Английская Википедия:1984 Democratic National Convention

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox National Political Convention

Файл:Moscone Center, San Francisco (2013).JPG
The Moscone Center was the site of the 1984 Democratic National Convention

The 1984 Democratic National Convention was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, California from July 16 to July 19, 1984, to select candidates for the 1984 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale was nominated for president and Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York was nominated for vice president. Ferraro became the first woman to be nominated by either major party for the presidency or vice presidency. In another first, the 1984 Democratic Convention was chaired by the female governor of Kentucky, Martha Layne Collins.[1] The Democratic National Committee Chairman at the time, Charles T. Manatt, led the convention.

Site selection

Finalist bid cities
City Venue Previous major party conventions hosted by city
Chicago, Illinois McCormick Place[2] Democratic: 1864, 1884, 1892, 1896, 1932, 1940, 1944, 1952, 1956, 1968
Republican: 1860, 1868, 1880, 1884, 1888, 1904, 1908, 1912, 1916, 1920, 1932, 1944, 1952, 1960
Detroit, Michigan Joe Louis Arena and Cobo Hall[3] Republican: 1980
New York City, New York Madison Square Garden[4] Democratic: 1868, 1924, 1976, 1980
San Francisco, California Moscone Center[5] Democratic: 1920
Republican: 1956,** 1964**
Washington, D.C. Washington Convention Center[5] Шаблон:N/A
**Conventions held in Daly City, California, a municipality adjacent to San Francisco
Preliminary bid cities (non-finalist)[6]
City Venue Previous major party conventions hosted by city
Houston, Texas Astrodome Democratic: 1928
Kansas City, Missouri Democratic: 1900
Republican: 1928, 1976
Miami Beach, Florida Democratic: 1972
Republican: 1968, 1972
New Orleans, Louisiana Louisiana Superdome Шаблон:N/A
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Democratic: 1936, 1948
Republican: 1856, 1872, 1900, 1940, 1948
Whig: 1848
Seattle, Washington Kingdome Шаблон:N/A

As of March 1982, the Democratic Party was preliminarily considering ten cities: Chicago, Detroit, Houston, Miami Beach, New Orleans, New York City, Philadelphia, San Francisco, and Seattle.[6] By the time that a vote was held for where to hold the convention, the contenders were Chicago, Detroit, New York City, San Francisco, and Washington, D.C.[5]

Party officials told cities interested in hosting the convention that they needed to provide at least 250,000 work space, a convention hall seating 20,000, 20,000 high-quality hotel rooms, and a $2.5 million financial commitment (to fund the staging of the convention hall, housing of staff, security, transportation, and other needs)[7]

San Francisco was broadly considered the front-runner to receive the convention. This was, in large part, due to the fact that the chairman of the Democratic National Committee, Charles Manatt, was a Californian,[5][8] and heavily supported San Francisco's bid.[4] Mannatt argued that locating a convention in California could be wise for Democrats with an eye to the general election in the state, since California was a state that had a 5–3 Democratic advantage in party registration but which had voted Republican for the past several presidential elections.[9] California's largest city, Los Angeles (Mannatt's home city) was logistically unavailable to host the 1984 convention due to its hosting of 1984 Summer Olympics.[7] Then-California State Democratic Party Chairwoman Nancy Pelosi was another strong booster of San Francisco's bid.[9][10] San Francisco's proposed venue, its new downtown Moscone Center convention center, had 650,000 square feet of space, and promised to be capable of seating 20,000 conventiongoers.[5] Additionally considered positives for San Francisco's prospects of hosting the convention was that California was the state with the most votes in the Electoral College, and it had a female mayor (Dianne Feinstein).[5] Some considered a concern disadvantaging San Francisco's bid to be the prospect that splinter groups might put on disruptive demonstrations during the convention if it were held in San Francisco.[11] Particularly of concern was the prospect that San Francisco's large population of homosexuals might "embarrass" the Democratic Party by holding a large gay rights demonstration during the convention.[8] Another factor speculated to disadvantage San Francisco's bid was the small size of its police force.[11]

Chicago's biggest disadvantage was regarded to be the memory of disorder during the 1968 Democratic National Convention in the city.[5][7] This was Chicago's first serious attempt to receiving the hosting rights to a major party nominating convention since the 1968 DNC.[5]

Early into Detroit's bid, the suburban Silverdome stadium was floated as a potential venue.[6] However, the city's final bid placed the convention in Joe Louis Arena and Cobo Hall.[3]

The bid of New York City, the host of the previous two Democratic National Conventions, was considered to be hampered by a disinterest by Democratic Party officials in holding a third consecutive convention there.[7] Madison Square Garden had also been seen during the previous two conventions as being somewhat undersized in its amount of usable area, and the 1984 convention was to feature more delegates than previous conventions had.[4]

Washington, D.C.'s bid was the city's first attempt to receive the hosting rights to a major party nominating convention.[4] This came after the city opened a new convention center, giving it a facility capable of potentially accommodating a major party nominating convention.[5]

On April 23, 1983, San Francisco was awarded hosting rights to the convention, receiving 23 out of 27 votes on second-ballot vote by the Democratic Party's site selection committee. The city had fallen one vote short of securing the needed majority vote of the 27-member committee on the first ballot.[5]

This marked the second time that a Democratic National Convention had been held in the city of San Francisco, with the 1920 edition having been held at the city's Civic Auditorium.[12] It was the party's third convention to be held in the state of California, after the 1920 convention and the 1960 convention in Los Angeles.[5] This also marked the first Democratic National Convention to be hosted on the West Coast of the United States since 1960.[5] The Democrats' choice of San Francisco, paired with the Republican Party's earlier selection of Dallas, Texas for their 1984 convention, meant that, for the second time ever (after only the 1928 United States presidential election), both the Democratic and Republican parties hosted their nominating conventions in cities west of the Mississippi River.[5]

Site selection committee vote[5][11]
City Round 1 Round 2
San Francisco, California 13 23
Chicago, Illinois 3 2
Detroit, Michigan 4 1
San Francisco, California 2 1
Washington, D.C. 5 0

Logistics

The convention was the first to utilize the rule changes recommended by the Hunt Commission in response to the protracted 1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries between Jimmy Carter and Ted Kennedy, including the use of superdelegates.[13]

The San Francisco Hilton served as the convention's headquarters hotel.[14] It had previously been the headquarters hotel of the 1964 Republican National Convention.[5]

Nancy Pelosi served as chair of the convention's host committee.[15]

The convention cost in excess of $20 million to stage. $9 million was provided by the City of San Francisco's government itself.[15]

Events of the Convention

Файл:Geraldine Ferraro at the 1984 Democratic National Convention.jpg
Convention hall during Ferraro's vice presidential nomination acceptance speech

Walter Mondale was nominated for president and Geraldine Ferraro was nominated for vice president.

New York Governor Mario Cuomo gave a well-received keynote speech. Mondale's major rivals for the presidential nomination, Senator Gary Hart and Rev. Jesse Jackson, also gave speeches.

Jackson's speech referred to the nation as a "quilt" with places for "[t]he white, the Hispanic, the black, the Arab, the Jew, the woman, the Native American, the small farmer, the business person, the environmentalist, the peace activist, the young, the old, the lesbian, the gay, and the disabled".[16] It was the first time anyone mentioned lesbians and gays in a national convention address.[17] Jackson also attempted to move the party's platform farther to the left at the convention, but without much success. He did succeed in one instance, concerning affirmative action.[18]

"AIDS poster boy" Bobbi Campbell gave a speech at the National March for Lesbian and Gay Rights, dying of AIDS complications a month later.[19]

Voting

The following candidates had their names placed in nomination

President

Before the convention had convened, Mondale was widely regarded as having secured the prerequisite delegate support to clinch the nomination.[12] However, he only attained this amount of delegate support with the inclusion of superdelegates that supported his candidacy. His number of pledged delegates (those bound to him and awarded through primaries) alone did not give him enough of a lead to win the nomination without superdelegate support.[12] His number of pledged delegates heading into the convention was 40 shy of the 1,967 needed to win the nomination.[20][21]

The candidates for U.S. president received the following numbers of delegates:

Democratic National Convention presidential vote, 1984[22]
Candidate Votes Percentage
Walter Mondale 2,191 56.41%
Gary Hart 1,201 30.92%
Jesse Jackson 466 12.00%
Thomas Eagleton 18 0.46%
George McGovern 4 0.10%
John Glenn 2 0.05%
Joe Biden 1 0.03%
Martha Kirkland 1 0.03%
Totals 3,884 100.00%

Jesse Jackson had unsuccessfully called for the suspension of the party's electoral rules to give him a number of delegates closer to the 20% average share of the vote he garnered during the primaries. The system tended to punish shallow showings as yielding no delegates at all, hence Jackson's smaller delegate count than would be expected (12%).[18]

Vice president

For the pick of Vice President of the United States, Mondale had a pick between Mayor Dianne Feinstein of San Francisco (the future 3 decade United States Senator from California) and Congresswoman Geraldine Ferraro of New York, he chose Congresswoman Ferraro to be his vice presidential running mate, which established her as the first woman to be nominated for Vice President of the United States from a major American political party. As of 2020, this is the most recent time that neither a sitting nor former United States Senator was nominated for vice president by the Democratic Party.

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Sequence

Шаблон:1984 United States presidential election Шаблон:1984 United States elections Шаблон:Democratic National Convention Шаблон:U.S. presidential primaries Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  5. ↑ 5,00 5,01 5,02 5,03 5,04 5,05 5,06 5,07 5,08 5,09 5,10 5,11 5,12 5,13 5,14 Шаблон:Cite web
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 Шаблон:Cite news:
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 12,2 Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ National Party Conventions: 1831-1996. Internet Archive. Washington D.C.: Congressional Quarterly. 1997. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-1-56802-280-2.
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ 15,0 15,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
  18. ↑ 18,0 18,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite AV media
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Phil Hirschkorn, "America's Last Great Convention: Mondale, Jackson & Hart Dish To Salon About Wild 1984 DNC", Salon. (February 15, 2015)
  22. ↑ Our Campaigns - US President - D Convention Race - Jul 16, 1984
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