Английская Википедия:1957 Madras State Legislative Assembly election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Indian English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox election

The second legislative assembly election to the Madras state (presently Tamil Nadu) was held on 31 March 1957. This was the first election held after the linguistic reorganisation of Madras State in 1956. Indian National Congress and its leader, K. Kamaraj won the election and defeated their rival, Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam. In 1954, due to the resignation of C. Rajagopalachari, for his controversial Kula Kalvi Thittam, the leadership of Congress was contested between K. Kamaraj, and C. Subramaniam (who got the support of M. Bhaktavatsalam). Eventually, K. Kamaraj, won the support of the party, was elected leader and chief minister of Madras State in 1954. In a surprise move, he appointed both M. Bhaktavatsalam and C. Subramaniam, to his cabinet, allowing great unity amongst the Congress that ruled the state of Madras, for the next decade. This election saw future DMK leaders M. Karunanidhi and K. Anbazhagan win their first MLA seats in the legislative assembly.[1]

Delimitation and reorganisation

On 1 October 1953, a separate Andhra State consisting of the Telugu-speaking areas of the composite Madras State was formed, and the Kannada-speaking area of Bellary District was merged with the then Mysore State. This reduced the strength of the Legislative Assembly to 231.

On 1 November 1956, the States Reorganisation Act 1956 took effect, and consequently, the constituencies in the erstwhile Malabar district were merged with the Kerala State. This further reduced the strength to 190. The Tamil-speaking area of Kerala (present-day Kanyakumari district) and Shenkottah taluk were added to Madras State.[2]

According to the new Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 1956, made by the Delimitation Commission of India under the provisions of the State Reorganisation Act, 1956, the strength of the Madras Legislative Assembly was increased to 205.[3] The 1957 elections were conducted for these 205 seats. In 1959, as a result of The Andhra Pradesh and Madras (Alteration of Boundaries) Act 1959, one member of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly was allotted to Madras, increasing its Legislative Assembly strength to 206.[3]

Two-member constituencies

Out of the total 167 constituencies in the state, 38 were two-member constituencies, 37 of which had one reserved for Scheduled caste candidates and one for Scheduled tribe candidates.[3] These constituencies were larger in size and had a greater number of voters (more than 1,00,000)[4] when compared to general constituencies. Two separate lists of candidates, a general list and a reserved list, are contested in those constituencies. Each voter had to cast two votes, one for each list.

The two winners were chosen as follows:

  • Reserved Member: Candidate with the most votes among the reserved (SC/ST) list candidates
  • General Member: Candidate with the most votes among the rest of the candidates, excluding the Reserved Member (including both reserved and general lists).

This system led to anomalies. In some cases, like the Coimbatore-II constituency in the 1957 election, both elected members belonged to the reserved list; the candidate with the second highest number of votes in the reserved list secured more votes than the highest vote-getter in the general list. Multiple members were elected only in the 1952 and 1957 elections, as double-member representation was abolished in 1961 by the enactment of the Two-Member Constituencies Abolition Act, 1961.[5]

Parties and issues

Indian National Congress, Communist Party of India, Forward Bloc, Praja Socialist Party, Socialist Party, Congress Reform Committee (Indian National Democratic Congress), and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) were the major parties contesting this election. This was the first election contested by the DMK since its formation in 1949. The decision to contest elections was taken in 1956 at the party's Trichy conference. The party fielded its candidates in 8 parliamentary and 117 assembly seats as independents since it was not an officially recognised party.[6] The increased Tamilian character of the Congress party after the appointment of K. Kamaraj, a non-Brahman, as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, robbed DMK of its main electoral plank as the sole proponent of Tamil nationalism. It increasingly changed its focus to economic issues and the slower industrialization of the South as an election issue. The DMK election manifesto had a socialist image, and the creation of Dravida Nadu became a side issue as it implicitly accepted the prevailing constitutional order.[7][8]

Periyar E. V. Ramasamy issued a statement in support of K. Kamaraj before the commencement of the election. In October 1956, the central executive of Dravidar Kazhagam resolved to support K. Kamaraj.[9]

Since Mr. Kamaraj has done his best to serve the Tamilians, since he has changed Acharyar's educational system designed to perpetuate the caste system, since he has conferred many jobs and many benefits on Tamilians in the educational and other spheres and since the Brahman and DMK people are trying to oust him from power, it has become the duty of all Tamilians to support Mr. Kamaraj and his followers in the election[9][10]

K. Kamaraj accepted the support of Dravidar Kazhagam and said if the Kazhagam canvassed votes for him out of their own free will, he could not possibly tell them he did not want their votes. He also made it clear that the Congress party cannot support a party that is communal in nature, and he did not in any way share E. V. Ramasamy's views.[9][11]

K. Kamaraj's decision to accept support and provide candidature to some former members of Dravidar Kazhagam caused division within Congress, resulting in a new party called the Congress Reform Committee (CRC). Though the party was created in the last moment, it fielded candidates in 12 parliamentary and 55 assembly seats.[12]

Voting and results

Source: Election Commission of India[13] <section begin=Results />Шаблон:Election table !colspan=9|Файл:India Madras Legislative Assembly 1957.svg |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9; text-align:center;" ! class="unsortable" | ! Political party !! Flag !! Seats
Contested !! Won !! % of
Seats ! Votes !! Vote % !! Change in
vote % |- style="background: #90EE90;" | Шаблон:Party color cell | style="text-align:left;" |Indian National Congress | INC Flag Official | 204 || 151 (Шаблон:Decrease1) || 73.66 || 50,46,576 || 45.34 || Шаблон:Increase 10.46 |- | Шаблон:Party color cell | style="text-align:left;" |Communist Party of India | Файл:CPI-banner.svg | 58 || 4 (Шаблон:Decrease58) || 1.95 || 8,23,582 || 7.40 || Шаблон:Decrease 5.78 |- | Шаблон:Party color cell | style="text-align:left;" |Praja Socialist Party | | 23 || 2 (New) || 0.98 || 2,93,778 || 2.64 || New |- | Шаблон:Party name with colour | | 602 || 48 (Шаблон:Decrease 14) || 23.41 || 49,67,060 || 44.62 || N/A |- class="unsortable" style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! colspan = 3| ! style="text-align:center;" |Total Seats !! 205 (Шаблон:Decrease170) !! style="text-align:center;" |Voters !! 2,39,05,575 !! style="text-align:center;" |Turnout !! colspan = 2|1,11,30,996 (46.56%) |}<section end=Results />

DMK was not officially recognised as a party by the Election Commission of India until 1962, so it was registered as an independent party. The Congress Reform Committee was the second and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam was the third party in the assembly. Congress won 45% of the vote, the CRC 8%, and the DMK 14%.[12]

By constituency

* Elected as Chief Minister of Madras State
** DMK Candidates contesting as independents
S.No Constituency Winner Party Runner Up Party
Madras City
1 Washermanpet M. Mayandi Nadar INC N. Jeevarathnam IND
2 Harbour U. Krishna Rao INC G. Rajamannar Chettiar PSP
3 Basin Bridge T. N. Anandanayaki INC N. V. Natarajan IND
4 Perambur 1) Pakkiriswami Pillai
3) Satyavani Muthu 		IND
IND 		2) T. S. Govindaswamy
4) T. Rajagopal 		INC
INC
5 Thousand lights A. V. P. Asaithambi IND K. Venkatasamy Naidu INC
6 Egmore Anbazhagan IND Radhakrishnan INC
7 Triplicane K. S. G. Haja Shareef INC Appadurai IND
8 Mylapore C. R. Ramaswamy INC Kumari S. Vijayalakshmi PSP
9 T. Nagar K. Vinayakam INC A. S. Jesupatham IND
Chingleput
10 Maduranthakam 1) O. Venkatasubba Reddy
4) Ellappan 		INC
IND 		2) O.N. Doraibabu
3) V.L. Raja 		IND
IND
11 Chengalpattu 1) Muthuswamy Naicker
2) Appavu 		INC 3) Ramachandran
4) Rathinam 		IND
12 Saidapet A. S. Doraiswami Reddiar INC N. P. Loganathan IND
13 Ponneri 1) V. Govindasami Naidu
2) T. P. Elumalai 		INC
INC 		3) T. Shanmugam
4) Changam Pillai 		IND
IND
14 Gummidipundi Kamalambuiammal INC Venugopal Reddy IND
15 Tiruvallur 1) Eakambara Mudaly
2) V. S. Arunachalam 		INC
INC 		3) N. Govindasamy Naidu
4) M. Dharmalingam 		IND
IND
16 Sriperumbudur M. Bhaktavatsalam INC C. V. M. Annamalai IND
17 Uthiramerur V. K. Ramaswamy Mudaliar IND K. Duraiswamy Nayagar INC
18 Kancheepuram C. N. Annadurai[14] IND P. S. Srinivasan INC
North Arcot
19 Arakkonam S. C. Sadayappa Mudaliar INC Thomas IND
20 Sholinghur B. Bhakthavatsalu Naidu INC M. Subramanian Naicker IND
21 Cheyyar P. Ramachandran INC V. Darmalinga Nayagar IND
22 Vandavasi 1) M. Ramachandra Reddy
3) D. Dasarathan 		INC
INC 		2) A. Dharma Gounder
4) S. Muthulingam 		IND
IND
23 Arcot S. Khader Sheriff INC Lachaumanan IND
24 Ranipet Chandrasekara Naicker INC R. A. Subhaan IND
25 Gudiyatham 1) V. K. Kothandaraman
2) T. Manavalan 		CPI
INC 		3) Venkatachalam
4) M. Krishnasami 		INC
IND
26 Vellore M. P. Sarathy IND Sundara Gounder CPI
27 Ambur 1) V. K. Krishnamurthy
3) S. R. Munusami 		INC
IND 		2) Sampangi Naidu
4) A. R. Rathnasamy 		IND
INC
28 Arni P. Doraisamy Reddiar IND V. K. Kannan INC
29 Polur S. M. Annamalai IND T. B. Kesava Reddiar IND
30 Thuriniapuram M. A. Manickavelu INC S. Murugan IND
31 Tiruvannamalai 1) P. U. Shanmugham
2) C. Santhanam 		IND
IND 		3) V. K. Annamalai Gounder
4) A. Arumugam 		INC
32 Chengam T. Karia Goundar INC R. Venkatachala Mudaliar IND
33 Vaniyambadi A. A. Rasheed INC M. P. Vadivelu Gounder IND
34 Tiruppattur R. C. Samanna Gounder INC Natesa Pillai IND
Salem
35 Harur 1) P. M. Munusami Gounder
2) M. K. Mariappan 		INC
INC 		3) T. Ponnusamy
4) C. Theerthagiri 		IND
IND
36 Krishnagiri S. Nagaraja Manigar INC N. Mohanram IND
37 Uddanapalli Muni Reddi IND Venkatakrishna Desai INC
38 Hosur K. Appavoo Pillai IND N. Ramachandra Reddy INC
39 Pennagaram Hemalatha Devi INC D. K. Gorunatha Chettiar IND
40 Dharmapuri M. Kandasami Kandar INC R. S. Veerappa Chetty IND
41 Yercaud 1) S. Andi Goundan
2) S. Lakshmana Goundar 		INC
INC 		3) Raja Paul David
4) Kuppusami Goundan 		IND
IND
42 Salem I A. Mariappan Mudaliar INC V. R. Nedunchezhiyan IND
43 Salem II A. Rathnavel Gounder INC S. M. Ramiah CPI
44 Veerapandy M. R. Kandasamy Mudaliar INC Chelliah IND
45 Taramangalam N. S. Sundararajan INC Chinnappan IND
46 Mettur K. S. Ardhanareeswara Gounder INC Surendiran PSP
47 Sankari K. S. Subramanya Gounder INC R. Thandavan IND
48 Tiruchengode 1) T. M. Kaliannan
2) R. Kandaswami 		INC
INC 		3) Rangasamy Gounder
4) Komaran 		IND
PSP
49 Namakkal 1) P. Kolanda Gounder
3) M. P. Periasami 		INC
INC 		2) V. Kaliappan
4) Marudaveeran 		IND
IND
50 Sendamangalam T. Sivagnanam Pillai INC Somasundara Gounder IND
51 Rasipuram A. Raja Gounder INC K. V. K. Ramaswamy IND
52 Attur 1) Irusappan
2) M. P. Subramaniam 		IND
IND 		3) A. Sambasiva Reddiar
4) M. Arumugham 		INC
IND
South Arcot
53 Kallakurichi 1) Nataraja Odayar
3) M. Anandan 		IND
IND 		2) Parthasarathy
4) L. Anandan 		INC
INC
54 Tirukoilur 1) S. A. M. Annamalai Odayar
3) Kuppusami 		IND
INC 		2) Lakshmi Narasamma
4) Muthusami 		INC
IND
55 Satyamangalam K. Gopal Gounder IND K. Aranganathan INC
56 Gingee M. Jangal Reddiar IND V. Gopal Gounder IND
57 Tindivanam 1) P. Veerappa Gounder
2) M. Jagannathan 		IND
IND 		3) Venugopal Gounder
4) Pichaikuppan 		INC
INC
58 Valavanur A. Govindasami Nayagar IND K. M. Krishna Gounder INC
59 Villupuram Sarangapani Gounder INC Shanmuga Udayar IND
60 Ulundurpet Kandasami Padayachi INC Manonmani Ammal IND
61 Cuddalore Seenivasa Padayachi INC Sambandan IND
62 Nellikuppam 1) Sivachidambara Ramasamy Padayachi
3) S. Thangavelu 		INC
INC 		2) Krishnamoorthy Gounder
4) Rajaangam 		IND
IND
63 Nallur Vedamanickam IND K. S. Venkatakrishna Reddiar IND
64 Vridhachalam M. Selvaraj IND G. Rajavelu Padayachi INC
65 Bhuvanagiri Samikannu Padayachi INC R. Balagurusamy IND
66 Chidambaram 1) G. Vagheesam Pillai
2) Swami Sahajananda 		INC
INC 		3) Chokalingam
4) Sivasubramaniam 		IND
IND
Tanjore
67 Sirkazhi 1) C. Muthia Pillai
2) K. B. S. Mani 		INC
INC 		3) K. Sami Durai Annangar
4) V. Velayutham 		CPI
CPI
68 Mayuram 1) G. Narayanasami Naidu
2) P. Jayaraj 		INC
INC 		3) M. Kathamuthu
4) A. R. Marianathan 		CPI
CPI
69 Nannilam 1) M. D. Thiagaraja Pillai
2) M. C. Muthukumaraswami 		INC
INC 		3) S. Arunachalam Pillai
4) P. Appaswamy 		CPI
CPI
70 Nagapattinam N. S. Ramalingam INC P. Jeevanandam CPI
71 Tiruthuraipundi 1) V. Vedayyan
2) A. Vedaratnam 		INC
INC 		3) C. Kandasamy
4) S. Vadivelu 		CPI
CPI
72 Mannargudi T. S. Swaminatha Odayar INC S. K. Sivanada Saluvar IND
73 Aduthurai Ramamirtha Thondaiman INC Mohammed Amirdeen IND
74 Kumbakonam T. Sambath INC Neelamegham IND
75 Panjapatti Karunagiri Muthaiah INC P. Poonambala Gounder IND
76 Tiruvayur R. Swaminatha Merkondar INC D. Pakshiraja Moovarayar IND
77 Thanjavur A. Y. S. Parisutha Nadar INC R. Gopalakrishnan IND
78 Gandarvakottai Krishnasami Gopalar INC Ramachandra Dorai IND
79 Adiramapattinam A. R. Marimuthu PSP N. Sunderasa Thevar INC
80 Pattukottai R. Srinivasa Ayyar INC V. Arunachala Thevar IND
81 Arantangi S. Ramasami Thevar IND Muthuvel Ambalam INC
Tiruchirappalli
82 Thirumayam V. Ramiah INC Muthuvairava Ambalagarar IND
83 Alangudi 1) Arunachala Thevar
2) Chinniah 		INC
INC 		Subbiah
Balakrishnan 		IND
84 Andanallur Annamalai Muthuraja INC E. P. Mathuram IND
85 Tiruchirappalli - I E. P. Mathuram IND T. Durairaj Pillai INC
86 Tiruchirappalli - II M. Kalyanasundaram CPI Subburethinam INC
87 Srirangam K. Vasudevan INC Chitrambalam IND
88 Lalgudi S. Lazar INC Anbil P. Dharmalingam IND
89 T Palur Subbiah INC Ramasamy IND
90 Jayankondam K. R. Viswanathan INC Jayaramulu Chettiar IND
91 Ariyalur Ramalinga Padayachi INC Narayanan IND
92 Perambalur 1) Krishnasami
3) K. Periyannan 		INC
INC 		2) Raja Chidambaram
4) Adimoolam 		IND
IND
93 Musiri 1) V. A. Muthaiya
2) T. V. Sannasi 		INC
INC 		3) M. P. Muthukaruppan
4) Durairaj 		IND
IND
94 Karur T. M. Nallaswamy INC K. S. Ramasami CPI
95 Aravakurichi S. Sadasivam INC N. Rathinam IND
96 Kulithalai M. Karunanidhi IND K. A. Dharmalingam INC
97 Papanasam 1) Venkitachala Nattar
2) R. Subramaniam 		INC
INC 		3) Haritharanathan
4) Tajudeen 		IND
IND
98 Manapparai N. P. M. Chinnaya Kavundar INC A. Rajagopal Pillai IND
Ramanathapuram
99 Tirukoshtiyur N. V. Chockalingam INC S. Shanmugam CPI
100 Karaikudi M. A. Muthiah Chettiar INC Ganesan Saw IND
101 Sivaganga D. Subramania Rajkumar IND Saminathan INC
102 Tiruvadanai KR. RM. Kariamanickamambalam IND S. Ramakrishnathevar INC
103 Manamadurai R. Chidambara Bharathi INC S. Alagu IND
104 Paramakudi K. Ramachandran IND G. Govindan INC
105 Ramanathapuram R. Shanmuga Rajeshwara Sethupathi IND G. Mangalasamy CPI
106 Mudukulathur 1) U. Muthuramalinga Thevar
2) A. Perumal 		IND
IND 		3) Chinniah
4) A. Krishnan 		INC
INC
107 Aruppukottai M. D. Ramasami IND A. V. Thiruppathi INC
108 Sattur K. Kamaraj INC Jayarama Reddiar IND
109 Sivakasi S. Ramasami Naidu INC P. Muthuramanuja Thevar IND
110 Srivilliputhur 1) R. Krishnasami Naidu
2) A. Chinnasami 		INC
INC 		3) S. Alagarsamy
4) Gurusami 		CPI
IND
Tirunelveli
111 Kovilpatti V. Suppaya Naicker IND Selvaraj INC
112 Kadambur 1) K. Ramasubbu
2) Sangili 		INC
INC 		3) S. Arunachala Nadar
4) V. Suppayan 		IND
IND
113 Tuticorin Ponnusami Nadar INC M. S. Sivamani IND
114 Srivaikuntam A. P. C. Veerabahu INC Y. Perumal IND
115 Tiruchendur M. S. Selvaraj INC M. R. Meganathan IND
116 Sathankulam S. P. Adithanar IND S. Kandasamy INC
117 Radhapuram A. V. Thomas INC Kartheesan IND
118 Nanguneri M. G. Sankar Reddiar INC S. Madasamy IND
119 Tirunelveli 1) Rajathi Kunchithapatham
2) Somasundaram 		INC
INC 		3) Kandish
4) Ponnusami 		IND
PSP
120 Ambasamudram Gomathisankara Deekshidar INC Challapandian IND
121 Kadayam D. S. Athimoolam IND A. Balagan INC
122 Tenkasi K. Sattanatha Karayalar IND I. A. Chidambaram Pillai INC
123 Alangulam Veluchamy Thevar IND Nallasivan CPI
124 Sankarankoil 1) P. Urkavalan
2) A. R. Subbiah Mudaliar 		INC
INC 		3) Adinamilagi
4) S. Uthaman 		IND
PSP
Kanyakumari
125 Kanyakumari T. S. Ramaswamy Pillai IND Natarajan INC
126 Nagercoil Chidambaranatha Nadar INC C. Sankar CPI
127 Colachel Lourdammal INC S. Doraiswamy IND
128 Padmanabhapuram Thompson Dharmaraj Daniel INC S. Muthukaruppa Pillai IND
129 Killiyur A. Nesamony INC Uncontested Uncontested
130 Vilavancode M. William INC Uncontested Uncontested
Madurai
131 Uthamapalayam K. Pandiaraj INC P. T. Rajan IND
132 Bodinayakkanur A. S. Subbaraj INC M. Muthiala IND
133 Kodaikanal M. Alagirisamy INC Gurusamy IND
134 Theni 1) N. R. Thiagarajan
3) N. M. Velappan 		INC
INC 		2) S. S. Rajendran
4) A. Ayyanar 		IND
IND
135 Usilampatti MUTHU IND P. V. Raj -
136 Thirumangalam A. V. P. Periavala Guruya Reddi IND K. Rajaram INC
137 Madurai East P. K. R. Lakshmi Kanthan INC N. Sankaraiah CPM
138 Madurai Central V. Sankaran INC S. Muthu IND
139 Thirupparankundram S. Chinnakaruppa Thevar INC K. P. Janaki CPI
140 Nilakkottai 1) W. P. A. R. Chandrasekaran
2) A. S. Ponnammal 		INC
INC 		3) T. G. Krishnamoorthy
4) M. Vadivel 		IND
IND
141 Melur 1) P. Kakkan
2) M. Periyakaruppan Ambalam 		INC
INC 		3) K. Paramasivam Ambalan
4) P. Vadivel 		IND
IND
142 Vadamadurai Thiruvenkatasamy Naicker IND S. Chiinasamy Naidu INC
143 Vedasandur T. S. Soundaram Ramachandran INC Madanagopal CPI
144 Dindigul M. J. Jamal Mohideen INC A. Balasubramaniam CPI
145 Atoor M. A. B. Arumugasamy Chettiar INC V. S. S. Mani Chettiyar IND
146 Oddanchatram Karuthappa Gounder INC Angamuthu Naicker IND
147 Palani Lakshmipathiraj INC Venkitasami Gounder IND
Coimbatore
148 Udumalpet S. T. Subbaya Gounder IND N. Mounaguruswamy Naidu INC
149 Pollachi 1) N. Mahalingam
2) K. Ponniah 		INC
INC 		3) P. Thangavel Gounder
4) V. K. Rangaswamy 		PSP
CPI
150 Kovilpalayam C. Subramaniam INC C. Guruswamy Naidu PSP
151 Dharapuram A. Sanapathi Gounder INC P. S. Govindasamy Gounder IND
152 Kangayam K. G. Palanisamy Gounder INC P. Muthuswamy Gounder IND
153 Chennimalai K. P. Nallasivam IND A. Thengappa Gounder INC
154 Erode V. S. Manickasundaram INC K. T. Raju CPI
155 Perundurai N. K. Palanisami CPI Manicka Mudaliar INC
156 Bhavani 1) G. G. Gurumurthi
2) P. G. Manickam 		INC
INC 		3) K. Komarasami Gounder
4) A. Subramanian 		IND
IND
157 Gobichettipalayam P. G. Karuthiruman INC Mariappan CPI
158 Nambiyur K. L. Ramaswami INC Uncontested Uncontested
159 Tiruppur K. N. Palanisamy INC V. Ponnulinga Gounder CPI
160 Palladam P. S. Chinnadurai PSP Kumarasami Gounder INC
161 Coimbatore - I Savitri Shanmugam INC Bupathy CPI
162 Coimbatore - II 1) Marudachalam
2) Palaniswamy 		CPI
INC 		3) Kuppuswamy
4) P. Veluswamy 		INC
PSP
163 Sulur Kulanthai Ammal INC K. Ramani CPI
164 Avanashi K. Marappa Gounder INC Karuppa Gounder IND
165 Mettupalayam D. Raghubadhi Devi INC Madhannan IND
Nilgiris
166 Coonoor J. Matha Gowder INC H. B. Ari Gowder IND
167 Udagamandalam B. K. Linga Gowder INC K. Bhojan IND

Kamaraj's second cabinet

Kamaraj's council of ministers during his second tenure as chief minister (1 April 1957 – 1 March 1962)[15]

Minister Portfolios
K. Kamaraj Chief Minister, Public, Planning and Development (including Local development Works, Women's Welfare, Community Projects and Rural Welfare), National Extension Scheme
M. Bhaktavatsalam Home
C. Subramaniam Finance
R. Venkataraman Industries
M. A. Manickavelu Naicker Revenue
P. Kakkan Works
V. Ramaiah Electricity
Lourdhammal Simon Local Administration

See also

Footnotes and references

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Tamil Nadu assembly elections

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Tamil Nadu Government website
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 The State Legislature - Origin and Evolution Шаблон:Webarchive
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
  10. ↑ The Hindu (10 October 1956)
  11. ↑ The Hindu (6 March 1957)
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Citation
  13. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MadrasECI1957 не указан текст
  14. ↑ 1957 Madras State Election Results, Election Commission of India '
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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