Английская Википедия:1983 Chicago mayoral election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox election Шаблон:ElectionsIL The Chicago mayoral election of 1983 was first the primary on February 22, 1983, which was followed by the general on April 12, 1983. The election saw the election of Chicago's first African-American mayor, Harold Washington. Incumbent Mayor Jane Byrne, who had served since April 16, 1979 had lost renomination in the Democratic primary in a three-way race between herself, then–Congressman Washington, and then–Cook County State’s Attorney Richard M. Daley (who would be elected mayor six years later in 1989) in February 1983. Washington would face off against Republican nominee Bernard Epton, winning with a 3.7% lead over Epton in the general election.

Nominations

Шаблон:Expand section The Democratic Party and Republican Party held their primaries on February 22. 77.5% of registered voters voted in the primaries. This was very high turnout for Chicago mayoral primaries.

Democratic primary

Campaigning

Файл:Harold Washington (2592).jpg

Washington holds a press conference at the Hyatt Regency Chicago on December 13, 1982.

Since winning an upset victory in the 1979 Democratic primary and a landslide victory in that year's general election, Jane Byrne had had a tumultuous term as mayor. Nevertheless, she had secured support for her renomination from 33 of the city's aldermen. A three-way race emerged between Byrne, congressman Harold Washington, and Cook County State's Attorney Richard M. Daley (the son of former mayor Richard J. Daley). Two months ahead of the primary, the Democratic Party organization endorsed Byrne. Of the candidates, Byrne's campaign had the most funds, raising more than $3 million. She had been spending much of her funds very early on television commercials to overhaul her image, attempting to transform her image to that of a steady and serious figure who had straightened out what had been a chaotic city government. While Byrne had previously, in 1979, presented herself as a protegee of former mayor Richard J. Daley, she now blamed him for many of the city's financial shortcomings. Daley's own son Richard M. Daley capitalized off a desire which many Chicagoans held (despite Byrne's criticisms) to return to what they perceived to have been comparatively stable years which the city had experienced under Richard J. Daley's leadership. However, the younger Daley struggled with a perception that he was a lightweight compared to his father. There was also a perception at the time that the younger Daley held an inferior intellect to those of his opponents. When Daley officially launched his campaign in September 1982, polls showed him ahead of or tied with Byrne. A voting bloc which was sought after were the independent-leaning Democrats often called "lakefront liberals". They had backed Byrne in her 1979 primary, but were hesitant to back her again.

Much of the city's white electorate was split between Byrne and Daley. The fact that neither Byrne nor Daley were able to consolidate the white electorate around their candidacy provided Washington an opportunity to win a plurality of the overall vote. While Washington was anticipated to do well among African-American voters, he would not have been able to capture the nomination on African-American support alone. The Democratic Party leadership itself sought to block Washington's victory. Chairman Edward Vrdolyak was alleged to have encouraged voters to back Byrne, warning that a vote for Daley was a vote for Washington. In the closing days of the campaign, Byrne was on the defense, particularly from attacks being lodged by Daley. Daley, meanwhile, was struggling to convince voters that he was no longer in third place. Washington entered the television ad campaign later than the other candidates, citing only having barely $1 million to spend on his campaign. Byrne spent a total of $10 million on her campaign, $5 million more than her 1979 campaign. Daley won the endorsements of both of the city's major newspapers.

The Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times both endorsed Daley.

Results

Файл:1983 Chicago mayoral election by ward (D primary).svg

Result map by ward

The election was held on Tuesday, February 22, 1983. Turnout was 77.5%. Washington received 36.3% of the citywide vote and roughly 80% of the African-American vote. 1.2 million Chicagoans went to polls to cast their ballot, noted then as the largest turnout since 25 years earlier in 1958. Mayor Byrne had 33.6% of the citywide vote and Daley came in third place with 29.7%. The election saw a record-setting 69% of registered African-American voter turnout. Шаблон:Election table |- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center" ! colspan="5" rowspan="1" align="center" |1983 Chicago Democratic Party Mayoral Primary |- bgcolor="#E9E9E9" align="center" ! colspan="2" rowspan="1" align="left" | Candidate ! width="75" | Votes ! width="30" | % ! width="45" | +/- |- | bgcolor="#3333FF" | | align="left" | Harold Washington | 424 324 | 36,3% | N/A |- | bgcolor="#3333FF" | | align="left" | Jane Byrne (incumbent) | 393 500 | 33,6% | -17.4% |- | bgcolor="#3333FF" | | align="left" | Richard M. Daley | 346 835 | 29,7% | N/A |- | bgcolor="#3333FF" | | align="left" | Frank R. Ranallo | 2367 | 0,2% | N/A |- | bgcolor="#3333FF" | | align="left" | William Markowski | 1412 | 0,1% | N/A |- | bgcolor="#3333FF" | | align="left" | Sheila Jones | 1285 | 0,1% | N/A |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Majority | 30 824 | 2,6% | +0.6% |- | colspan="2" align="left" | Total | 1 169 723 || 100% | N/A |- |}

Republican primary

Former State Representative Bernard Epton won the Republican nomination. Epton had reluctantly run after being urged by party leaders. He was the only established figure who agreed to seek the nomination, and had all but formally secured the nomination at party meetings in November. Chicago had not elected a Republican mayor in 56 years (since the 1927 Chicago mayoral election). At the time, Chicago had no Republican aldermen on its City Council. While Chicago was regarded as overwhelmingly Democratic, it was hoped by many Republicans that if Washington were nominated by the Democrats, many white voters would vote for the Republican nominee. Epton stated, "Chicago has been regarded for too long as a Democratic stronghold. It's about time we change that image." Epton was ultimately unopposed on the Republican primary ballot after candidates Ralph G. Medly, William Arthur Murray, and Raymond Wardingley saw their names removed from the ballot due to issues with their petitions. Wardingly had been a candidate in the previous election's primary.

Independent candidates

Ed Warren ran as an independent candidate.

General election

Campaigning

Шаблон:Expand section James Fletcher, who ran James R. Thompson's first successful gubernatorial campaign, became Epton's general election campaign manager. High-profile figures such as Republican Senator Paul Laxalt (chairman of the RNC) campaigned for Epton. The race was particularly competitive, with some newspapers characterizing it as a "tossup". Epton was polling double what a Republican typically polled in Chicago mayoral races. Epton received endorsements from some Democratic Ward Committeemen, such as Ed Kelly.

Byrne briefly explored running as a write-in candidate during the general election, before dropping the idea due to a number of complicating factors.

The Chicago Tribune and the Chicago Sun-Times both endorsed Washington.

Results

The election saw a massive voter turnout, with more than 82 percent of eligible voters casting ballots. Шаблон:Election box begin no change Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box turnout no change Шаблон:Election box end

Results by ward

Washington's coalition of voters consisted of the city's African American population with the additional support of "lakefront liberals" and the city's Latino community. Therefore, he performed best in heavily black wards, as well as lakeshore wards and heavily Latino wards.

Epton carried a plurality of the vote in 28 of the city's 50 wards, while Washington carried a plurality of the vote in 22 wards.

Ward	Harold Washington (Democratic Party)		Bernard Epton (Republican Party)		Ed Warren (Socialist Workers Party)		Total
	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes	%	Votes
1	13,026	62.4%	7,777	37.3%	65	0.3%	20,868
2	22,738	97.4%	558	2.4%	42	0.2%	23,338
3	24,470	99.1%	178	0.7%	48	0.2%	24,696
4	24,420	92.3%	1,981	7.5%	70	0.3%	26,471
5	24,729	90.8%	2,455	9.0%	45	0.2%	27,229
6	34,727	99.2%	240	0.7%	43	0.1%	35,010
7	17,293	81.9%	3,771	17.9%	45	0.2%	21,109
8	31,095	98.5%	457	1.4%	28	0.1%	31,580
9	23,979	93.9%	1,518	5.9%	29	0.1%	25,526
10	10,103	33.9%	19,609	65.8%	94	0.3%	29,806
11	7,186	25.8%	20,515	73.8%	98	0.4%	27,799
12	3,836	15.4%	21,042	84.2%	99	0.4%	24,977
13	1,457	4.0%	34,856	95.7%	100	0.3%	36,413
14	3,864	16.1%	20,095	83.5%	94	0.4%	24,053
15	15,949	60.3%	10,451	39.5%	62	0.2%	26,462
16	25,646	98.9%	221	0.9%	56	0.2%	25,923
17	29,233	99.1%	205	0.7%	53	0.2%	29,491
18	14,889	43.7%	19,081	56.0%	79	0.2%	34,049
19	7,045	20.0%	28,072	79.7%	105	0.3%	35,222
20	25,701	99.0%	220	0.8%	40	0.2%	25,961
21	32,967	99.1%	275	0.8%	32	0.1%	33,274
22	4,674	51.9%	4,279	47.5%	46	0.5%	8,999
23	1,373	4.1%	32,399	95.6%	101	0.3%	33,873
24	24,259	99.2%	129	0.5%	63	0.3%	24,451
25	5,925	49.1%	6,099	50.5%	51	0.4%	12,075
26	7,449	45.5%	8,823	53.9%	96	0.6%	16,368
27	20,706	92.7%	1,577	7.1%	58	0.3%	22,341
28	22,335	98.6%	224	1.0%	103	0.5%	22,662
29	19,882	92.7%	1,530	7.1%	43	0.2%	21,455
30	3,033	12.6%	20,947	87.1%	72	0.3%	24,052
31	9,856	60.4%	6,396	39.2%	77	0.5%	16,329
32	8,266	43.8%	10,515	55.7%	98	0.5%	18,879
33	6,909	37.7%	11,296	61.7%	101	0.6%	18,306
34	29,354	98.8%	336	1.1%	32	0.1%	29,722
35	3,412	15.4%	18,647	84.2%	85	0.4%	22,144
36	1,647	4.9%	31,944	94.8%	95	0.3%	33,686
37	17,549	76.8%	5,251	23.0%	57	0.2%	22,857
38	1,881	5.7%	30,939	94.0%	100	0.3%	32,920
39	3,127	12.3%	22,159	87.3%	92	0.4%	25,378
40	3,772	17.1%	18,202	82.5%	91	0.4%	22,065
41	2,380	6.8%	32,725	93.0%	75	0.2%	35,180
42	12,496	45.5%	14,891	54.2%	67	0.2%	27,454
43	11,006	35.8%	19,618	63.9%	93	0.3%	30,717
44	10,613	39.2%	16,372	60.4%	105	0.4%	27,090
45	2,376	6.9%	31,737	92.8%	91	0.3%	34,204
46	10,251	46.8%	11,542	52.7%	108	0.5%	21,901
47	4,515	18.0%	20,397	81.5%	125	0.5%	25,037
48	9,433	43.3%	12,269	56.3%	88	0.4%	21,790
49	9,719	42.9%	12,815	56.6%	109	0.5%	22,643
50	5,001	18.2%	22,368	81.4%	103	0.4%	27,472
Totals	667,552	51.7%	620,003	48.0%	3,752	0.3%	1,291,307

External links

• Our Campaigns – Chicago Mayor – D Primary Race – Feb 22, 1983
• Our Campaigns – Chicago Mayor Race – Apr 12, 1983
• Our Campaigns – Chicago Mayor – D Primary Race – Feb 27, 1979