Английская Википедия:1996 Republican Party presidential primaries

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox election From January 29 to June 4, 1996, voters of the Republican Party chose its nominee for president in the 1996 United States presidential election. Senator Bob Dole of Kansas, the former Senate majority leader, was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1996 Republican National Convention held from August 12 to 15, 1996, in San Diego, California; Dole resigned from the Senate in June 1996 once he became the presumptive nominee to concentrate on his presidential campaign.

Background

Following the 1994 midterm elections, many prominent candidates entered what would be a crowded field. This was expected as Democratic President Bill Clinton was unpopular in his first two years in office, eventually leading to the Republican Revolution. However, as Clinton became increasingly popular in his third year in office, several withdrew from the race or decided not to run.

In February 1995, newly-inaugurated Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich declined to run, despite urging from some members of the party's conservative wing.[1]

Former U.S. Army Gen. Colin L. Powell was widely courted as a potential Republican nominee. However, on November 8, 1995, Powell announced that he would not seek the nomination.

Former Secretary of Defense and future Vice President of the United States Dick Cheney was touted by many as a possible candidate for the presidency, but he declared his intentions not to run in early 1995. Then-Texas Governor George W. Bush was also urged by some party leaders to seek the Republican Party nomination, but opted against doing so.

Primary race overview

Going into the 1996 primary contest, Senate Majority Leader Bob Dole was widely seen as the front runner. Dole had significant name recognition, as he was a two time presidential candidate – in 1980 and 1988, and Republican vice-presidential nominee in 1976. He was expected to win the nomination against underdog candidates such as the more conservative U.S. Senator Phil Gramm of Texas and more centrist U.S. Senator Arlen Specter of Pennsylvania. The fragmented field of candidates, which also included journalist and 1992 presidential candidate Pat Buchanan and magazine publisher Steve Forbes, debated issues such as a flat tax and other tax cut proposals, and a return to supply-side economic policies popularized by Ronald Reagan. Former Governor of Tennessee Lamar Alexander had promising showings in the early Iowa and New Hampshire primaries—finishing third in both contests behind only Dole and Buchanan—but his support dropped off in later primaries and he ultimately failed to win any state's delegates. (see "1996 Republican primary and caucus results" table below). Alan Keyes, who served as Reagan's Ambassador to the United Nations Economic and Social Council and Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs, was notable for being the only African American candidate in the race, but he ultimately failed to garner much support. More attention was drawn to the race by the budget stalemate in 1995 between the Congress and the President, which caused temporary shutdowns and slowdowns in many areas of federal government service.

On January 29, Buchanan won a non-binding straw poll in Alaska. Most pundits dismissed Buchanan's showing as insignificant.[2] On February 6, Buchanan won the Louisiana caucus. Buchanan and Gramm had made several trips to the state to campaign. Gramm was expected to win, due to being from neighboring Texas and having the support of many of the Louisiana party regulars.[3]

The candidates met in Des Moines for a Presidential Candidates Forum.[4] Dole won the Iowa Caucus with 26% of the vote, a considerably smaller margin of victory than was expected.

Gramm's poor showing in Louisiana plus placing 5th in Iowa's caucuses resulted in his withdrawal from the contest on the Sunday before the New Hampshire primary.

In the New Hampshire Primary, Buchanan recorded a surprising victory over Dole, who finished in second place.

After disappointing showings in Iowa and New Hampshire, Steve Forbes bounced back in the primaries in Delaware and Arizona. Forbes, along with Alan Keyes, were the only two candidates for the Republican nomination who campaigned in Delaware (According to R.W. Apple writing for The New York Times, "People in Delaware began calling their primary the Rodney Dangerfield election – it couldn't get any respect. That angered many local residents, like a woman at a Wilmington polling place this evening, who said that the New Hampshire officials who twisted the candidates' arms [into not coming to Delaware to campaign while the New Hampshire primary was ongoing] had ‘acted like little kids.’"[5]) giving Forbes an easy victory in the small state. "This state is the tax-cutting capital of the country and Steve Forbes got his tax-cutting message across" former Delaware Governor Pete du Pont said following the announcement of Forbes's victory.[6] The bigger triumph for the Forbes campaign was in Arizona. Buchanan campaigned vigorously in Arizona in hopes of securing a crucial victory over Dole,[7] with Buchanan even donning a cowboy costume while on the campaign trail.[8] Faulty polling by the Dole campaign lured Dole into a false sense of security, making Dole think that the state would be an easy victory for him and he would not have to spend much time campaigning in Arizona.[9] After the votes were counted, Buchanan finished a devastating third place, Dole was the runner-up, and Forbes pulled off a shocking, come-from-behind victory. Exit polls showed that Forbes's support came from those who voted for third-party candidate Ross Perot back in 1992, as well as from the large number of voters who cited "taxes" as the most important issue of the race and those who viewed Buchanan as too "extreme" and Dole as too moderate and "mainstream".[7] Forbes would quickly lose the momentum he built up in Delaware and Arizona, but these back-to-back victories convinced many that Forbes was a serious contender.

Buchanan's and Forbes's early victories put Dole's expected front runner status in doubt during the formative months of the primary season. However Dole won every subsequent primary after including North and South Dakota; this eventually gave him enough delegate commitments to claim status as the GOP presidential presumptive nominee.

Having collected only 21 percent of the total votes in Republican primaries and won four states, Buchanan suspended his campaign in March. He declared however that, if Dole were to choose a pro-choice running mate, he would run as the US Taxpayers Party (now Constitution Party) candidate.[10] Forbes also withdrew in March having won only two states.[11]

Dole resigned his Senate seat on June 11 to focus more intently on his presidential campaign. After becoming the nominee, Dole selected the former secretary of housing and urban development of the Bush administration, Jack Kemp, as his running mate.

Candidates

Nominee

Candidate Most recent office Home State Campaign

Withdrawal date

Popular vote Contests won Running mate
Bob Dole Файл:Bob Dole, PCCWW photo portrait.JPG Senate Majority Leader
(1995–1996) 		Файл:Flag-map of Kansas.svg
Kansas 		Файл:Dole Kemp 1996 campaign logo.svg
(Campaign)
Secured nomination:
March 19, 1996 		9,024,742
(58.8%) 		46 Jack Kemp

Withdrew during convention

Withdrew during primaries

Withdrew before primary elections

Other Minor Candidates

Formed exploratory committee but did not run

Declined to run

Results

Шаблон:Incomplete

Date
Шаблон:Small 		Total pledged
delegates 		Contest Delegates won and popular vote Total
Bob Dole Pat Buchanan Steve Forbes Lamar Alexander Others
January 29 20 Alaska caucus 3
1,569 (17%) 		7
2,991 (32%) 		6
2,822 (31%)
53 (1%) 		4
1,806 (19%) 		9,241
February 6 Louisiana caucus –
(44%) 		– –
(46%)
February 12 25 Iowa caucus 7
25,461 (26%) 		6
22,578 (23%) 		2
9,861 (10%) 		4
17,052 (18%) 		6
21,810 (21%) 		96,762
February 20 16 New Hampshire primary 4
54,738 (26%) 		4
56,874 (27%) 		2
25,505 (12%) 		4
47,148 (22%) 		2
24,478 (9%) 		208,743
February 24 13 Delaware primary 4
8,909 (27%) 		3
6,118 (19%) 		5
10,709 (33%) 		2
4,375 (13%)
2,662 (12%) 		32,773
February 27
(78) 		38 Arizona primary 12
102,980 (30%) 		12
95,742 (27%) 		14
115,962 (33%)
24,765 (7%)
8,033 (2%) 		347,482
20 North Dakota primary 9
26,832 (42%) 		4
11,653 (18%) 		4
12,455 (20%)
4,008 (6%) 		3
8,786 (13%) 		63,734
20 South Dakota primary 10
30,918 (45%) 		7
19,780 (29%) 		3
8,831 (13%)
6,037 (9%)
3,604 (4%) 		69,170
March 2
(58) 		38 South Carolina primary 18
124,904 (45%) 		11
80,824 (29%) 		5
35,039 (13%) 		4
28,647 (10%)
7,327 (2%) 		276,741
20 Wyoming caucus 10
370 (40%) 		5
181 (18%) 		5
161 (17%)
66 (7%)
61 (7%) 		839
March 3 20 Puerto Rico primary 20
233,743 (98%)
844 (0%)
1,078 (0%)
1,273 (0%)
1,604 (0%) 		238,541
March 5
(Super Tuesday)
(252) 		28 Colorado primary 14
108,123 (43%) 		7
53,376 (21%) 		7
51,592 (21%)
24,184 (10%)
10,655 (5%) 		247,930
28 Connecticut primary 17
70,998 (54%) 		5
19,664 (15%) 		6
26,253 (20%)
6,985 (5%)
6,518 (3%) 		130,418
43 Georgia primary 18
226,732 (41%) 		13
162,627 (29%) 		6
71,276 (13%) 		6
75,855 (14%)
21,916 (3%) 		558,406
16 Maine primary 9
31,147 (46%) 		5
16,478 (24%) 		3
9,991 (15%)
4,450 (7%)
5,214 (5%) 		67,280
34 Maryland primary 21
135,522 (53%) 		8
53,585 (21%) 		5
32,207 (13%)
14,061 (6%)
18,871 (6%) 		254,246
40 Massachusetts primary 22
135,946 (48%) 		12
71,688 (25%) 		6
39,605 (14%)
21,456 (8%)
16,138 (4%) 		284,833
34 Minnesota caucus 17
11,641 (41%) 		13
9,353 (33%) 		4
2,910 (10%)
1,300 (5%)
2,684 (10%) 		27,888
16 Rhode Island primary 11
9,706 (64%)
387 (3%)
128 (1%)
2,866 (19%) 		2
1,971 (4%) 		15,058
13 Vermont primary 5
23,419 (40%) 		2
9,730 (17%) 		2
9,066 (16%) 		1
6,145 (11%) 		2
9,757 (15%) 		58,117
March 7 New York primary
(55%)
(15%)
(30%) 		– –
March 9 Missouri caucus
(28%)
(36%)
(1%) 		–
(9%)
March 12 Florida primary
(57%)
(18%)
(20%)
(1%)
(5%)
Louisiana primary
(48%)
(33%)
(12%)
(2%)
(1%)
Mississippi primary
(60%)
(26%)
(8%)
(2%)
(4%)
Oklahoma primary
(59%)
(22%)
(14%)
(1%)
(2%)
Oregon primary
(51%)
(21%)
(13%)
(7%)
(5%)
Tennessee primary
(51%)
(25%)
(8%)
(11%)
(3%)
Texas primary
(56%)
(21%)
(13%)
(2%)
(6%)
March 19 Illinois primary
(65%)
(23%)
(5%)
(1%)
(6%)
Michigan primary
(51%)
(34%)
(5%)
(1%)
(3%)
Ohio primary
(66%)
(22%)
(6%)
(3%)
(3%)
Wisconsin primary
(53%)
(34%)
(6%)
(2%)
(3%)
March 26 California primary
(66%)
(18%)
(7%)
(2%)
(7%)
Nevada primary
(52%)
(15%)
(19%)
(2%)
(1%)
Washington primary
(63%)
(21%)
(9%)
(1%)
(5%)
April 23 Pennsylvania primary
(64%)
(18%)
(8%) 		–
(11%)
May 7 Washington D.C. primary
(75%)
(9%) 		– – –
Indiana primary
(71%)
(19%)
(10%) 		– –
North Carolina primary
(71%)
(13%)
(4%)
(2%)
(5%)
May 14 Nebraska primary
(76%)
(10%)
(6%)
(3%)
(3%)
West Virginia primary
(69%)
(16%)
(5%)
(3%)
(7%)
May 21 Arkansas primary
(76%)
(23%) 		– – –
May 28 Idaho primary
(66%)
(22%) 		– –
(5%)
Kentucky primary
(48%)
(33%)
(13%)
(2%)
(4%)
June 1 Virginia caucus Unknown – – – –
June 4 Alabama primary
(76%)
(16%) 		– –
(3%)
Montana primary
(61%)
(24%)
(7%) 		– –
New Jersey primary
(82%)
(11%) 		– –
(7%)
New Mexico primary
(76%)
(8%)
(6%)
(4%)
(4%)
Total[12] 9,024,742 (58.8%) 3,184,943 (20.8%) 1,751,187 (11.4%) 495,590 (3.2%) 856,881 (5.6%)

Nationwide

Convention tally:

Notable endorsements

Bob Dole

Pat Buchanan

Steve Forbes

Lamar Alexander

Phil Gramm

Pete Wilson

Convention and vice presidential selection

The delegates at the Republican National Convention formally nominated Dole on August 15, 1996, as the GOP presidential candidate for the general election. Dole was the oldest first-time presidential nominee at the age of 73 years, 1 month (Ronald Reagan was 73 years, 6 months in 1984, for his second presidential nomination).

Former Representative and Cabinet secretary Jack Kemp was nominated by acclamation as Dole's running mate the following day. Republican Party of Texas convention delegates informally nominated Alan Keyes as their preference for Vice President.

Other politicians mentioned as possible GOP V.P. nominees before Kemp was selected included:

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:U.S. presidential primaries Шаблон:1996 United States presidential election

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Anchorage Daily News. January 31, 1996. p. 1b
  3. ↑ The Advocate [Baton Rouge]. Feb.7, 1996. p. A1
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Citation.
  11. ↑ AllPolitics – Steve Forbes
  12. ↑ 12,00 12,01 12,02 12,03 12,04 12,05 12,06 12,07 12,08 12,09 12,10 12,11 12,12 Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ "Dole wins both Dakotas, but is lagging in Arizona." Toledo Blade. February 28, 1996. Accessed December 2, 2009. Final paragraph: Mr. Mecham is supporting Buchanan "all the way," and he still has an effective organization in the state.
  20. ↑ 20,00 20,01 20,02 20,03 20,04 20,05 20,06 20,07 20,08 20,09 20,10 20,11 20,12 20,13 20,14 20,15 20,16 Шаблон:Cite web
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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