Английская Википедия:1972 Nobel Prize in Literature
Шаблон:Infobox award The 1972 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the German author Heinrich Böll (1917–1985) "for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature."[1][2] Böll is the fifth German author to be recipient of the prize.Шаблон:Efn
Laureate
Шаблон:Main article The events of World War II had a significant influence on Heinrich Böll's literature. In his debut novel Der Zug war pünktlich ("The Train Was on Time", 1949) and the short story collection Wanderer, kommst du nach Spa... ("Stranger, Bear Word to the Spartans We...", 1950), he illustrated the folly of war and the pain it causes. Böll published a number of books that critiqued West German society after World War II, such as Gruppenbild mit Dame ("Group Portrait with Lady", 1971). Among his best-known works include Und sagte kein einziges Wort ("And Never Said a Word", 1953), Ansichten eines Clowns ("The Clowns", 1963), and Die verlorene Ehre der Katharina Blum ("The Lost Honour of Katharina Blum", 1974).[3][4]
Deliberations
Nominations
In 1972, the Swedish Academy received nominations for 100 individuals. Böll started earning nominations for the Nobel Prize in Literature since 1960. In total, he received 29 nominations with the highest number in 1972 which eventually led to his awarding.[5]
Twenty-seven authors were newly nominated such as Philip Roth, Norman Mailer, Bernard Malamud, Nadine Gordimer (awarded in 1991), V. S. Naipaul (awarded in 2001), Francis Stuart, Doris Lessing (awarded in 2007), Alan Paton, Astrid Lindgren, Anthony Burgess, and Sri Chinmoy. The most number of nominations was for the British-American poet W. H. Auden with 10 nominations. The oldest nominee was Compton Mackenzie (aged 89) and the youngest was Philip Roth (aged 39). The Polish-born American poet Jacob Glatstein and Indian novelist Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay were nominated posthumously by Moshe Starkman (1906–1975) and the Academy's Nobel Committee respectively. Five of the nominees were women namely Nadine Gordimer, Doris Lessing, Astrid Lindgren, Anna Seghers, and Marie Under.[6][7]
The authors Natalie Clifford Barney, John Berryman, Victor Bridges, Fredric Brown, Américo Castro, Michał Choromański, Richard Church, Cecil Day-Lewis, R. F. Delderfield, Jacques Deval, Robert Faesi, Abraham Joshua Heschel, Ernestine Hill, Helen Hoyt, Vera Inber, Norah Lange, Violette Leduc, Laurence Manning, José Nucete Sardi, Kenneth Patchen, Betty Smith, Edgar Snow, Violet Trefusis, Mark Van Doren, and Ivan Yefremov died in 1972 without having been nominated for the prize.
| No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Said Akl (1911–2014) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, philosophy, drama | Association of Cultural Clubs in Lebanon |
| 2 | Tawfiq al-Hakim (1898–1987) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, essays, short story, biography | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 3 | Edward Albee (1928–2016) | Шаблон:Flag | drama | Dieter Schaller (1929–2003) |
| 4 | Jorge Amado (1912–2001) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Marcos Almir Madeira (1916–2003) |
| 5 | Louis Aragon (1897–1982) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, essays | Jean Gaudon (1926–2019) |
| 6 | Wystan Hugh Auden (1907–1973) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, essays, screenplay | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 7 | Riccardo Bacchelli (1891–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, essays | Beniamino Segre (1903–1977) |
| 8 | Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay (1898–1971) (posthumous nomination) |
Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, essays, autobiography, songwriting | Nobel Committee |
| 9 | Saul Bellow (1915–2005) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, short story, memoir, essays | Elsie Patton (?) |
| 10 | Louis Paul Boon (1912–1979) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays, short story, poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 11 | Jorge Luis Borges (1899–1986) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, translation, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 12 | Luis Buñuel (1900–1983) | Шаблон:Flag | screenplay | Lars Forssell (1928–2007) |
| 13 | Anthony Burgess (1917–1993) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, drama, screenplay, autobiography, biography, essays, literary criticism, translation |
Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) |
| 14 | Heinrich Böll (1917–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 15 | Michel Butor (1926–2016) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, essays, translation | Leon Samuel Roudiez (1917–2004) |
| 16 | Elias Canetti (1905–1994) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, drama, memoir, essays | Keith Spalding (1913–2002) |
| 17 | Aimé Césaire (1913–2008) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, essays | Lassi Nummi (1928–2012) |
| 18 | André Chamson (1900–1983) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 19 | René Char (1907–1988) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Henri Peyre (1901–1988) |
| 20 | Suniti Kumar Chatterji (1890–1977) | Шаблон:Flag | essays, pedagogy, literary criticism | Pratul Chandra Gupta (1910–1990) |
| 21 | Sri Chinmoy (1931–2007) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, drama, short story, essays, songwriting | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 22 | Austin Clarke (1896–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, novel, memoirs | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 23 | Fazıl Hüsnü Dağlarca (1914–2008) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Yaşar Nabi Nayır (1908–1981) |
| 24 | Denis de Rougemont (1906–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, essays | Suzanne Deriex (b. 1926) |
| 25 | Friedrich Dürrenmatt (1921–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel, short story, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 26 | Odysseas Elytis (1911–1996) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, translation | Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) |
| 27 | Rabbe Enckell (1903–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | short story, poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 28 | Salvador Espriu (1913–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel, poetry | Antoni Comas i Pujol (1931–1981) |
| 29 | Max Frisch (1911–1991) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama | Elisabet Hermodsson (1927–2017) |
| 30 | Romain Gary (1914–1980) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, essays, literary criticism, screenplay | Walther Hinz (1906–1992) |
| 31 | Jacob Glatstein (1896–1971) (posthumous nomination) |
Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, essays, literary criticism | Moshe Starkman (1906–1975) |
| 32 | William Golding (1911–1993) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, drama, essays | Nobel Committee |
| 33 | Nadine Gordimer (1923–2014) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essay, drama | Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) |
| 34 | Julien Gracq (1910–2007) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, poetry, essays | Georges Matoré (1908–1998) |
| 35 | Günter Grass (1927–2015) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, poetry, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 36 | Julien Green (1900–1998) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, autobiography, essays | Johannes Edfelt (1904–1997) |
| 37 | Graham Greene (1904–1991) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, autobiography, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 38 | Paavo Haavikko (1931–2008) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, essays | Lassi Nummi (1928–2012) |
| 39 | William Heinesen (1900–1991) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, short story, novel | Harald Noreng (1913–2006) |
| 40 | Joseph Heller (1923–1999) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, screenplay | Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) |
| 41 | Vladimír Holan (1905–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Nobel Committee |
| 42 | Taha Hussein (1889–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, translation | Ibrāhīm Madkūr (1902–1995) |
| 43 | Gyula Illyés (1902–1983) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, drama, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 44 | Eugène Ionesco (1909–1994) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
drama, essays | Johannes Söderlind (1918–2001) |
| 45 | Roman Jakobson (1896–1982) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
essays | Jean Dubois (1920–2015) |
| 46 | Eyvind Johnson (1900–1976) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Файл:Nobel prize winner.svg Pär Lagerkvist (1891–1974) |
| 47 | Ferenc Juhász (1928–2015) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) |
| 48 | Erich Kästner (1899–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, screenplay, autobiography | Johann Maier (1933–2019) |
| 49 | Miroslav Krleža (1893–1981) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry, drama, short story, novel, essays | Nobel Committee |
| 50 | Manbohdan Lal (?) | Шаблон:Flag | Udai Narain Tewari (?) | |
| 51 | Philip Larkin (1922–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, essays | Jørgen Læssøe (1924–1993) |
| 52 | Siegfried Lenz (1926–2014) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, essays, drama | Nobel Committee |
| 53 | Doris Lessing (1919–2013) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, memoirs, drama, poetry, essays | Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) |
| 54 | Saunders Lewis (1893–1985) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays, history, literary criticism | John Ellis Caerwyn Williams (1912–1999) |
| 55 | Lin Yutang (1895–1976) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, philosophy, essays, translation | Peng Yao (?) |
| 56 | Astrid Lindgren (1907–2002) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, screenplay | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 57 | Väinö Linna (1920–1992) | Шаблон:Flag | novel | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 58 | Stanislaus Lynch (1907–1983) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Desmond Clarke (1907–1979) |
| 59 | Compton Mackenzie (1883–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, poetry, history, biography, essays, literary criticism, memoirs |
Norman Jeffares (1920–2005) |
| 60 | Hugh MacLennan (1907–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays | Lawrence Lande (1906–1998) |
| 61 | Harold Macmillan (1894–1986) | Шаблон:Flag | history, essays, memoirs | Carl Becker (1925–1973) |
| 62 | Norman Mailer (1923–2007) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, essays, biography, drama, screenplay | Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) |
| 63 | Bernard Malamud (1914–1986) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Lars Gyllensten (1921–2006) |
| 64 | André Malraux (1901–1976) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays, literary criticism | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 65 | Frederick Manfred (1912–1994) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 66 | Gabriel Marcel (1889–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | philosophy, drama | Charles Dédéyan (1910–2003) |
| 67 | Gustave Lucien Martin-Saint-René (1888–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, essays, literary criticism, drama, songwriting, short story | Henri Guiter (1909–1994) |
| 68 | Harry Martinson (1904–1978) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, drama, essays | Файл:Nobel prize winner.svg Pär Lagerkvist (1891–1974) |
| 69 | László Mécs (1895–1978) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Watson Kirkconnell (1895–1977) |
| 70 | Veijo Meri (1928–2015) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, essays | Osmo Hormia (1926–1983) |
| 71 | Vilhelm Moberg (1898–1973) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, history | Harald Noreng (1913–2006) |
| 72 | Eugenio Montale (1896–1981) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, translation | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 73 | Alberto Moravia (1907–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, literary criticism, essays, drama | Jacques Robichez (1914–1999) |
| 74 | Sławomir Mrożek (1930–2013) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, essays | A. Ojala (?) |
| 75 | Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul (1932–2018) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, short story, essays | Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) |
| 76 | Mikhail Naimy (1889–1988) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, short story, novel, autobiography, literary criticism | Joseph Bassila (?) |
| 77 | Pak Dujin (1916–1998) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Baek Cheol (1908–1985) |
| 78 | Alan Paton (1903–1988) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, autobiography, essays | Astley Cooper Partridge (1901–?) |
| 79 | José María Pemán (1897–1981) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, novel, essays, screenplay | Juan de Contreras y López de Ayala (1893–1978) |
| 80 | Ezra Pound (1885–1972) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Hans Galinsky (1909–1991) |
| 81 | Pandelis Prevelakis (1909–1986) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, poetry, drama, essays | Kariophilēs Mētsakēs (1932–2013) |
| 82 | Henri Queffélec (1910–1992) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, screenplay | Edmond Jarno (1905–1985) |
| 83 | Evaristo Ribera Chevremont (1890–1976) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 84 | Yannis Ritsos (1909–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, songwriting | Per Wästberg (b. 1933) |
| 85 | Philip Roth (1933–2018) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, memoirs, essays | Artur Lundkvist (1906–1991) |
| 86 | Georges Schéhadé (1905–1989) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama, novel | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 87 | Arno Schmidt (1914–1979) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, biography, essays | Nobel Committee |
| 88 | Anna Seghers (1900–1983) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 89 | Léopold Sédar Senghor (1906–2001) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, essays | Lassi Nummi (1928–2012) |
| 90 | Claude Simon (1913–2005) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, essays | Nobel Committee |
| 91 | Zaharia Stancu (1902–1974) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, novel, philosophy, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 92 | Francis Stuart (1902–2000) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, poetry, essays | Desmond Clarke (1907–1979) |
| 93 | Abraham Sutzkever (1913–2010) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
poetry | Joseph Leftwich (1892–1984) |
| 94 | Marie Under (1883–1980) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry | Lassi Nummi (1928–2012) |
| 95 | Gerard Walschap (1898–1989) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, drama, essays | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 96 | Patrick White (1912–1990) | Шаблон:Flag | novel, short story, drama, poetry, autobiography | Шаблон:Unbulleted list |
| 97 | Elie Wiesel (1928–2016) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
novel, memoirs, essays, drama | André Neher (1914–1988) |
| 98 | Thornton Wilder (1897–1975) | Шаблон:Flag | drama, novel, short story | Wolfgang Clemen (1909–1990) |
| 99 | Vũ Hoàng Chương (1915–1976) | Шаблон:Flag | poetry, drama | Thanh Lãng (1924–1978) |
| 100 | Aaron Zeitlin (1898–1973) | Шаблон:Flag Шаблон:Flag |
drama, short story, essays, literary criticism | Moshe Starkman (1906–1975) |
Prize decision
Heinrich Böll had been considered for the prize by the Nobel committee since the first time he was nominated in 1960. The publication of Gruppenbild mit Dame in 1971, a year when Böll was not nominated for the prize, is believed to have strengthened his candidacy, and in 1972 the Nobel committee proposed that Böll should be awarded the prize. The other final candidates were Günter Grass, Eugenio Montale and Patrick White. A shared prize between Böll and Grass was proposed but rejected by the committee.[8]
Nobel lecture
Böll delivered a Nobel lecture entitled An Essay on the Reason of Poetry on May 2, 1973 at the Swedish Academy.[9] In his lecture, he said: Шаблон:Quote
Notes
References
External links
- Award Ceremony speech by Karl Ragnar Gierow nobelprize.org
- Press release nobelprize.org
- Nobel diploma nobelprize.org
Шаблон:Nobel Prize in Literature Шаблон:1972 Nobel Prize winners
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Heinrich Böll – Facts nobelprize.org
- ↑ Heinrich Böll britannica.com
- ↑ Nomination archive – Heinrich Böll nobelprize.org
- ↑ Nomination archive – 1972 nobelprize.org
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ 1972 Nobel lecture nobelprize.org
