Английская Википедия:1982 garment workers' strike
Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use mdy dates
The 1982 garment workers' strike, organized by the International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU), was the largest strike in the history of New York City's Chinatown.Шаблон:Sfn
History
In 1982, New York City's Chinatown was home to approximately 500 garment factories employing 20,000 members of the ILGWU Local 23-25.Шаблон:Sfn Most of the Chinatown workers were immigrant women from Hong Kong and southern China.Шаблон:Sfn Hazardous working conditions, long hours, and payment based on piecework rather than the 1981 minimum wage of $3.35 (~$Шаблон:Format price in Шаблон:Inflation/year) an hour, were some of the problems that workers sought to address.Шаблон:Sfn Every three years, the ILGWU negotiated a new contract on behalf of its 150,000 members throughout the northeastern United States: first with the manufacturers, then with the contractors. Manufacturers were represented by the American Apparel Manufacturers Association (AAMA). Contractors were represented by the Greater Blouse, Skirt and Undergarment Association (GBSUA). Under the agreement, the union would call a strike on any manufacturer or contractor that used a non-union firm.Шаблон:Sfn
That year, the Chinatown contractors rejected the contract negotiated by the GBSUA and presented their own list of demands. Among other things, they maintained that the union, not the contractors, should provide holiday pay; overtime should be calculated on a weekly, rather than a daily, basis; and contractors should be free to do business with non-union manufacturers if union work was not immediately available. They threatened to secede from the GBSUA if their demands were not met.Шаблон:Sfn
The union and the Chinese contractors launched competing propaganda campaigns to win over the workers. Chinese employers tried to play on workers' ethnic loyalties to get them to side against the white-dominated union. ILGWU president Sol Chaikin, meanwhile, called the contractors' demands "an attempt to create a Taiwan in the United States and turn the union clock back fifty years."Шаблон:Sfn Ultimately the workers chose the union. Thousands of union members formed a Committee to Defend the Union Contract. Volunteering after work and on weekends, they spread the word in the factories and on the street, handed out leaflets, organized phone banks, and made appearances on local television and radio. Among the organizers were Shui Mak Ka, Lily Moy, Alice Tse,Шаблон:Sfn Alice Ip,Шаблон:Sfn and Katie Quan.Шаблон:Sfn
On June 24, 1982, nearly 20,000 garment workers rallied in Columbus Park, carrying banners and picket signs. Speakers included Jay Mazur, then the manager of Local 23-25, who told the workers, "We are one!" Afterwards, the crowd marched through Chinatown. As Katie Quan recalled later, "It was an exhilarating moment. Thousands upon thousands of Chinese immigrant women had come together to stand up for themselves."Шаблон:Sfn
Within a few days, all but a few dozen of the Chinatown contractors had pledged to sign the union contract. To persuade the rest, the union organized a second rally on June 29, and warned them that after the rally, they would strike any contractor who had not signed the pledge. The second rally attracted as large a crowd as the first. Within hours, all the contractors had signed the pledge, and the strike ended in victory for the union.Шаблон:Sfn
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
- Английская Википедия
- June 1982 events in the United States
- Textile and clothing labor disputes in the United States
- Chinese-American culture in New York City
- 1982 labor disputes and strikes
- 1982 in New York City
- 1980s in Manhattan
- Chinatown, Manhattan
- Economy of New York City
- Events in New York City
- Labor disputes in New York City
- Labor disputes led by the International Ladies Garment Workers Union
- Labor relations in New York City
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
