had run for a touchdown, passed for a touchdown, and kicked six extra points in a 42-10 Detroit victory over the Bears.[97]
  • December 17 - Ford Motor Co. donated $6.5 million (Шаблон:Inflation) and 210 acres of land in Dearborn, Michigan, to the University of Michigan to develop the Dearborn Center of the University of Michigan, later renamed the University of Michigan–Dearborn.[98]
  • December 17 - Tanya Chwastov, a Шаблон:Frac-year-old girl caught in a highly publicized Cold War custody battle, returned to Detroit. The girl's father had taken her in October as he sought to return to Russia. He was stopped in London where a court ruled that the child should be returned to the mother in Detroit.[99][100] Pravda claimed that the case was "new evidence that forces hostile to peace were stopping at nothing in attempts to incite a cold war."[101]
  • December 19 - Rotary Electric Co. of Detroit, producer of 10% of the country's stainless steel, was acquired Jones & Laughlin Steel.[102]
  • December 26 - The Detroit Lions signed their head coach Buddy Parker a new contract paying him $70,000 over two years.[103]

Births


Deaths

Gallery of 1956 deaths

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Michigan year nav

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