Английская Википедия:1975 Australian federal election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Australian English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox election The 1975 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 13 December 1975. All 127 seats in the House of Representatives and all 64 seats in the Senate were up for election, due to a double dissolution.

Malcolm Fraser had been commissioned as caretaker prime minister following the dismissal of Gough Whitlam's three-year-old Labor government by Governor-General Sir John Kerr, on 11 November 1975. The same day, Fraser advised an immediate double dissolution, in accordance with Kerr's stipulated conditions (see 1975 Australian constitutional crisis).

The Coalition of Fraser's Liberal Party of Australia and Doug Anthony's National Country Party secured government in its own right, winning the largest majority government to date in Australian history.Шаблон:Efn The Liberals actually won a majority in their own right, with 68 seats–the first time that the main non-Labor party had done so since adopting the Liberal banner in 1944. Although Fraser had no need for the support of the National Country Party, the Coalition was retained. It was also the first time a party won over 90 seats at an Australian election. This was the last federal election the Coalition won more than 50% of the primary vote.

Labor suffered a 30-seat swing and saw its lower house caucus cut almost in half, to 36 seats—fewer than it had when Whitlam became leader in the aftermath of the Coalition landslide nearly 10 years earlier, in the 1966 election. With only 28% of the House of Representatives seats, this is the worst seat share for Labor since the current Liberal-Labor party contest from 1946.

Results

House of Representatives results

Файл:Australian House of Representatives elected members, 1975.svg

Government (91)
Coalition
Шаблон:Color box Liberal (68)
Шаблон:Color box NCP (22)
Шаблон:Color box CLP (1)

Opposition (36)
Шаблон:Color box Labor (36)
Шаблон:Notelist

House of Reps (IRV) – 1975–77—Turnout 95.39% (CV) – Informal 1.89%

Файл:1975 Australian House.svg

Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats	Change
	Liberal–NCP coalition		4,102,078	53.05	+7.32	91	+30
	Шаблон:Australian party style |	Liberal	3,232,159	41.80	+6.85	68	+28
	Шаблон:Australian party style |	National CountryШаблон:Pad	853,943	11.04	+0.28	22	+1
	Шаблон:Australian party style |	Country Liberal	15,976	0.21	+0.21	1	+1
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Labor		3,313,004	42.84	−6.46	36	−30
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Democratic Labor		101,750	1.32	−0.10	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Workers		60,130	0.78	+0.78	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Liberal Movement		49,484	0.64	–0.14	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Australia		33,630	0.43	−1.89	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Communist		9,393	0.12	+0.11	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Independent		63,109	0.82	+0.42	0	0
	Total		7,732,578			127
Two-party-preferred Шаблон:Nobold
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Liberal–NCP coalition		Win	55.70	+7.40	91	+30
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Labor			44.30	−7.40	36	−30

Senate results

Файл:Australian Senate elected members, 1975.svg

Government (35)
Coalition
Шаблон:Color box Liberal (26)
Шаблон:Color box NCP (8)
Шаблон:Color box CLP (1)

Opposition (27)
Шаблон:Color box Labor (27)

Crossbench (2)
Шаблон:Color box Liberal Movement (1)
Шаблон:Color box Independent (1)
Шаблон:Notelist

Senate (STV) – 1975–77—Turnout 95.39% (CV) – Informal 9.10%

Файл:1975 Australian Senate.svg

Party			Votes	%	Swing	Seats won	Seats held	Change
	Liberal–NCP coalition (total)		3,706,989	51.74	+7.85	35	35	+6
		Liberal–NCP joint ticket	2,855,721	39.86	+5.09	17	*	*
	Шаблон:Australian party style |	Liberal	793,772	11.08	+3.26	16	26	+3
	Шаблон:Australian party style |	National Country	41,977	0.59	−0.71	1	8	+2
	Шаблон:Australian party style |	Country Liberal	15,519	0.22	+0.22	1	1	+1
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Labor		2,931,310	40.91	−6.38	27	27	−2
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Democratic Labor		191,049	2.67	−0.89	0	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Liberal Movement		76,426	1.07	+0.11	1	1	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Workers		62,385	0.87	+0.87	0	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Family Movement		45,658	0.64	+0.64	0	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Australia		34,632	0.48	–0.91	0	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	United Tasmania		1,227	0.02	–0.01	0	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Socialist		727	0.01	+0.01	0	0	0
Шаблон:Australian party style |	Independents		114,310	1.60	–0.52	1	1	0
	Total		7,164,713			64	64	+4

Notes

• Independent: Brian Harradine (Tasmania)

Seats changing hands

Seat	Pre-1975				Swing	Post-1975
	Party		Member	Margin		Margin	Member	Party
Barton, NSW	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Len Reynolds	5.1	10.0	4.9	Jim Bradfield	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Bowman, Qld	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Len Keogh	1.3	8.4	7.1	David Jull	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Braddon, Tas	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Ron Davies	4.8	8.6	3.8	Ray Groom	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Brisbane, Qld	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Manfred Cross	1.1	5.0	3.9	Peter Johnson	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Canberra, ACT	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Kep Enderby	7.1	10.4	3.3	John Haslem	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Capricornia, Qld	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Doug Everingham	4.9	5.0	0.1	Colin Carige	National Country	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Casey, Vic	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Race Mathews	1.5	9.0	7.5	Peter Falconer	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Cook, NSW	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Ray Thorburn	0.5	8.3	7.8	Don Dobie	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Dawson, Qld	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Rex Patterson	0.6	4.2	3.6	Ray Braithwaite	National Country	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Denison, Tas	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	John Coates	2.8	7.7	4.9	Michael Hodgman	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Diamond Valley, Vic	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	David McKenzie	0.7	9.8	9.1	Neil Brown	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Eden-Monaro, NSW	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Bob Whan	0.1	5.6	5.5	Murray Sainsbury	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Evans, NSW	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Allan Mulder	4.9	6.9	2.0	John Abel	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Franklin, Tas	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Ray Sherry	12.9	14.7	1.8	Bruce Goodluck	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Henty, Vic	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Joan Child	1.5	6.7	5.2	Ken Aldred	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Holt, Vic	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Max Oldmeadow	6.9	8.5	1.6	William Yates	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Isaacs, Vic	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Gareth Clayton	0.6	7.5	6.9	David Hamer	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Kalgoorlie, WA	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Fred Collard	2.1	6.3	4.3	Mick Cotter	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Kingston, SA	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Richard Gun	6.1	12.7	6.6	Grant Chapman	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
La Trobe, Vic	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Tony Lamb	4.6	8.9	4.3	Marshall Baillieu	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Leichhardt, Qld	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Bill Fulton	3.3	5.7	2.4	David Thomson	National Country	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Macarthur, NSW	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	John Kerin	4.4	8.5	4.1	Michael Baume	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Macquarie, NSW	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Tony Luchetti	8.7	10.3	1.6	Reg Gillard	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
McMillan, Vic	Шаблон:Australian party style|	National Country	Arthur Hewson	N/A	2.1	6.7	Barry Simon	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Perth, WA	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Joe Berinson	8.2	9.0	0.8	Ross McLean	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Phillip, NSW	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Joe Riordan	4.5	7.1	2.6	Jack Birney	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
St George, NSW	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Bill Morrison	5.8	5.8	0.0	Maurice Neil	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Swan, WA	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	Adrian Bennett	5.6	7.7	2.1	John Martyr	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|
Tangney, WA	Шаблон:Australian party style|	Labor	John Dawkins	3.1	9.7	6.6	Peter Richardson	Liberal	Шаблон:Australian party style|

• Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election.

Issues and significance

Файл:1975 Election Australia Gallagher Index.png

The Gallagher Index result: 14.19

The election followed the controversial dismissal of the Whitlam government by Governor-General Sir John Kerr in the 1975 constitutional crisis. Labor campaigners hoped that the electorate would "maintain [its] rage" and punish the Coalition for its part in bringing down the government, proclaiming "Shame Fraser, Shame". However, the Coalition focused on economic issues following the 1973 oil crisis and 1973–75 recession, the so-called Loans Affair, alleged Labor mismanagement of inflation, and campaigned under the slogan "Turn on the lights, Australia" (drawing on a contemporary cynicism: "Would the last businessman leaving Australia please turn out the lights?").

The Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory received an entitlement to elect two senators each as a consequence of the Senate (Representation of Territories) Act 1973, passed during the 1974 Joint Sitting of the Australian Parliament.

The election was a highly significant one. The Coalition won a landslide victory and gained 30 seats from Labor. The Coalition had a higher two-party-preferred vote in every state and territory, even the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). This is the first time such a feat has been achieved. The ACT was the only jurisdiction where Labor had a higher primary vote than the Coalition. Furthermore, it was the first time a party won 90 or more seats in an Australian legislature, the largest majority government in Australian history and the second-highest number won at any election in Australian history. The Coalition won 91 seats in the House of Representatives, while Labor won just 36, its lowest seat count since 1940 (under John Curtin). The Coalition would then go on to win 96 seats in 1996 (under John Howard) and 90 in 2013 (under Tony Abbott). Although Howard won three more seats than Fraser, the House of Representatives had 148 seats in 1996, while it only had 127 in 1975; additionally, in 2013 there was 150 and currently there is 151. Therefore, this was still the largest majority government in Australian history.

See also

• Candidates of the Australian federal election, 1975
• Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1975–1977
• Members of the Australian Senate, 1975–1978

References

• AustralianPolitics.com 1975 election details
• University of WA Шаблон:Webarchive election results in Australia since 1890
• AEC 2PP vote