Английская Википедия:1995 Neftegorsk earthquake

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox earthquake

The 1995 Neftegorsk earthquake occurred on 28 May at Шаблон:Tooltip[1] on northern Sakhalin Island in the Russian Far East.[2] It was the most destructive earthquake known within the current territory of Russia,[3] with a magnitude of Шаблон:M and maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent)[4] that devastated the oil town of Neftegorsk, where 1,989 of its 3,977 citizens were killed, and another 750 injured.[5]

90% of the victims were killed by the collapse of 17 five-story residential buildings.[6] While Western media generally attributed the collapses to allegedly poor construction and shoddy materials of Soviet-era construction,[7] a geotechnical study faulted a failure to accommodate the possibility of soil liquefaction in an area that was considered "practically aseismic".[8]

The Belgian Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters' EM-DAT database places the total damage at $64.1 million, while the United States' National Geophysical Data Center assesses the damage at $300 million.[9]

This quake was not only catastrophic, it was totally unexpected: earthquakes with magnitudes greater than 6 were not known to occur in the area of northern Sakhalin Island.[10] It is also of great scientific interest (some 20 papers have been published[11]) because it occurred near a poorly known tectonic plate boundary where the Okhotsk Plate (connected with North American Plate) is crashing into the Amurian Plate (part of the Eurasian Plate),[12] and indicates that the plate boundary is associated with a north–south striking seismic belt that runs the length of Sakhalin. More precisely, this earthquake occurred on the Upper Piltoun fault (also known as the Gyrgylan'i—Ossoy fault[13]), which branches off the main Sakhalin-Hokkaido fault that runs along the east side of the island.[14]

Шаблон:Convert of surface rupturing was observed (46 km including a branching fault), with an estimated average lateral displacement of about 4 meters, but up to Шаблон:Convert in some places.[15] (This compares to 14 km of slip estimated to have accumulated on the Sakhalin-Hokkaido fault in the last 4 million years.[16]) The unusual strength of this quake and length of rupturing, and the low level of seismic activity beforehand, has been attributed to the accumulation of strain over a long period of time on a locked fault segment.[17]

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

Sources

Шаблон:Refbegin Шаблон:Div col

Шаблон:Div col end Шаблон:Refend

External links

Шаблон:Earthquakes in 1995 Шаблон:Earthquakes in Russia

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  1. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb.
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Short-anss
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb.
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Short-isc The Шаблон:Short-anss reviewed value on the Шаблон:M scale is also 7.1. Some sources have reported the magnitude as Шаблон:M.
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Harvtxt attributes the fatality numbers to the Russian Ministry of Emergencies. The ISC, without citing a source, says "[a]s many as 1,989 people killed" (Шаблон:Short-isc) Other sources attribute the "more than 2000" number to Japanese language sources.
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb. These buildings housed all but about 650 of the town's residents. Шаблон:Harvnb
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb.
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb.
  9. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок PAGER-CAT не указан текст
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb.
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Short-isc
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb; Шаблон:Harvnb.
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb.
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb.
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb, p. 596.
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Harvnb.
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