Английская Википедия:1966 Nobel Prize in Literature
Шаблон:Infobox award The 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature was divided equally between Shmuel Yosef Agnon (1888–1970) "for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people" and Nelly Sachs (1891–1970) "for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength."[1]
It is one of four occasions (1904, 1917, and 1974) when the Nobel Prize in Literature has been shared between two individuals.[2]
Laureates
Shmuel Yosef Agnon
Шаблон:Main Shmuel Agnon was one of the central figures of modern Hebrew literature. His works deal with the conflict of Jewish tradition and language and the modern world. His first works were published when he was a teenager and he immediately gained a reputation. His breakthrough novel was Hakhnāsat kallāh ("The Bridal Cannopy", 1931). After World War II, under the impact of the holocaust, Agnon wrote Ir Umeloah ("A City in its Fullness", 1973), which is a collection of folktales, legends, and chronicles portraying his birth town, Buczacz.[3][4]
Nelly Sachs
Nelly Sachs was a German poet and dramatist whose works deal with the dark fate of the Jewish people in the 20th century. She borrows subjects for her poetry from the Jewish beliefs and mysticism, but her authorship is also strongly colored by Nazi persecution of the Jews, with the horrors of the death camps as its ultimate expression. Sachs' poetry combines echoes from the poetry of ancient religious texts with modernist language. Besides poetry, her writings also include a couple of plays.[5][6] Her best-known collections include In den Wohnungen des Todes ("In the Houses of Death", 1947), Sternverdunkelung ("Eclipse of Stars", 1949), and Flucht und Verwandlung ("Flight and Metamorphosis", 1959).
Deliberations
Nominations
In 1966, the Nobel committee for literature received 99 nominations for 72 individuals including Jean Anouilh, Louis Aragon, W. H. Auden, Samuel Beckett (awarded in 1969), Jorge Luis Borges, Heinrich Böll (awarded in 1972), Alejo Carpentier, René Char, Lawrence Durrell, E. M. Forster, Max Frisch, Robert Graves, Graham Greene, Jorge Guillén, Yasunari Kawabata (awarded in 1968), André Malraux, Harry Martinson (awarded in 1974), Alberto Moravia, Vladimir Nabokov, Pablo Neruda (awarded in 1971), Ezra Pound, Mika Waltari, Tarjei Vesaas and Simon Vestdijk. Ten of the nominees were nominated first-time, among them Pierre-Henri Simon, Witold Gombrowicz, Arnold Wesker, Carlo Emilio Gadda and Günter Grass (awarded in 1999). Three of the nominees were women: Anna Achmatova, Katherine Anne Porter and Nelly Sachs.[7]
The authors Margery Allingham, Hans Christian Branner, Dimitar Dimov, Helga Eng, Svend Fleuron, C. S. Forester, Jean Galtier-Boissière, Mina Loy, Lao She, Kathleen Norris, Frank O'Connor, Frank O'Hara, Brian O'Nolan, Delmore Schwartz, Cordwainer Smith, Daisetsu Teitaro Suzuki, Yórgos Theotokás, Henry Treece, and Marja-Liisa Vartio died in 1966 without having been nominated for the prize. Russian poet Anna Akhmatova died months before the announcement.
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Anna Akhmatova (1889–1966) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 2 | Shmuel Yosef Agnon (1887–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) |
| 3 | Jean Anouilh (1910–1987) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, screenplay, translation | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 4 | Louis Aragon (1897–1982) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, essays | Robert Ricatte (1913–1995) |
| 5 | Alexandre Arnoux (1884–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | screenplay | François Bar (?) |
| 6 | Miguel Ángel Asturias (1899–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, essays, drama | Charles Vincent Aubrun (1906–1993) |
| 7 | Wystan Hugh Auden (1907–1973) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, essays, screenplay | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 8 | Samuel Beckett (1906–1989) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 9 | Johan Borgen (1902–1979) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, literary criticism | Harry Martinson (1904–1978) |
| 10 | Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, translation, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 11 | Henri Bosco (1888–1976) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Louis Guinet (1911–1993) |
| 12 | Heinrich Böll (1917–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | René Wellek (1903–1995) |
| 13 | Alejo Carpentier (1904–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays | Henri Peyre (1901–1988) |
| 14 | René Char (1907–1988) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Georges Blin (1917–2015) |
| 15 | Lawrence Durrell (1912–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, drama, essays | Henry Olsson (1896–1985) |
| 16 | Pierre Emmanuel (1916–1984) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, autobiography | Jacqueline Duchemin (1910–1988) |
| 17 | Edward Morgan Forster (1879–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, essays, biography, literary criticism | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 18 | Max Frisch (1911–1991) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 19 | Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry | Mario Pei (1901–1978) |
| 20 | Rómulo Gallegos (1884–1969) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Andrés Iduarte Foucher (1907–1984) |
| 21 | Hossein Ghods-Nakhai (1911–1977) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Arthur John Arberry (1905–1969) |
| 22 | Jean Giono (1895–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays, poetry, drama | Jean-Jacques Leveque (1931–2012) |
| 23 | Witold Gombrowicz (1904–1969) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, novel, drama | Gunnar Jacobsson (1918–2001) |
| 24 | Günter Grass (1927–2015) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, poetry, essays | Erwin Wolff (1924–2007) |
| 25 | Robert Graves (1895–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | history, novel, poetry, literary criticism, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 26 | Graham Greene (1904–1991) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, autobiography, essays | Kristian Smidt (1916–2013) |
| 27 | Jorge Guillén (1893–1984) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, literary criticism | Henri Peyre (1901–1988) |
| 28 | Leslie Poles Hartley (1895–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays | Geoffrey Tillotson (1905–1969) |
| 29 | Gyula Illyés (1902–1983) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, drama, essays | János Lotz (1913–1973) |
| 30 | Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (1894–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, drama, translation, short story, novel | Jean Fabre (1904–1975) |
| 31 | Marcel Jouhandeau (1888–1979) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, novel | Jean Gaulmier (1905–1997) |
| 32 | Ernst Jünger (1895–1998) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, novel, memoir | Rudolf Till (1911–1979) |
| 33 | Yasunari Kawabata (1899–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) |
| 34 | Miroslav Krleža (1893–1981) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, drama, short story, novel, essays | Gunnar Jacobsson (1918–2001) |
| 35 | Erich Kästner (1899–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, screenplay, autobiography | Werner Betz (1912–1980) |
| 36 | Carlo Levi (1902–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | memoir, novel, short story | Maria Bellonci (1902–1986) |
| 37 | Robert Lowell (1917–1977) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, translation | Eric Bentley (1916–2020) |
| 38 | André Malraux (1901–1976) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays, literary criticism | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 39 | Harry Martinson (1904–1978) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, drama, essays | Alf Önnerfors (1925–2019) |
| 40 | Thierry Maulnier (1909–1988) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, essays, literary criticism | Félix Carrère (?) |
| 41 | Ramón Menéndez Pidal (1869–1968) | Шаблон:Flag | philology, history | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 42 | Vilhelm Moberg (1898–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, history | Gösta Bergman (1894–1984) |
| 43 | Eugenio Montale (1896–1981) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, translation | Uberto Limentani (1913–1989) |
| 44 | Henry de Montherlant (1895–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, novel, drama | Barthélémy-Antonin Taladoire (1907–1976) |
| 45 | Alberto Moravia (1907–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, literary criticism, essays, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 46 | Henri Muller (1902–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, memoir, essays | Pierre Lyautey (1893–1976) |
| 47 | Vladimir Nabokov (1899–1977) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, short story, poetry, drama, translation, literary criticism, memoir | Jacques Guicharnaud (1924–2005) |
| 48 | Pablo Neruda (1904–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 49 | Junzaburō Nishiwaki (1894–1982) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, literary criticism | Naoshirō Tsuji (1899–1979) |
| 50 | Walter Pabst (1907–1992) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, literary criticism | Günther Reichenkron (1907–1966) |
| 51 | Marcel Pagnol (1895–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, memoir, drama, screenplay | Jean Ricci (1933–2011) |
| 52 | Konstantin Paustovsky (1892–1968) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, drama | Karl Ragnar Gierow (1904–1982) |
| 53 | José María Pemán (1897–1981) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, novel, essays, screenplay | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 54 | Katherine Anne Porter (1890–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, essays | Cleanth Brooks (1906–1994) |
| 55 | Ezra Pound (1885–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 56 | John Boynton Priestley (1894–1984) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, screenplay, literary criticism, essays | Archibald Tucker (1904–1980) |
| 57 | Jules Romains (1885–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, screenplay | Yves Gandon (1899–1975) |
| 58 | Nelly Sachs (1891–1970) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, drama | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 59 | Paul Celan (1920–1970) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, translation | Henry Olsson (1896–1985) |
| 60 | Pierre-Henri Simon (1903–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, novel, literary criticism, poetry | Pierre Jonin (1912–1997) |
| 61 | Gustave Thibon (1903–2001) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy | Édouard Delebecque (1910–1990) |
| 62 | Miguel Torga (1907–1995) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, short story, novel, drama, autobiography | Jean-Baptiste Aquarone (1903–1989) |
| 63 | Pietro Ubaldi (1886–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, essays | Academia Santista de Letras |
| 64 | Mika Waltari (1908–1979) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, novel, poetry, drama, essays, screenplay | Manfred Mayrhofer (1926–2011) |
| 65 | Tarjei Vesaas (1897–1970) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 66 | Arnold Wesker (1932–2016) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel, essays | Alistair Campbell (1907–1974) |
| 67 | Simon Vestdijk (1898–1971) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, essays, translation | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 68 | Thornton Wilder (1897–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel, short story | Morton Wilfred Bloomfield (1913–1987) |
| 69 | Edmund Wilson (1895–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, literary criticism, short story, drama | Leon Samuel Roudiez (1917–2004) |
| 70 | Arnold Zweig (1887–1968) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Heinz Mettke (1924–2007) |
| 71 | Arnulf Øverland (1889–1968) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) |
| 72 | Alberto Hidalgo Lobato (1897–1967) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Peruvian Writers Association |
Prize decision
The Nobel committee, a working group within the Swedish Academy, proposed that the 1966 Nobel Prize in Literature should be awarded to the Japanese writer Yasunari Kawabata, but, unconventionally, the 18 members of the Academy did not follow the recommendation and voted for a prize to Agnon and Sachs.[8] A shared prize to the Latin American writers Jorge Luis Borges and Miguel Angel Asturias,[9] and to Nelly Sachs and Paul Celan were proposed.[7]
Award ceremony
In his award ceremony speech on 10 December 1966 Anders Österling of the Swedish Academy said:
References
External links
- Award Ceremony speech nobelprize.org
- List of all nominations nobelprize.org
Шаблон:Nobel Prize in Literature
- ↑ The Nobel Prize in Literature 1966 nobelprize.org
- ↑ Facts on the Nobel Prize in Literature nobelprize.org
- ↑ S.Y. Agnon Britannica.com
- ↑ Shmuel Agnon – Facts nobelprize.org
- ↑ Nelly Sachs Britannica.com
- ↑ Nelly Sachs – Facts nobelprize.org
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Nomination archive 1966 nobelprize.org
- ↑ Kaj Schueler Svenska Akademien körde över Nobelkommittén Svenska Dagbladet 2 January 2017 (in Swedish)
- ↑ Nabokov, Neruda and Borges revealed as losers of 1965 Nobel prize The Guardian 6 January 2016
