Английская Википедия:1966 in spaceflight

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use dmy dates {{Wikipedia:WikiProject Timeline of spaceflight/Cleanup|incomplete=no|refs=yes|date=yes|template=yes|dialect=yes}}

The year 1966 saw the peak and the end of the Gemini program. The program proved that docking in space and human EVA's could be done safely. It saw the first launch of the Saturn IB rocket, an important step in the Apollo program, and the launch of Luna 9, the first spacecraft to make a soft landing on a celestial object (the Moon).

Launches

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January

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February

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March

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April

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May

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June

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July

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August

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September

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October

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November

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December

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Gemini and Apollo launches

Launch Date/Time	Rocket	Launch Site	Launch Contractor	Payload	Operator	Orbit	Mission/ Function	Re-Entry/ Destruction	Outcome	Remarks
16 March 15:00 GMT	Atlas D	LC-14, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	GATV 5003	NASA	LEO	Gemini docking target.	15 September 1967	Successful	Used by Gemini 8 and Gemini 10
16 March 16:41 GMT	Titan II	LC-19, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	Gemini 8, 2 Astronauts	NASA	LEO	Crewed Orbital Flight	17 March 1966	Partial Failure	First docking in space. (with GATV). OAMS malfunction caused loss of control. Spacecraft became low on fuel after recovering. Terminated early.
17 May 15:12 GMT	Atlas D	LC-14, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	GATV 5004	NASA	LEO	Gemini docking target.	17 May 1966	Failure	Failed to reach orbit. Intended for use by Gemini 9
1 June 15:00 GMT	Atlas SLV-3	LC-14, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	ATDA 02186	NASA	LEO	Gemini docking target.	11 June 1966	Failure	Fairing failed to separate Intended for use by Gemini 9A
3 June 16:41 GMT	Titan II	LC-19, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	Gemini 9A, 2 Astronauts	NASA	LEO	Crewed Orbital Flight	6 June 1966	Partial Failure	Unable to complete primary objective - Docking with ATDA - due to ATDA payload fairing malfunction
5 July 14:53 GMT	Saturn IB (C-1B)	LC-37B, Cape Canaveral	NASA	(none)	N/A	N/A	Test launch vehicle	N/A	Successful
18 July 20:39 GMT	Atlas D	LC-14, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	GATV 5005	NASA	LEO	Gemini docking target.	29 December 1966	Successful	Used by Gemini 10
18 July 22:20 GMT	Titan II	LC-19, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	Gemini 10, 2 Astronauts	NASA	LEO	Crewed Orbital Flight	21 July 1966	Successful
25 August 17:15 GMT	Saturn IB (C-1B)	LC-34, Cape Canaveral	NASA	Apollo Spacecraft (AS-202)	NASA	Sub-orbital	Test Apollo Spacecraft and Launch Vehicle	25 August 1966 18:48 GMT	Successful
12 September 13:05 GMT	Atlas D	LC-14, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	GATV 5006	NASA	LEO	Gemini docking target.	30 December 1966	Successful	Used by Gemini 11
12 September 14:42 GMT	Titan II	LC-19, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	Gemini 11, 2 Astronauts	NASA	LEO	Crewed Orbital Flight	15 September 1966	Successful	Altitude record for crewed Earth-Orbit flight
11 November 20:46 GMT	Atlas D	LC-14, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	GATV 5001A	NASA	LEO	Gemini docking target.	23 December 1966	Failure	Failed to ignite. Used by Gemini 12
11 November 20:46 GMT	Titan II	LC-19, Cape Canaveral	US Air Force	Gemini 12, 2 Astronauts	NASA	LEO	Crewed Orbital Flight	15 November 1966	Successful	Final Gemini flight

Deep Space Rendezvous

Date (UTC)	Spacecraft	Event	Remarks
3 February	Luna 9	First lunar landing	in Oceanus Procellarum; first soft landing on a celestial body and first images from lunar surface
27 February	Venera 2	Flyby of Venus	Communication lost en route
1 March	Venera 3	First Venus impact	Communication lost en route
3 April	Luna 10	Selenocentric orbit insertion	first orbiter of the Moon
2 June	Surveyor 1	Lunar landing	in Oceanus Procellarum
14 August	Lunar Orbiter 1	Selenocentric orbit insertion	Returned 211 images
27 August	Luna 11	Selenocentric orbit insertion
23 September	Surveyor 2	Lunar impact	Failed lander, impacted Sinus Medii
25 October	Luna 12	Selenocentric orbit insertion
29 October	Lunar Orbiter 1	Lunar impact
10 November	Lunar Orbiter 2	Selenocentric orbit injection	Returned 184 images
24 December	Luna 13	Lunar landing	in Oceanus Procellarum

EVAs

Start Date/Time	Duration	End Time	Spacecraft	Crew	Remarks
5 June 15:02	2 hours 7 minutes	17:09	Gemini IX-A	Шаблон:FlagiconEugene Cernan	A complex EVA was planned. Cernan expended four to five times the expected effort, raising his pulse as high as 180 beats per minute. Excess heat and respiration completely fogged visor, causing the EVA to be cut short. Cernan also had difficulty returning to spacecraft and closing the hatch.
19 July 21:44	Шаблон:Nowrap	22:33	Gemini X	Шаблон:FlagiconMichael Collins	Collins performed a stand-up EVA. Instead of climbing completely out of the spacecraft, Collins extended his torso outside the spacecraft to take photos before and after capsule sunrise. Color photography after sunrise was only partly completed due to severe eye irritation of both Collins and Command Pilot Young. Handling the camera proved difficult due to stiffness of spacesuit gloves.
20 July 23:01	39 minutes	23:40	Gemini X	Шаблон:FlagiconMichael Collins	Umbilical EVA; with more difficulty than expected, Collins collected the micrometeorite collection package from the outside of Gemini. Then, using the Hand Held Maneuvering Unit, he pushed to the nearby Agena-8 to collect its micrometeorite collection package. Collins then pulled on the umbilical cord to return and re-enter the spacecraft.
13 September 14:44	33 minutes	15:17	Gemini XI	Шаблон:Nowrap	Gordon attached a tether between Gemini and Agena 11 for later orbital mechanics testing. While making the attachment, his work load exceeded the spacesuit cooling system, and his vision became obscured by a fogged visor and sweat in his eyes. Planned activities were curtailed by Command Pilot Conrad and Gordon returned to the spacecraft.
Шаблон:Nowrap 12:49	2 hours 8 minutes	14:57	Gemini XI	Шаблон:FlagiconRichard F. Gordon Jr.	Gordon performed a stand-up EVA. He extended through the hatch to take astronomical photos. Conrad reported the spacewalk was so relaxing they both fell asleep for a moment after sunrise.
12 November 16:15	2 hours 29 minutes	18:44	Gemini XII	Шаблон:FlagiconBuzz Aldrin	Aldrin performed a stand-up EVA. Aldrin stood, took UV still photos and 16 mm color movie pictures, collected external experimental samples, and conducted a light exercise routine.
13 November 15:34	2 hours 6 minutes	17:40	Gemini XII	Шаблон:FlagiconBuzz Aldrin	First completely successful umbilical EVA, with all objectives achieved. Aldrin was able to control his movements and restrict his work load using techniques developed using underwater zero gravity simulations. He also benefited from experiences of the previous American EVAs and was able to move around the outside of the craft, deploy and recover various experimental packages, install and remove cameras, and practice work techniques using a ratchet-type wrench.
14 November 14:52	55 minutes	15:47	Gemini XII	Шаблон:FlagiconBuzz Aldrin	Aldrin performed a second stand-up EVA. He again extended outside the hatch to take photographs and repeat the light exercise experiment. Exertion levels during exercise were comparable to preflight simulations. Equipment and waste food containers not needed for reentry were jettisoned from the spacecraft.

References

Footnotes

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