Английская Википедия:1977 Jammu and Kashmir Legislative Assembly election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Indian English Шаблон:Infobox election

Elections for the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir were held over June 1977,[1] which are generally regarded as the first 'free and fair' elections in the state.Шаблон:Sfn Jammu & Kashmir National Conference, newly revived from the former Plebiscite Front, won an overwhelming majority and re-elected Sheikh Abdullah as the Chief Minister.[2]

Background

After reaching the 1974 Indira-Sheikh accord, Sheikh Abdullah was elected as the Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir by the ruling Indian National Congress party in the state legislature (which had in fact been the original National Conference founded by Abdullah in 1930s but merged into Congress before the 1967 elections). Abdullah remained in power during the National Emergency imposed by Indira Gandhi in 1975. After the Emergency was lifted, the Janata Party came to power in the Centre in the 1977 general election.Шаблон:Sfn

Elections were called for the state Legislative Assembly in June 1977. Sheikh Abdullah now revived the National Conference from the erstwhile Plebiscite Front. The National Conference and Congress met head-on as equals, the first time such an electoral contest occurred since the State's Accession in 1947. The Prime Minister Morarji Desai (of the Janata Party) took steps to strengthen security in the state and declared that any rigging would be severely punished. This had a 'salutary effect' in the political atmosphere in the state witnessing its first 'free and fair' election.[3]

The revival of the National Conference was greeted with great enthusiasm in the Kashmir Valley. In the words of Kashmiri, "the entire valley was red with N. C. flags. Every house and every market stood decorated with bunting."Шаблон:Sfn

Results

The National Conference won the majority in the Assembly with 47 of the 76 seats.Шаблон:Sfn Whereas it won 40 of the 42 seats in the Kashmir Valley, it was able to win only 7 seats out of 32 in the Jammu province.Шаблон:Sfn

The Indian National Congress (former National Conference, which had been in power since the State's accession) was reduced to third place, winning 11 seats in Jammu and none in the Valley.Шаблон:Sfn

The Janata Party (which had incorporated the former Jammu Praja Parishad) won 13 seats, its best performance so far. In addition to 11 seats in Jammu, it won 2 seats in the Valley for the first time.Шаблон:Sfn

Also significant is the fact that Jamaat-e-Islami won only one seat, down from 5 seats in the previous Assembly.Шаблон:Sfn

Шаблон:Election results

Elected members

Constituency Reserved for
(SC/None)
Member Party
Karnah None Ghulam Qadir Mir Шаблон:Full party name with color
Handwara None Abdul Gani Lone Шаблон:Full party name with color
Langet None Mohammad Sultan Ganai Шаблон:Full party name with color
Kupwara None Assad Ullah Shah Шаблон:Full party name with color
Bandipora None Mohamad Khalil Шаблон:Full party name with color
Sonawari None Abdul Aziz Parry Шаблон:Full party name with color
Pattan None Abdul Rashid Shaheen Шаблон:Full party name with color
Gulmarg None Mohmad Akbar Lone Шаблон:Full party name with color
Sangrama None Ghulam Rasool Шаблон:Full party name with color
Sopore None Syed Ali Shah Geelani Шаблон:Full party name with color
Refibad None Mohammad Dillawar Mir Шаблон:Full party name with color
Baramulla None Ghulam Ud Din Shah Шаблон:Full party name with color
Uri None Mohd. Shafi Шаблон:Full party name with color
Kangan None Bashir Ahmad Шаблон:Full party name with color
Ganderbal None Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah Шаблон:Full party name with color
Hazaratbal None Hissa Ud Din Шаблон:Full party name with color
Amirakadal None Gulam Mohi Ud Din Shah Шаблон:Full party name with color
Habakadal None Ghulam Mohammad Butt Шаблон:Full party name with color
Zainakadal None Molvi Mohd. Yasin Hamdani Шаблон:Full party name with color
Idgah None Abdul Rashid Kabli Шаблон:Full party name with color
Zadibal None Ghulam Ahmad Shunthoo Шаблон:Full party name with color
Nagin None Abdus Samad Teli Шаблон:Full party name with color
Beerwah None Ahmad Saeed Шаблон:Full party name with color
Khan Sahib None Hakim Mohammed Yasin Shah Шаблон:Full party name with color
Badgam None Ghulam Hussain Geelani Шаблон:Full party name with color
Chadura None Abdul Samad Mir Шаблон:Full party name with color
Chari Sharif None Abdul Rahim Rather Шаблон:Full party name with color
Pulwama None Mohammad Ibrahim Dar Шаблон:Full party name with color
Pampore None Malik Mohi Ud Din Шаблон:Full party name with color
Tral None Mohd. Subhan Bhat Шаблон:Full party name with color
Wachi None Ghulam Qadir Wani Шаблон:Full party name with color
Shopian None Sheikh Modh. Mansoor Шаблон:Full party name with color
Noorabad None Walimohd Itoo Шаблон:Full party name with color
Devsar None Ghulam Nabi Kochak Шаблон:Full party name with color
Kulgam None Ghulam Nabi Dar Шаблон:Full party name with color
Homshalibug None Abdul Salam Deva Шаблон:Full party name with color
Pahalgam None Piyaree Lal Handoo Шаблон:Full party name with color
Bijbehara None Agdul Gani Shah Шаблон:Full party name with color
Anantnag None Mirza Mohd Afzal Beg Шаблон:Full party name with color
Shawngas None Mohd. Ashraf Khan Шаблон:Full party name with color
Kokernag None Malik Ghulam Ud Din Шаблон:Full party name with color
Doru None Haji Abdul Gani Khan Шаблон:Full party name with color
Leh None Sonam Narboo Шаблон:Full party name with color
Kargil None Munshi Habibullah Шаблон:Full party name with color
Kishtwar None Bashir Ahmed Kichloo Шаблон:Full party name with color
Inderwal None Ghulam Mohd Sheikh Шаблон:Full party name with color
Bhadarwah SC Narain Dass Шаблон:Full party name with color
Doda None Gulam Qadir Wani Шаблон:Full party name with color
Ramban None Prem Nath Шаблон:Full party name with color
Banihal None Molvi Abdul Rashid Шаблон:Full party name with color
Gulabgarh None Haji Buland Khan Шаблон:Full party name with color
Reasi None Rishi Kumar Kaushal Шаблон:Full party name with color
Udhampur None Shiv Charan Шаблон:Full party name with color
Chenani Ghordi None Bhim Singh Шаблон:Full party name with color
Ramnagar SC Prithvi Chand Шаблон:Full party name with color
Samba None Dhayan Singh Шаблон:Full party name with color
Bari Brahminan SC Gurbachan Kumari Шаблон:Full party name with color
Bishna SC Parma Nand Шаблон:Full party name with color
Ranbir Singh Pura None Janak Raj Шаблон:Full party name with color
Jammu Cantonment None Parduman Singh Шаблон:Full party name with color
Jammu West None Harbans Lal Bhagotra Шаблон:Full party name with color
Jammu East None Ram Nath Bhalgotra Шаблон:Full party name with color
Jandrah Gharota None Dhan Raj Шаблон:Full party name with color
Marh SC Tulsi Ram Шаблон:Full party name with color
Akhnoor None Dharam Pal Шаблон:Full party name with color
Chhamb None Ram Nath Шаблон:Full party name with color
Basohli None Mangat Ram Шаблон:Full party name with color
Bhillawar None Dhian Singh Шаблон:Full party name with color
Kathua SC Dhain Chand Шаблон:Full party name with color
Hiranagar None Girdhari Lal Dogra Шаблон:Full party name with color
Nowshera None Beli Ram Шаблон:Full party name with color
Darhal None Mohd. Hussain Шаблон:Full party name with color
Rajouri None Talib Hussain Шаблон:Full party name with color
Suran None Mohd. Aslam Шаблон:Full party name with color
Mendhar None Rafiq Hissain Khan Шаблон:Full party name with color
Haveli None Ghulam Ahmed Шаблон:Full party name with color

Government formation

Sheikh Abdullah was sworn in as the Chief Minister of the State following the election. Mirza Afzal Beg was sworn in as the Deputy Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir .

By the end of the 1970s, the seventy-year-old Sheikh Abdullah anointed his son Farooq Abdullah as his successor. Following Sheikh's death in 1982, Farooq Abdullah was appointed as the Chief Minister. The National Conference government completed a full five-year term.Шаблон:Sfn

Before his death, Sheikh Abdullah initiated a controversial 'Grant of Permit for Resettlement' bill in the State's Legislative Assembly. As per the bill, any state subject of Jammu and Kashmir before 14 May 1954 or any of his descendants could apply for resettlement in the State provided they swore allegiance to both the Indian Constitution and the Constitution of the State. The bill was passed by the Legislative Assembly after Sheikh's death, but it aroused fears among the Hindus of Jammu that Pakistani sympathizers and agents could cross into the State and create tensions. The Central government forced Farooq Abdullah to refer the bill to the Supreme Court of India where it has been put into cold storage.Шаблон:Sfn

Commentary

All the elections held in Jammu and Kashmir before 1977 were plagued with corrupt electoral practices.Шаблон:Sfn The elections of 1977 represented a 'democratic breakthrough', according to scholar Steve Widmalm. Politician Bhim Singh stated, 'Morarji Desai openly declared that anyone who would attempt to pursue some form of rigging would be severely punished, and this was quite effective'. The Congress party in the Central Government has therefore been regarded as an obstacle to the State's democratic functioning. The party regarded Jammu and Kashmir to be a sensitive border state, which was not 'ready for democracy'. Building Indian nationalism was considered far more important. Activist Balraj Puri has disagreed with the sentiment. In his view, democratic functioning was indeed a prerequisite to integration and national unity. As a result of the democratization process, he has asserted that there were ten years of peace with 'no fundamentalism, no secessionism, and no communalism'. JKLF's Amanullah Khan has also endorsed the assessment. The observers he sent to the Kashmir Valley during the early 1980s reported that the situation was not conducive to inciting a rebellion.Шаблон:Sfn Journalist Tavleen Singh who covered the subsequent Assembly election in 1983 asked people wherever she went whether they regarded the plebiscite as an issue. 'Almost everywhere the answer was an emphatic no. People said that the past was dead and they were participating in this election as Indians,' she recounted.Шаблон:Sfn

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Bibliography

Шаблон:Jammu and Kashmir elections