Английская Википедия:1975 in science
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The year 1975 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Astronomy and space exploration
- April 19 – Aryabhata, India's first satellite, is launched using Soviet boosters.
- July 17 – Apollo–Soyuz Test Project: An American Apollo and a Soviet Soyuz spacecraft dock with each other in orbit marking the first such link-up between spacecraft from the two nations.
- August 20 – Viking program: NASA launches the Viking 1 planetary probe toward Mars.
Biology
- August 7 – César Milstein and Georges Köhler report their discovery of how to use hybridoma cells to isolate monoclonal antibodies, effectively beginning the history of monoclonal antibody use in science.[1][2]
- Living specimens of the Chacoan Peccary (Catagonus wagneri), previously known only from fossils, are identified in Paraguay.[3]
Climatology
- August 8 – The term global warming is probably first used in its modern sense by Wallace Smith Broecker.[4][5][6]
Computer science
- January – Altair 8800 is released, sparking the era of the microcomputer.
- March 5 – Hackers in Silicon Valley hold the first meeting of the Homebrew Computer Club.
- April 4 – Bill Gates and Paul Allen form a company at this time called Micro Soft in Albuquerque, New Mexico, to develop and sell BASIC interpreter software for the Altair 8800.
- The MOS Technology 6502 is introduced. An 8-bit microprocessor that was designed by a small team led by Chuck Peddle for MOS Technology. It was, by a considerable margin, the least expensive full-featured microprocessor on the market.
Mathematics
- Benoit Mandelbrot coins the term fractal.
- The Harada–Norton group is discovered.[7][8]
- John N. Mather and Richard McGehee prove that for the Newtonian collinear four-body problem there exist solutions which become unbounded in a finite time interval.[9][10][11]
- The Monty Hall problem in probability is first posed, by Steve Selvin.[12][13]
Medicine
- Lyme disease first recognised at Lyme, Connecticut.
- Mini–mental state examination (MMSE) or Folstein test introduced to screen for dementia or other cognitive dysfunction.[14]
Technology
- Steven Sasson of Eastman Kodak in the United States produces the first self-contained (portable) digital camera.
Awards
- Nobel Prizes
- Turing Award – Allen Newell, Herbert A. Simon
Births
- May 31 - Simon Gatenby, Chemical physics
- July 11 – Naomi McClure-Griffiths, American-born astrophysicist.
- July 17 – Terence Tao, Australian-born mathematician.
- November 14 – Martin Hairer, Swiss-born Austrian-British mathematician.
- Catherine A. Lozupone, American microbiologist.
Deaths
- February 8 – Sir Robert Robinson b. 1886), British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
- February 10 – Elizabeth Kozlova (b. 1892), Russian ornithologist
- February 14 – Sir Julian Huxley (b. 1887), English biologist and author.
- April 19 – Percy Lavon Julian (b. 1899), African American research chemist.
- May 14 – Ernst Alexanderson (b. 1878), Swedish American television pioneer.
- May 18 – Christopher Strachey (b. 1916), English computer scientist.
- June 8 – Douglas Guthrie (b. 1885), Scottish otolaryngologist and medical historian.
- June 27 – Sir Geoffrey Taylor (b. 1886), English physicist.
- September 5 – Alice Catherine Evans (b. 1881), American microbiologist.
- October 10 – August Dvorak (b. 1894), American educational psychologist.
- October 23 – Gordon Hamilton Fairley (b. 1930), British oncologist.
- November – Priscilla Fairfield Bok (b. 1896), American astronomer.
- November 19 – Tokushichi Mishima (b. 1893), Japanese inventor and metallurgist.
- December 13 – Mary Locke Petermann (b. 1908), American cellular biochemist.
- December 28 – Frances McConnell-Mills (b. 1900), American toxicologist.
References
