Английская Википедия:1961 Australian federal election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox election The 1961 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 9 December 1961. All 122 seats in the House of Representatives and 31 of the 60 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Liberal–Country coalition led by Prime Minister Robert Menzies defeated the opposition Labor Party under Arthur Calwell, despite losing the two-party-preferred popular vote. In his first election as Labor leader, Calwell significantly reduced the Coalition's margin, gaining 15 seats to leave the government with only a two-seat majority. This was the first and only time that a Federal Government won a sixth consecutive term in office.

Future opposition leader and Governor General Bill Hayden entered parliament at this election.

Issues

Due to a credit squeeze, the economy had gone into a brief recession in 1961 and unemployment had risen to high levels. This saw an increase in popularity for Labor; Menzies' case was not helped by an approach seen by the press, notably The Sydney Morning Herald, as inappropriately paternalistic.Шаблон:Citation needed The Herald, which had long supported Menzies, switched sides to support Calwell and Labor, which gave Calwell the confidence to mount a spirited campaign.[1] These factors were enough to see a swing against the Menzies Government.

Results

House of Representatives

Шаблон:Mainarticle

House of Reps (IRV) — 1961–63—Turnout 95.27% (CV) — Informal 2.57%
Файл:1961 Australian House.svg
Party Votes % Swing Seats Change
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Labor 2,512,929 47.90 +5.09 62Шаблон:Efn +15
  Liberal–Country coalition 2,208,213 42.09 –4.46 62 –15
Шаблон:Australian party style |   LiberalШаблон:Pad 1,761,738 33.58 –3.65 45 –13
Шаблон:Australian party style |   CountryШаблон:Pad 446,475 8.51 –0.81 17 –2
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Democratic Labor 399,475 7.61 –0.19 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Queensland Labor 57,487 1.10 –0.50 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Communist 25,429 0.48 –0.05 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Commonwealth Centre 6,743 0.13 +0.13 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Independents 35,757 0.68 +0.05 0 0
  Total 5,246,033     122
Two-party-preferred Шаблон:Nobold
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Liberal–Country coalition Win 49.50 –4.60 62 –15
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Labor 50.50 +4.60 60 +15

Шаблон:Bar box

Шаблон:Bar box

Шаблон:Bar box

Senate

Senate (STV) — 1961–64—Turnout 95.27% (CV) — Informal 10.62%
Файл:1961 Australian Senate.svg
Party Votes % Swing Seats won Seats held Change
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Labor 2,151,339 44.71 +1.93 14 28 +2
  Liberal–Country coalition 2,025,078 42.08 –3.12 16 30 –2
  Liberal–Country joint ticket 1,595,696 33.16 +9.79 8 * *
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Liberal (separate ticket) 398,292 8.28 Шаблон:Nowrap 7 24 –1
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Country (separate ticket) 31,090 0.65 –0.50 1 6 –1
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Democratic Labor 388,466 8.07 +2.25 0 1 –1
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Queensland Labor 84,112 1.75 +0.09 0 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Communist 78,188 1.62 –1.29 0 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Social Credit 17,963 0.37 +0.37 0 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Republican 10,589 0.22 +0.14 0 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Other 10,029 0.21 +0.21 0 0 0
Шаблон:Australian party style |   Independent 46,499 0.97 +0.54 1 1 +1
  Total 4,812,263     31 60
Notes

Seats changing hands

Seat Pre-1961 Swing Post-1961
Party Member Margin Margin Member Party
Bowman, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Malcolm McColm 6.1 8.0 1.9 Jack Comber Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Canning, WA Шаблон:Australian party style Country Len Hamilton N/A 65.7 15.7 Neil McNeill Liberal Шаблон:Australian party style
Capricornia, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Henry Pearce 7.7 10.7 5.0 George Gray Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Cowper, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Country Earle Page 11.1 12.9 1.8 Frank McGuren Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Evans, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Frederick Osborne 7.0 7.1 0.1 James Monaghan Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Griffith, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Arthur Chresby 0.1 7.4 7.3 Wilfred Coutts Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Herbert, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal John Murray 1.5 3.8 2.3 Ted Harding Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Hume, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Country Charles Anderson 2.1 3.0 0.9 Arthur Fuller Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Kalgoorlie, WA Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Peter Browne 0.3 0.9 0.6 Fred Collard Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Lilley, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Bruce Wight 11.9 13.2 1.3 Don Cameron Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Mitchell, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Roy Wheeler 8.0 11.4 3.4 John Armitage Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Moore, WA Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Hugh Halbert 2.9 4.2 1.3 Hugh Leslie Country Шаблон:Australian party style
Oxley, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Donald Cameron 5.9 9.4 3.5 Bill Hayden Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Petrie, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Alan Hulme 10.5 11.2 0.7 Reginald O'Brien Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Phillip, NSW Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal William Aston 1.9 3.3 1.4 Syd Einfeld Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Stirling, WA Шаблон:Australian party style Liberal Doug Cash 0.2 0.5 0.3 Harry Webb Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
Wide Bay, Qld Шаблон:Australian party style Country Henry Bandidt 4.3 9.5 5.2 Brendan Hansen Labor Шаблон:Australian party style
  • Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election.

Significance

For a long time, the 1961 election remained the closest Federal election in Australian history, with the Coalition being reduced to the barest majority. Despite not having a majority of seats in New South Wales and Queensland the Coalition retained all of their seats in Victoria and could retain power.[2] The election was decided in the seats of Bruce near Melbourne and Moreton near Brisbane where the Liberal Party won the seat by 130 votes due to Communist Party preferences.

In Bruce, Labor's Keith Ewert led Liberal Billy Snedden on the first count, but on the second count more than two-thirds of the DLP's preferences flowed to Snedden, enough to give him the victory.[3]

However, the Coalition was not ensured of a sixth term in government until Jim Killen won Moreton by only 130 votes.[4] Labor actually won 62 seats, the same as the Coalition. However, without Bruce, the best Labor could hope for was a hung parliament, since two of its seats were in ACT and Northern Territory. At the time, territorial MPs had limited voting rights and were not counted for the purpose of determining who was to form government. The record for the closest election in Australia's history was eventually beaten by the 2010 election, which was a 72-72 seat draw.

The most notable casualty was Earle Page, the third-longest serving MP in Australia's history, and briefly Prime Minister. He had been the member for Cowper since 1919. Although he was 81 years old and gravely ill with lung cancer, he decided to fight his 17th general election. His Labor opponent, Frank McGuren, needed a seemingly daunting 11-point swing to win the seat, but won by a slim three-point margin on the second count. Page, who had been too sick to actively campaign, died 11 days after the election without ever knowing he had been defeated. It is the only time that Labor has won Cowper.

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

  • University of WA Шаблон:Webarchive election results in Australia since 1890
  • AEC 2PP vote
  • Prior to 1984 the AEC did not undertake a full distribution of preferences for statistical purposes. The stored ballot papers for the 1983 election were put through this process prior to their destruction. Therefore, the figures from 1983 onwards show the actual result based on full distribution of preferences.

Шаблон:Australian elections