Английская Википедия:1963 Nobel Prize in Literature
Шаблон:Infobox award The 1963 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the Greek poet and diplomat Giorgos Seferis (1900–1971) "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture."[1] He is the first Greek laureate to win the Nobel Prize (followed later by Odysseas Elytis in 1979).
Laureate
Шаблон:Main Giorgos Seferis was born in Smyrna (present day Izmir, Turkey). When his family moved to France in 1918, he studied law at the University of Paris and became interested in literature. He then went to Athens in 1925 and began a long diplomatic career. During World War II, Seferis accompanied the Free Greek Government in exile and returned to liberated Athens in 1944. Many of his, which are replete with themes of alienation, traveling, and death, are set against the backdrop of his extensive travels as a diplomat. Turning Point, his debut book of poems, was released in 1931. In his later poetry, Seferis frequently weaves together modern speech and experience with Homeric myth, notably in works like Mythistorema (1935) and Imerologio Katastromatos I-III (1940-1955).[2][3]
Deliberations
Nominations
Seferis was first nominated in 1955 by Romilly Jenkins (1907–1969), an English professor in Byzantine and Modern Greek literature, and was followed by nominations from T. S. Eliot, C. A. Trypanis and Eyvind Johnson until he was eventually awarded. He only received 5 nominations.[4]
In total, the Nobel Committee of the Swedish Academy received 121 nominations for 81 distinguished authors such as Jorge Luis Borges, Jean-Paul Sartre (awarded in 1964), Martin Buber, E. M. Forster, Graham Greene, Salvador de Madariaga, André Malraux, and Ramón Menéndez Pidal. The highest number of nominations (with 8 nominations) was for the American poet Robert Frost.Шаблон:Efn 22 of the nominees were nominated for the first time like Marcel Jouhandeau, Vladimir Nabokov, Michel Butor, Yukio Mishima, Jean Cocteau, André Breton, Nelly Sachs (awarded in 1966), René Étiemble, and Yevgeny Yevtushenko. Five of the nominees were women, namely Ingeborg Bachmann, Juana de Ibarbourou, Gertrud von le Fort, Kate Roberts, and Nelly Sachs. Surprisingly, two heads of state and government were nominated: French president Charles de Gaulle and Senegalese president Léopold Sédar Senghor.[5][6]
The authors Ion Agârbiceanu, Herbert Asbury, Luis Cernuda, W. E. B. Du Bois, Pola Gojawiczyńska, Edith Hamilton, Christopher Hassall, Nâzım Hikmet, Ernst Kantorowicz, C. S. Lewis, Marie Linde, Brinsley MacNamara, Louis MacNeice, Margaret Murray, Clifford Odets, Yōko Ōta, Sylvia Plath, Theodore Roethke, Kay Sage, Tristan Tzara, Hilda Vīka, William Carlos Williams, and Stark Young died in 1963 without having been nominated for the prize. The American poet Robert Frost died months before the announcement.
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Stefan Andres (1906–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Friedrich von der Leyen (1873–1966) |
| 2 | Jean Anouilh (1910–1987) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, screenplay, translation | Henry Olsson (1896–1985) |
| 3 | Louis Aragon (1897–1982) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 4 | Wystan Hugh Auden (1907–1973) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, essays, screenplay | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 5 | Ingeborg Bachmann (1926–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, novel, short story, essays | Harald Patzer (1910–2005) |
| 6 | Samuel Beckett (1906–1989) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, poetry | Johannes Edfelt (1904–1997) |
| 7 | Werner Bergengruen (1892–1964) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry | Friedrich von der Leyen (1873–1966) |
| 8 | Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, translation, short story | Henry Olsson (1896–1985) |
| 9 | André Breton (1896–1966) | Шаблон:Flag | history, poetry, essays | Gabriel Germain (1903–1978) |
| 10 | Martin Buber (1878–1965) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
philosophy | André Neher (1914–1988) |
| 11 | Michel Butor (1926–2016) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, essays, translation | Jean Humbert (1901–1980) |
| 12 | Heinrich Böll (1917–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Gustav Korlén (1915–2014) |
| 13 | Josep Carner (1884–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, translation | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 14 | Emilio Cecchi (1884–1966) | Шаблон:Flag | literary criticism, screenplay | Howard Rosario Marraro (1897–1972) |
| 15 | René Char (1907–1988) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 16 | Jean Cocteau (1889–1963) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, drama, screenplay, essays | Léon Cellier (1911–1976) |
| 17 | Charles de Gaulle (1890–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | memoir, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 18 | Lawrence Durrell (1912–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, drama, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 19 | Ingemar Düring (1903–1984) | Шаблон:Flag | philology, biography, translation | Franz Dirlmeier (1904–1977) |
| 20 | Friedrich Dürrenmatt (1921–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel, short story, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 21 | René Étiemble (1909–2002) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, literary criticism, essays | Auguste Haury (1910–2002) |
| 22 | Edward Morgan Forster (1879–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, essays, biography, literary criticism | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 23 | Max Frisch (1911–1991) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 24 | Robert Frost (1874–1963) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 25 | Rómulo Gallegos (1884–1969) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 26 | Jean Giono (1895–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays, poetry, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 27 | Robert Graves (1895–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | history, novel, poetry, literary criticism, essays | Douglas Grant (1885–1951) |
| 28 | Graham Greene (1904–1991) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, autobiography, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 29 | Jean Guéhenno (1890–1978) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, literary criticism | Edmond Jarno (1905–1985) |
| 30 | Jorge Guillén (1893–1984) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, literary criticism | Henri Peyre (1901–1988) |
| 31 | Taha Hussein (1889–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, translation | Charles Pellat (1914–1992) |
| 32 | Aldous Huxley (1894–1963) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays, poetry, screenplay, drama, philosophy | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 33 | Juana de Ibarbourou (1892–1979) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Academia Nacional de Letras |
| 34 | Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (1894–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, drama, translation, short story, novel | Jean Fabre (1904–1975) |
| 35 | Yevgeny Yevtushenko (1932–2017) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, short story, drama, screenplay, essays | Konrad Bittner (1890–1967) |
| 36 | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 37 | Marcel Jouhandeau (1888–1979) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, novel | Jean Gaulmier (1905–1997) |
| 38 | Yasunari Kawabata (1899–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Henry Olsson (1896–1985) |
| 39 | Miroslav Krleža (1893–1981) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, drama, short story, novel, essays | Association of Writers of Yugoslavia |
| 40 | Gertrud von Le Fort (1876–1971) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays, poetry | Friedrich von der Leyen (1873–1966) |
| 41 | Väinö Linna (1920–1992) | Шаблон:Flag | novel | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 42 | Karl Löwith (1897–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy | Franz Dirlmeier (1904–1977) |
| 43 | Salvador de Madariaga (1886–1978) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, history, law, novel | Jean Camp (1891–1968) |
| 44 | André Malraux (1901–1976) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays, literary criticism | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 45 | Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968) | Шаблон:Flag | philology, history | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 46 | Yukio Mishima (1925–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, literary criticism | Johannes Rahder (1898–1988) |
| 47 | Vilhelm Moberg (1898–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, history | Gösta Bergman (1894–1984) |
| 48 | Henry de Montherlant (1895–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, novel, drama | Louis Moulinier (1904–1971) |
| 49 | Alberto Moravia (1907–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, literary criticism, essays, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 50 | Stratis Myrivilis (1890–1969) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | The Greek Authors' Union |
| 51 | Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, short story, poetry, drama, translation, literary criticism, memoir | Robert Martin Adams (1915–1996) |
| 52 | Pablo Neruda (1904–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 53 | Junzaburō Nishiwaki (1894–1982) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, literary criticism | Japan Academy |
| 54 | Seán O'Casey (1880–1964) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, memoir | The English PEN-Club |
| 55 | Rudolf Pfeiffer (1889–1979) | Шаблон:Flag | philology, essays | Will Richter (1910–1984) |
| 56 | Ezra Pound (1885–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Rudolf Sühnel (1907–2007) |
| 57 | Vasco Pratolini (1931–1991) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Paul Renucci (1915–1976) |
| 58 | Henri Queffélec (1910–1992) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, screenplay | Barthélémy-Antonin Taladoire (1907–1976) |
| 59 | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, essays, law | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 60 | Kate Roberts (1891–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays | I. L. Foster (?) |
| 61 | Jules Romains (1885–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, screenplay | Gilbert Highet (1906–1978) |
| 62 | Nelly Sachs (1891–1970) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 63 | Aksel Sandemose (1899–1965) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, essays | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) |
| 64 | Jean-Paul Sartre (1905–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, novel, drama, essays, screenplay | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 65 | Giorgos Seferis (1900–1971) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, memoir, essays | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) |
| 66 | Ramón José Sender (1901–1982) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays | Erik Lindegren (1910–1968) |
| 67 | Léopold Sédar Senghor (1906–2001) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, law, essays | Robert Schilling (1913–2004) |
| 68 | Ignazio Silone (1900–1978) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays, drama | Elias Wessén (1889–1981) |
| 69 | Georges Simenon (1903–1989) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, memoir | Justin O'Brien (1906–1968) |
| 70 | Charles Percy Snow (1905–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays | Friedrich Schubel (1904–1991) |
| 71 | Mikhail Sholokhov (1905–1984) | Шаблон:Flag | novel | Jack Posin (1900–1995) |
| 72 | Jun'ichirō Tanizaki (1886–1965) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Donald Keene (1922–019) |
| 73 | Gustave Thibon (1903–2001) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy | Édouard Delebecque (1910–1990) |
| 74 | Lionel Trilling (1905–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, literary criticism, short story | Charles Warren Everett (1895–1983) |
| 75 | Pietro Ubaldi (1886–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, essays | Academia Santista de Letras |
| 76 | Mika Waltari (1908–1979) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, novel, poetry, drama, essays, screenplay | Aapeli Saarisalo (1896–1986) |
| 77 | Elias Venezis (1904–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | The Greek Authors' Union |
| 78 | Erico Verissimo (1905–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, autobiography, essays, translation | Jean Roche (1901–1992) |
| 79 | Tarjei Vesaas (1897–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 80 | Thornton Wilder (1897–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 81 | Edmund Wilson (1895–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, literary criticism, short story, drama | Joseph Anthony Mazzeo (1923–1998) |
Prize decision
The Nobel committee of the Swedish Academy was unanimous to propose that the prize should be awarded to Giorgos Seferis. Seferis was one of the final three candidates for the prize along with W.H. Auden and Pablo Neruda (awarded in 1971). The permanent secretary of the Swedish Academy and chairman of the Nobel committee Anders Österling felt "that there now was an opportunity to pay a beautiful tribute to modern Hellas, a language area that so far had been waiting too long [to be] honored in this context". The candidacies of Samuel Beckett (awarded in 1969) and Vladimir Nabokov were dismissed by Österling arguing that neither author lived up to the Nobel prize's "ideal intentions". Österling was also hesitant to award Pablo Neruda and the long time candidate Mikhail Sholokhov for political reasons, but both of them were subsequently awarded the prize. Nelly Sachs was nominated for the first time by committee member Karl Ragnar Gierow. While the committee felt that it was too early for her candidacy, Gierow proposed that the poet should be taken into consideration and Sachs was eventually awarded the prize in 1966.[7][5]
Notes
References
External links
Шаблон:Nobel Prize in Literature
- ↑ Nobel Prize in Literature 1963 nobelprize.org
- ↑ Giorgos Seferis – Facts nobelprize.org
- ↑ George Seferis britannica.com
- ↑ Nomination archive – Giorgos Seferis nobelprize.org
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Nomination archive – 1963 nobelprize.org
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
