Английская Википедия:1994 South African general election

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Файл:South African 1994 election ballot paper.jpg

Ballot paper used in 1994 election

Файл:RSA 1994 NP.png

Share of National Party votes in 1994. The areas which voted for the National Party were largely Afrikaans- or English speaking

General elections were held in South Africa between 26 and 29 April 1994. The elections were the first in which citizens of all races were allowed to take part, and were therefore also the first held with universal suffrage. The election was conducted under the direction of the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC), and marked the culmination of the four-year process that ended apartheid.

Millions queued in lines over a four-day voting period. Altogether, 19,726,579 votes were counted, and 193,081 were rejected as invalid. As widely expected, the African National Congress (ANC), whose slate incorporated the labour confederation COSATU and the South African Communist Party, won a sweeping victory, taking 62 percent of the vote, just short of the two-thirds majority required to unilaterally amend the Interim Constitution. As required by that document, the ANC formed a Government of National Unity with the National Party and the Inkatha Freedom Party, the two other parties that won more than 20 seats in the National Assembly. The governing National Party polled just over 20%, and was thus eligible for a post of Vice President to incumbent president De Klerk. The new National Assembly's first act was to elect Nelson Mandela as President, making him the country's first black chief executive.

The date 27 April is now a public holiday in South Africa, Freedom Day.

Background

The Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) entered the election late, and it was added to the already-printed ballot papers by means of a sticker. In rural areas with limited infrastructure, people queued "for days" in order to vote.

The Conservative Party, the official opposition in the outgoing National Assembly, did not contest the elections. The Herstigte Nasionale Party, which had run in the white-only elections in 1989 also chose not to run.

Results

National Assembly

The 400 members of the National Assembly were chosen from party lists in proportion to each party's share of the national ballot.

Senate

The 90 members of the Senate were chosen, 10 from each province, by the newly elected provincial legislatures. Each province's Senate seats were allocated in proportion to the parties' representation in the provincial legislature.

Determination of seats in the Senate as a consequence of the 26–29 April 1994 provincial elections

Party		EC	FS	G	KZN	M	NW	NC	NP	WC	Total
bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	African National Congress	9	8	6	3	8	8	5	10	3	60
bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	National Party	1	1	2	1	1	1	4		6	17
bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Inkatha Freedom Party				5						5
bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Freedom Front		1	1		1	1	1			5
bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Democratic Party			1	1					1	3
Total		10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	90
Source: Constitution of South Africa

In 1997, on the adoption of the final Constitution, the Senate became the National Council of Provinces; its political makeup remained the same, but members were divided into permanent and special delegates, as described in the following table.

Initial determination of delegates to the National Council of Provinces at the adoption of the new Constitution on 4 February 1997

Party		Delegate type	EC	FS	G	KZN	M	NW	NC	NP	WC	Total
bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color rowspan=2|	African National Congress	Permanent	5	4	3	1	4	4	3	6	2	32	60
Special		4	4	3	2	4	4	2	4	1	28
bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color rowspan=2|	National Party	Permanent	1	1	1	1	1	1	2		3	11	17
Special				1				2		3	6
bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color rowspan=2|	Inkatha Freedom Party	Permanent				3						3	5
Special					2						2
bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Freedom Front	Permanent		1	1		1	1	1			5
bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Democratic Party	Permanent			1	1					1	3
Total			10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	90
Source: Constitution of South Africa

Provincial legislature results

Members of the provincial legislatures were elected from party lists in proportion to each party's share of the provincial ballot.

Party	EC	FS	G	KZN	M	NW	NC	NP	WC
Шаблон:Party name with color	48	24	50	26	25	26	15	38	14
Шаблон:Party name with color	6	4	21	9	3	3	12	1	23
Шаблон:Party name with color	0	0	3	41	0	0	0	0	0
Шаблон:Party name with color	0	2	5	0	2	1	2	1	1
Шаблон:Party name with color	1	0	5	2	0	0	1	0	3
Шаблон:Party name with color	1	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	0
Шаблон:Party name with color	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	0	1
Шаблон:Party name with color	–	–	–	1	–	–	–	–	–
Total		56	30	86	81	30	30	30	40	42

Legacy

Following the elections, 27 April subsequently became a national public holiday, Freedom Day.

In a Sunday Independent article on the 20th anniversary of the election, Steven Friedman, who headed the IEC's information analysis department during the election, stated that the lack of a voters roll made verifying the results of the election difficult, and there were widespread accusations of cheating. Friedman characterised the election as a "technical disaster but a political triumph", and intimated that the final results were as a result of a negotiated compromise, rather than being an accurate count of the votes cast, stating that it was impossible to produce an accurate result under the circumstances that the election was held. He wrote that he believed that the result of the election, which gave KwaZulu-Natal to the IFP; gave the National Party 20% of the vote share, and a Deputy President position; and held the ANC back from the two-thirds majority with the ability to unilaterally write the final constitution, helped prevent a civil war.

External links

• US Department of the Army, South Africa Country Study, "The 1994 Elections"
• IEC results for 1994 election
• Proportional representation and alternative systems