Английская Википедия:1982 Commonwealth Games
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Use Australian English Шаблон:Infobox games The 1982 Commonwealth Games was held in Brisbane, Australia, from 30 September to 9 October 1982. The Opening Ceremony was held at the QEII Stadium (named after Elizabeth II), in the Brisbane suburb of Nathan. The QEII Stadium was also the athletics and archery events venue.[1] Other events were held at the purpose-built Sleeman Sports Complex in Chandler.
The Chairman of the 1982 Commonwealth Games was Sir Edward Williams.[2] The 1982 Commonwealth Games Logo was designed by Paulo Ferreira, who was the winner of a nationwide competition held in 1982.[3][4][5] The symbol is derived from the form of a bounding kangaroo. The three bands, forming stylized A's (for Australia), and a bicycle frame representing Cycling they are in colours which are common to flags of many Commonwealth countries.
The mascot for the games was a cartoon kangaroo called Matilda.[6] A 13-metre-high (42.65 feet) mechanical kangaroo travelled around the stadium and winked at the crowd.
The event was officially opened by The Duke of Edinburgh and closed by Elizabeth II.
Host selection
Bidding for the XII Commonwealth Games was held in Montreal, Canada, at the 1976 Montreal Summer Olympics. Lagos, Brisbane, Kuala Lumpur, and Birmingham were the bidding cities. On 14 July 1976, it was announced that Brisbane had won the rights to stage the Games[7] after the other candidate cities withdrew bids. Sixteen years after the Brisbane Games, Kuala Lumpur hosted the 1998 Commonwealth Games, while Birmingham hosted the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
Brisbane was awarded the Games by default after being the only candidate city left at the bid election after Birmingham reversed its decision to submit an application.[7] Nigeria's boycott of the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal made Lagos' bid lobbying impractical.[8] The 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal were plagued with cost overruns, and bidding on a sports festival anywhere in the world was not good politically.[9]
Participating teams
Forty-six Commonwealth nations and territories took part in the 1982 Commonwealth Games.[10] A total of 1,583 athletes and 571 officials participated in the event.[11] The Griffith University student dormitories in Gold Coast was used as an athletes' village.[12]
| Participating Commonwealth countries and territories |
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| Debuting Commonwealth countries and territories |
| Шаблон:Div col |
Sports
Sports contested during the 1982 Commonwealth Games included athletics, archery, badminton, lawn bowls, boxing, cycling, shooting, swimming, diving, weightlifting and wrestling.[13]
Table tennis and Australian rules football were demonstration sports,[14] with the latter being demonstrated at a 6 October rematch at the Gabba of that year's VFL Grand Final, which took place just 11 days before at the Melbourne Cricket Ground. Richmond won the demonstration rematch with a score of 28.16 (184) to Carlton's 26.10 (166).[15]
Venues
- Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Sports Centre
- Chandler Sports Complex: Chandler Aquatic Centre – swimming and diving; Chandler Sports Hall – badminton and table tennis; Chandler Theatre – weightlifting; Chandler Velodrome – track cycling
- Brisbane City Hall – wrestling
- Brisbane Festival Hall – boxing
- Belmont Rifle Range – shooting
- Moorooka Bowls Club – lawn bowls
- Murarrie Recreation Reserve – archery
- Bruce Highway – road cycling
- Brisbane River roads – marathon
- Wynnum and Manly roads – 30 km walk
- Woolloongabba Cricket Ground – Australian football demonstration
- Athletes Village – Griffith University and Mount Gravatt College of Advanced Education.[16][13]
Highlights
Opening ceremony (30 September)
The ceremony at the QEII Stadium was held on a fine but extremely windy day. The wind was so strong that skydivers who were going to descend into the stadium were cancelled.[11] Instead they made an entrance at the closing ceremony.
Day 1 (1 October)
The first event of the Games was Шаблон:Convert Road Trial in cycling. England won the Gold Medal in the event, and Australia won the Silver Medal—coming second to England by only six seconds.
Other sports which were contested on the first day of competition included swimming and diving, weightlifting, shooting and bowls.
Day 2 (2 October)
Sports contested included swimming, diving, weightlifting, shooting, cycling, bowls and archery.
The day was marred by both Australia and Canada being disqualified in the 4 × 100 metres relay in swimming, both problems occurring during change-overs. The medals awarded for this race went to England, Scotland and New Zealand.
Day 4 (4 October)
Sports contested included swimming, diving, cycling, athletics, archery, hammer throwing and shooting.
The day was marred when Canada was again disqualified, this time in the 4 × 200 metres freestyle relay. Canada protested against the winners, Australia, as well as against their own disqualification.
Closing ceremony
Elizabeth II closed the Games during a colourful ceremony, which included parachute jumpers (who had originally been also intended as part of the Opening Ceremony display) jumping and landing in a special target area within the stadium and red, white and blue balloons. Matilda the Kangaroo also winked at the Queen. Following the closing of the Games, the Queen and the Duke left the stand to be driven from the stadium. However, nobody wanted the Games to end and the Australian team formed a 'guard of honour' and ran beside and behind the car in which Queen Elizabeth and Prince Philip were travelling, as it circled the stadium several times before finally leaving.[17] Team members from other countries also joined in running after the royal car.
Aboriginal movement protests
The Brisbane Commonwealth Games were also noted by large-scale protests by the Aboriginal rights movement in Australia, which brought to the centre of international media attention the lack of Indigenous land rights in Australia, poor living condition and suppression of personal and political rights in Queensland in particular, and in Australia as a whole.[18] One of the targets of the protests was Queensland's Aborigines Act 1971,[19] which restricted and controlled the lives of Aboriginal people in Queensland.[20]
There were large marches on 26 September (2,000 people), 20 September (1000), and a sit-in of 104 people on 4 October. Also on that day, around 20 spectators held Aboriginal flags in the stadium during the entire program. On 7 October, about 500 people attended another protest, and 400 police arrested 260 people, including then Governor-General's daughter, Ann Stephen.[21] The protests were all peaceful, but police came out in force and blocked roads, making arrests under Queensland's Traffic Act.[22]
Activists taking part in the protests included Gary Foley[19] and Bob Weatherall (both leaders of the protest); Billy Craigie;[22] Lyall Munro Jnr;[23] Ross Watson;[21] Wayne Wharton;[24] and Selwyn Johnson and his family. Selwyn's brother Hedley Johnson was a musician, of the Brisbane group Mop and the Dropouts. Their song, "Brisbane Blacks", written by Mop Conlon, became an kind of anthem for the protests.[25][26][27]
Bob Weatherall, a Kamilaroi elder, is a lifelong activist,[28] a researcher in Aboriginal history,[29] and musical collaborator with Brisbane band Halfway[30]
The protests, which were followed by large-scale arrests, are a significant event in the history of the Australian Aboriginal rights movement.[31][32][33] When the Commonwealth Games returned to Australia in 2018 at the Gold Coast, it drew a series of peaceful protests.[21][24]
The classic Australian film "Guniwaya Ngigu (We Fight)" documents the Aboriginal protest movement during the Commonwealth Games, and was directed by Madeline McGrady and Tracey Moffatt, and produced by Maureen Watson, Tiga Bayles and Madeline McGrady.
Legacy
In 2009 as part of the Q150 celebrations, the 1982 Commonwealth Games were announced as one of the Q150 Icons of Queensland for its role as a "Defining Moment".[34] Brisbane also bid for the 1992 Summer Olympics but lost to Barcelona. Queensland Premier Annastacia Palaszczuk announced on 9 December 2019 that the state will make an official bid for the 2032 Summer Olympics featuring venues across Brisbane, Gold Coast and Sunshine Coast.[35][36]
Medals by country
This is the full table of the medal count of the 1982 Commonwealth Games. These rankings sort by the number of gold medals earned by a country. The number of silvers is taken into consideration next and then the number of bronze. If, after the above, countries are still tied, equal ranking is given and they are listed alphabetically. This follows the system used by the IOC, IAAF and BBC.
Medals by event
Aquatics
Archery
Athletics
Badminton
Bowls
Boxing
Cycling
Diving
Shooting
Pistol
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | ||||
| 50m Free Pistol | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 553 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 543 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 540 |
| 50m Free Pistol – Pairs | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1077 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1075 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1074 |
| 25m Centre-Fire Pistol | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 580 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 579 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 577 |
| 25m Centre-Fire Pistol – Pairs | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1151 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1138 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1131 |
| 25m Rapid-Fire Pistol | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 583 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 583 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 582 |
| 25m Rapid-Fire Pistol – Pairs | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1160 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1152 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1151 |
| 10m Air Pistol | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 576 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 573 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 571 |
| 10m Air Pistol – Pairs | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1128 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1126 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1125 |
Rifle
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | ||||
| 50m Rifle Prone | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1184 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1184 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1177 |
| 50m Rifle Prone – Pairs | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1187 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1183 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1180 |
| 50m Rifle Three Positions | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1146 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1145 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1144 |
| 50m Rifle Three Positions – Pairs | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 2301 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 2279 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 2277 |
| Full Bore Rifle | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 387 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 385 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 384 |
| Full Bore Rifle – Pairs | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 572 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 570 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 563 |
| 10m Air Rifle | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 574 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 572 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 570 |
| 10m Air Rifle – Pairs | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1137 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1126 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 1123 |
Shotgun
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | ||||
| Trap | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 191 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 190 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 190 |
| Trap – Pairs | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 190 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 186 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 183 |
| Skeet | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 197 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 196 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 195 |
| Skeet – Pairs | Men/Open | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 191 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 190 | Шаблон:Flagathlete | 190 |
Swimming
Weightlifting
Wrestling
| Event | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |
| Light Flyweight | Men | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete |
| Flyweight | Men | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete |
| Bantamweight | Men | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete |
| Featherweight | Men | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete |
| Lightweight | Men | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete |
| Welterweight | Men | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete |
| Middleweight | Men | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete |
| Light Heavyweight | Men | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete |
| Heavyweight | Men | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete |
| Super Heavyweight | Men | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete | Шаблон:Flagathlete |
See also
- World Expo 88, another international event held in Brisbane in the 1980s
- Commonwealth Games celebrated in Australia
- 1938 Commonwealth Games – Sydney
- 1962 Commonwealth Games – Perth
- 2006 Commonwealth Games – Melbourne
- 2018 Commonwealth Games – Gold Coast
- Commonwealth Youth Games celebrated in Australia
- 2004 Commonwealth Youth Games – Bendigo
- Olympic Games celebrated in Australia
- 1956 Summer Olympics – Melbourne
- 2000 Summer Olympics – Sydney
- 2032 Summer Olympics – Brisbane
- Paralympic Games celebrated in Australia
- 2000 Summer Paralympics – Sydney
- 2032 Summer Paralympics – Brisbane
References
Other sources
- "XII Commonwealth Games – The Official Pictorial History" —Channel 9 "Today Tonight", O & B Holdings Pty. Ltd., (1982)
External links
- Commonwealth Games Official Site
- 1982 Commonwealth Games – Australian Commonwealth Games Association official website
- The whole world is watching- documentary on the Aboriginal Movement protests at the 1982 Commonwealth Games. State Library of Queensland
- People forming map of Australia Photographs - State Library of Queensland
- John Leslie Protest Photographs of 1982 Commonwealth Games - State Library of Queensland
- National black unity: rally & march: support land rights booklet - State Library of Queensland
Шаблон:Sequence Шаблон:Commonwealth Games yearsШаблон:Commonwealth Games Associations at the 1982 Commonwealth Games Шаблон:Sports at the 1982 Commonwealth Games Шаблон:Commonwealth Games Medal Counts Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:Authority control Шаблон:Coord
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite news
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- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Spencer Reiss with Carl Robinson, "Aborigines Vs. Queensland", Newsweek: International Edition, 11 October 1982, p. 13
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 Шаблон:YouTube
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 21,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 24,0 24,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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