Английская Википедия:1969 in spaceflight
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Шаблон:Infobox Year in spaceflight Шаблон:TLS-L
1969 saw humanity step onto another world for the first time. On 20 July 1969, the Apollo 11 Lunar Module, Eagle, landed on the Moon's surface with two astronauts aboard. Days later the crew of three returned safely to Earth, satisfying U.S. President John F. Kennedy's 1962 challenge of 25 May 1961, that "this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth."[1][2]
There were four Apollo missions in total in 1969, three of which traveled to the Moon, with Apollo 12 also landing on the surface. The success of the Apollo program was a testament to the efforts of over 500,000 American engineers, scientists and technicians.
In 1969, the Soviet Union's space program had success with the docking of two crewed spacecraft as well as the success of their Venus and Lunar probes. The Soviets, however, suffered severe blows to their crewed Lunar aspirations when their N1 rocket failed twice during two 1969 launches.
Orbital launches
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December
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Suborbital flights
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Launches from the Moon
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Deep-space rendezvous
| Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16 May | Venera 5 | Atmospheric entry in Venus | Atmospheric probe worked for 53 min in the Venerian atmosphere |
| 17 May | Venera 6 | Atmospheric entry in Venus | Atmospheric probe worked for 51 min in the Venerian atmosphere |
| 21 May | Apollo 10 | 31 orbits around the Moon | Altitude ~15,4 km |
| 20 July | Apollo 11 | Moon landing | 22 kg from Mare Tranquillitatis (sample return mission) |
| 21 July | Luna 15 | Moon impact | Impacted at Mare Crisium (sample return mission). Primary mission failed. |
| 5 August | Mariner 6 | Flyby of Mars | Periapsis: 3,412 km. 25 close-up pictures. |
| 5 August | Mariner 7 | Flyby of Mars | Periapsis: 3,543 km. 33 close-up pictures. |
| 11 August | Zond 7 | Circumlunar flight | Periapsis: 1,984 km. |
| 19 November | Apollo 12 | Moon landing | 34 kg from Oceanus Procellarum (sample return mission) |
Extravehicular activities (EVAs)
| Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks
|
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Orbital launch statistics
By country
{{#invoke:Chart|pie chart
| radius = 100 | slices = ( 1 : Europe : mediumblue ) ( 1 : Japan : white ) ( 82 : Soviet Union : brown ) ( 41 : USA : blue ) | units suffix = | hide group legends = true
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| Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:EUR | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Шаблон:JPN | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Шаблон:USSR | 82 | 68 | 14 | 0 | ||
| Шаблон:USA | 41 | 37 | 2 | 2 | ||
| World | 125 | 105 | 18 | 2 | ||
By rocket
By family
| Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlas | Шаблон:USA | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Blue Streak | Шаблон:EUR | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Kosmos | Шаблон:URS | 22 | 20 | 2 | 0 | |
| Lambda | Шаблон:JPN | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| N-1 | Шаблон:URS | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | First flight |
| R-7 | Шаблон:URS | 44 | 43 | 1 | 0 | |
| R-36 | Шаблон:URS | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| Saturn | Шаблон:USA | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Scout | Шаблон:USA | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Thor | Шаблон:USA | 22 | 20 | 2 | 0 | |
| Titan | Шаблон:USA | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | |
| Universal Rocket | Шаблон:URS | 10 | 2 | 8 | 0 |
By type
| Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlas-Agena | Шаблон:USA | Atlas | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas-Centaur | Шаблон:USA | Atlas | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas E/F | Шаблон:USA | Atlas | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta | Шаблон:USA | Thor | 11 | 9 | 2 | 0 | |
| Europa | Шаблон:EUR | Blue Streak | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Kosmos-2 | Шаблон:URS | Kosmos | 15 | 14 | 1 | 0 | |
| Kosmos-3 | Шаблон:URS | Kosmos | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
| Lambda 4 | Шаблон:JPN | Lambda | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Molniya | Шаблон:URS | R-7 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| N-1 | Шаблон:URS | N-1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | First flight |
| Proton | Шаблон:URS | Universal Rocket | 10 | 2 | 8 | 0 | |
| R-36 | Шаблон:URS | R-36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Saturn V | Шаблон:USA | Saturn | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Scout | Шаблон:USA | Scout | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Soyuz | Шаблон:URS | R-7 | 37 | 37 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thor-Burner | Шаблон:USA | Thor | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thorad-Agena | Шаблон:USA | Thor | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
| Titan III | Шаблон:USA | Titan | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | |
| Tsyklon | Шаблон:URS | R-36 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| Vostok | Шаблон:URS | R-7 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
By configuration
| Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Atlas-SLV3A Agena-D | Шаблон:USA | Atlas-Agena | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas SLV-3C Centaur-D | Шаблон:USA | Atlas-Centaur | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas F-OV1 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas E/F | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta C1 | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Last flight |
| Delta E1 | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta L | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First flight |
| Delta M | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
| Delta N | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Europa-1 | Шаблон:EUR | Europa | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Kosmos-2I | Шаблон:URS | Kosmos-2 | 15 | 14 | 1 | 0 | |
| Kosmos-3M | Шаблон:URS | Kosmos-3 | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
| Lambda 4S | Шаблон:JPN | Lambda 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Molniya-M/Blok VL | Шаблон:URS | Molniya | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Last flight |
| Molniya-M/Blok ML | Шаблон:URS | Molniya | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| N1/L3 | Шаблон:URS | N-1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | First flight |
| Proton-K/D | Шаблон:URS | Proton | 10 | 2 | 8 | 0 | |
| R-36O | Шаблон:URS | R-36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Saturn V | Шаблон:USA | Saturn V | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Scout B | Шаблон:USA | Scout | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Soyuz (11A511) | Шаблон:URS | Soyuz | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thor-LV2F Burner-2 | Шаблон:USA | Thor-Burner | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thorad-SLV2G Agena-D | Шаблон:USA | Thorad-Agena | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thorad-SLV2H Agena-D | Шаблон:USA | Thorad-Agena | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | First flight |
| Titan IIIB | Шаблон:USA | Titan III | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | |
| Titan IIIC | Шаблон:USA | Titan III | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tsyklon-2 | Шаблон:URS | Tsyklon | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | First flight |
| Tsyklon-2A | Шаблон:URS | Tsyklon | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Last flight |
| Voskhod (11A57) | Шаблон:URS | Soyuz | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | |
| Vostok-2M | Шаблон:URS | Vostok | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 |
By spaceport
| Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baikonur | Шаблон:URS | 38 | 27 | 11 | 0 | |
| Cape Canaveral | Шаблон:USA | 15 | 13 | 2 | 0 | |
| Kapustin Yar | Шаблон:URS | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kennedy | Шаблон:USA | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Plesetsk | Шаблон:URS | 41 | 38 | 3 | 0 | |
| Kagoshima | Шаблон:JPN | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Vandenberg | Шаблон:USA | 22 | 20 | 0 | 2 | |
| Woomera | Шаблон:AUS | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
By orbit
| Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not Achieved | Accidentally Achieved |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low Earth | 85 | 81 | 3 | 1 | |
| Geosynchronous / transfer | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
| Medium Earth | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
| High Earth | 14 | 7 | 7 | 0 | including highly elliptical and Molniya orbits and Trans Lunar trajectories |
| Heliocentric | 7 | 4 | 3 | 0 |
References
External links
Шаблон:TLS-R
Шаблон:S-start
Шаблон:Succession box
Шаблон:End
Шаблон:TLS-L
Шаблон:Orbital launches in 1969
- ↑ Howard E. McCurdy, et al. "Helpful Lessons From The Space Race." Issues in Science & Technology 27.4 (2011): 19–22. Academic Search Premier. Web. 23 October 2013.
- ↑ "Excerpt from the 'Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs'" NASA. 24 May 2004. 24 May 2015. <https://www.nasa.gov/vision/space/features/jfk_speech_text.html#.VWIGJ0_tmkp Шаблон:Webarchive>.
