Английская Википедия:1996 Serbian local elections

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Шаблон:Short description Local elections were held in Serbia over two rounds on 3 November and 17 November 1996, concurrently with the 1996 Vojvodina provincial election; the first day of voting also coincided with the 1996 Yugoslavian parliamentary election and the 1996 Montenegrin parliamentary election.[1] This was the third local electoral cycle held while Serbia was a member of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the last time that Serbia oversaw local elections throughout Kosovo and Metohija until its parallel elections in 2008.

Delegates to city and municipal assemblies were elected in single-member constituencies; if no candidate secured a majority in the first round of voting, the top two candidates would face each other in a runoff vote in the second round.

Campaign and aftermath

The elections took place during the time of Slobodan Milošević's authoritarian rule as president of Serbia. In most major jurisdictions, Milošević's Socialist Party of Serbia (SPS) ran in an alliance with the Yugoslav Left (JUL) and New Democracy (ND).

The main opposition grouping was the Zajedno (English: Together) alliance, which was officially formed in September 1996 by the Democratic Party (DS), the Serbian Renewal Movement (SPO), and the Civic Alliance of Serbia (GSS).[2] The Democratic Party of Serbia (DSS) participated in the Zajedno alliance in some jurisdictions (including Kragujevac, Pančevo, Smederevo, and Čačak) and contested other areas, such as Belgrade, on its own.[3]

The far-right Serbian Radical Party (SRS) contested the election on its own, directing its attacks on both Milošević and Zajedno.[4]

The election results were marked by weeks of controversy. Zajedno claimed victory in several major jurisdictions, but in most instances the SPS did not accept defeat and the local election commissions (often controlled by allies of Milošević) refused to certify the opposition's wins. In Belgrade, the election commission invalidated the results in thirty-three constituencies won by Zajedno and called a third round of voting for 27 November. The Zajedno parties boycotted the third round, charging an abuse of process.[5] These events led to the 1996–1997 protests in Serbia, in which student and opposition groups held a series of non-violent street rallies against the Milošević government.

The Milošević government held a counter-rally in Belgrade on 24 December 1996, which drew only sixty thousand attendees (many of whom had been brought in from rural areas) against three hundred thousand opposition protesters.[6] Three days later, a delegation from the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) ruled that the opposition had indeed won several of the disputed elections, including in Belgrade, Niš, Pančevo, and Zrenjanin.[7] The Serbian government began to soften its position, accepting the opposition's victory in Niš on 8 January 1997.[8] The Belgrade election commission announced on 17 January that Zajedno had won the elections; the government initially refused to accept this ruling, but on 13 February (following police attacks on the opposition demonstrators that were condemned internationally) the Serbian parliament approved a lex specialis that affirmed almost all of the victories claimed by Zajedno.[9] The protests wound down after this time, and the Zajedno coalition took power in Belgrade and several other cities.

Ultimately, the parties in Zajedno were not able to remain united at the republic level, and the coalition fell apart in Belgrade before the year was over. In other jurisdictions, including Novi Sad, the parties were able to maintain their alliance until the next local election cycle in 2000.

Results

Unless otherwise noted, vote totals and percentages refer to the results in the first round of voting.

Belgrade

Elections were held at the city level and in all of Belgrade's constituent municipalities. The Zajedno alliance won a majority victory in the city, as well as winning control of most municipal assemblies. The Socialists won a smaller number of victories, mostly in the city's outer suburbs, while the Radicals won control of Zemun.

City of Belgrade

Results of the election for the City Assembly of Belgrade:

Шаблон:Election results

DS leader Zoran Đinđić was chosen as mayor on 21 February 1997, by a vote of sixty-eight to twenty-four among the city assembly's delegates. There were sixteen abstentions and one delegate was absent.[10] Zajedno gained another seat shortly after the election, when DSS delegate Aleksandra Joksimović joined the DS.[11]

The SPO left the Zajedno alliance later in the year. Đinđić was dismissed as mayor on 30 September 1997, via an SPO motion that was supported by the SPS and SRS. Sixty-seven of the sixty-eight delegates present voted for Đinđić 's dismissal; the other delegate abstained. The non-SPO members of Zajedno boycotted this sitting of the assembly on the grounds that it had been improperly constituted.[12] Milan Božić of the SPO became the city's acting mayor, and the SPO held all of the major positions in the city government with the informal support of the SPS and SRS. Božić was the acting mayor for almost a year and a half before Vojislav Mihailović, also of the SPO, was voted to the position by the assembly in January 1999.

Municipalities of Belgrade

Barajevo

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Barajevo:

Шаблон:Election results

Milan Damnjanović of the Socialist Party was chosen as mayor after the election.[13]

Čukarica

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Čukarica:

Шаблон:Election results

Zoran Alimpić of the Democratic Party was chosen as mayor after the election.[14]

Grocka

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Grocka:

Шаблон:Election results

Incumbent mayor Milan Janković of the Socialist Party was confirmed for another term in office after the election.[15]

Lazarevac

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Lazarevac:

Шаблон:Election results

Živko Živković of the Socialist Party was chosen as mayor after the election.[16]

Mladenovac

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Mladenovac:

Шаблон:Election results

Predrag Čokić of Zajedno was chosen as mayor after the election, by a vote of 28 to 27.[17][18][19] This was one of two municipalities where the lex specialis did not recognize a victory claimed by Zajedno, although the coalition managed to form government in any event.

New Belgrade

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of New Belgrade:

Шаблон:Election results

Incumbent mayor Čedomir Ždrnja of the Socialist Party was confirmed for another term in office after the election.[20] This was one of two municipalities where the lex specialis did not recognize a victory claimed by Zajedno.

Obrenovac

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Obrenovac:

Шаблон:Election results

Palilula

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Palilula:

Шаблон:Election results

Gordana Tomić of the Democratic Party was chosen as mayor after the election.[21]

Rakovica

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Rakovica:

Шаблон:Election results

Predrag Dokmanović of the Serbian Renewal Movement was chosen as mayor after the election.[22]

Savski Venac

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Savski Venac:

Шаблон:Election results

Zdravko Krstić of the Serbian Renewal Movement was chosen as mayor after the election.[23]

Sopot

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Sopot:

Шаблон:Election results

Incumbent mayor Živorad Milosavljević of the Socialist Party was confirmed for another term in office after the election.[24]

Stari Grad

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Stari Grad:

Шаблон:Election results

Incumbent mayor Jovan Kažić of the Serbian Renewal Movement was confirmed for another term in office after the election.[25]

Voždovac

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Voždovac:

Шаблон:Election results

Nebojša Atanacković of the Serbian Renewal Movement was chosen as mayor after the election.[26]

Vračar

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Vračar:

Шаблон:Election results

Milena Milošević of the Democratic Party was chosen as mayor after the election.[27]

Zemun

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Zemun:

Шаблон:Election results

Radical Party leader Vojislav Šešelj was chosen as mayor after the election.[28] He was replaced in 1998 by Stevo Dragišić.

Zvezdara

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Zvezdara:

Шаблон:Election results

Vučeta Mandić of Zajedno was chosen as mayor after the election.[29]

Vojvodina

Шаблон:Expand section

South Bačka District

Elections were held in all twelve municipalities of the South Bačka District. The Zajedno alliance won a convincing victory in Novi Sad, while the Socialist Party and Yugoslav Left won a number of the neighbouring jurisdictions. Independent candidates won a majority of seats in Bački Petrovac, and the Radical Party won the greatest number of seats in Temerin.

Novi Sad

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Novi Sad:

Шаблон:Election results

Mihajlo Svilar of the Serbian Renewal Movement was chosen as mayor after the election.[30] He was replaced on 18 June 1997 by fellow SPO member Stevan Vrbaški.

Gordana Čomić of the Democratic Party served on Novi Sad's executive committee in 1997.[31]

Bač

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Bač:

Шаблон:Election results

Bačka Palanka

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Bačka Palanka:

Шаблон:Election results

Bački Petrovac

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Bački Petrovac:

Шаблон:Election results

Incumbent mayor Juraj Červenak was confirmed for another term in office after the election.[32]

Bečej

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Bečej:

Шаблон:Election results

Incumbent mayor Endre Husag of the Alliance of Vojvodina Hungarians was confirmed for another term in office after the election.[33]

Beočin

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Beočin:

Шаблон:Election results

Srbobran

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Srbobran:

Шаблон:Election results

Sremski Karlovci

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Sremski Karlovci:

Шаблон:Election results

Temerin

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Temerin:

Шаблон:Election results

Titel

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Titel:

Шаблон:Election results

Vrbas

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Vrbas:

Шаблон:Election results

Žabalj

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Žabalj:

Шаблон:Election results

Đorđe Đukić of the Democratic Party was chosen as mayor after the election.[34]

Central Serbia (excluding Belgrade)

Шаблон:Expand section

Nišava District

Local elections were held in the one city (Niš) and the six other municipalities of the Nišava District. Following the opposition protests, it was recognized that the Zajedno alliance won a majority of seats in the election for the City Assembly of Niš. The Socialist Party won majority victories in all six of the smaller communities.

Niš

Results of the election for the City Assembly of Niš:

Шаблон:Election results

Zoran Živković of the Democratic Party was chosen as mayor after the election.[35] Zoran Krasić ran as a Radical Party candidate and was the party's presumptive nominee for mayor; he was not elected to the assembly.[36][37]

Aleksinac

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Aleksinac:

Шаблон:Election results

Slobodan Stevanović of the Socialist Party served as mayor after the election.[38]

Doljevac

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Doljevac:

Шаблон:Election results

Incumbent mayor Aleksandar Cvetković of the Socialist Party was confirmed for another term in office after the election.[39]

Gadžin Han

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Gadžin Han:

Шаблон:Election results

Incumbent mayor Siniša Stamenković of the Socialist Party was confirmed for another term in office after the election.[40]

Merošina

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Merošina:

Шаблон:Election results

Ražanj

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Ražanj:

Шаблон:Election results

Svrljig

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Svrljig:

Шаблон:Election results

Šumadija District

Elections were held in all seven municipalities of the Šumadija District. The Zajedno coalition won in the city of Kragujevac and also in the municipality of Lapovo. The Socialist Party won majority victories in four of the other municipalities; in Batočina, the Yugoslav Left formed a minority administration with the support of the Socialists and some independent delegates.

Kragujevac

Results of the election for the City Assembly of Kragujevac:

Шаблон:Election results

The Milošević government did not contest the opposition's victory in Kragujevac.[41] Veroljub Stevanović of the Serbian Renewal Movement became mayor after the election.[42] The Zajedno government in the city remained together for the full term that followed.

Aranđelovac

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Aranđelovac:

Шаблон:Election results

Batočina

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Batočina:

Шаблон:Election results

Slobodan Živulović of the Yugoslav Left served as mayor after the election.[43]

Knić

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Knić:

Шаблон:Election results

Lapovo

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Lapovo:

Шаблон:Election results

Dragan Zlatković of the Serbian Renewal Movement served as mayor after the election.[44] Future parliamentarian Mirko Čikiriz, also of the Serbian Renewal Movement, served as secretary of the municipal assembly and the municipal administration in 1997–98.[45]

Rača

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Rača:

Шаблон:Election results

Topola

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Topola:

Шаблон:Election results

Incumbent mayor Žarko Jovanović of the Socialist Party of Serbia was confirmed for another term in office after the election.[46]

Kosovo and Metohija

Шаблон:Expand section The elections in Kosovo and Metohija were largely boycotted by members of the Kosovo Albanian community, which had set up parallel governing structures in the province.

Kosovska Mitrovica District

Local elections were held in all six municipalities of the Kosovska Mitrovica District. The Socialist Party won majority victories in all jurisdictions except Zvečan, where no party won a majority and an incumbent from the opposition was confirmed in office for another term.

Kosovska Mitrovica

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Kosovska Mitrovica:

Шаблон:Election results

Following the Kosovo War, Kosovska Mitrovica became divided between the predominantly Serb north and the predominantly Albanian south. Nikola Radović, presumably of the Socialist Party, served as mayor of the northern section from 1999 to 2002 (his mandate having been extended).[47] Online sources due not clarify if he was also the mayor of a united Kosovska Mitrovica prior to the war. Bajram Rexhepi served as mayor of the southern half of the city, which was beyond the control of the Serbian authorities.[48][49]

Leposavić

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Leposavić:

Шаблон:Election results

Dragan Jablanović of the Socialist Party served as mayor after the election.[50]

Srbica

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Srbica:

Шаблон:Election results

Slavica Jeradić of the Socialist Party served as president of the assembly's executive board.[51]

Following the Kosovo War, control of the municipality passed out of the hands of the Serbian authorities. An August 2000 report in the Christian Science Monitor indicated that former Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) soldiers affiliated with the Democratic Party of Kosovo exercised "virtual complete control." Ramadan Gashi served as mayor of a provisional authority.[52]

Vučitrn

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Vučitrn:

Шаблон:Election results

Slobodan Doknić, presumably of the Socialist Party, served as mayor after the election.[53]

Following the Kosovo War, control of the municipality passed out of the hands of the Serbian authorities. Xhemalj Pllani of the Party for the Democratic Progress of Kosovo (later the Democratic Party of Kosovo) became a provisional mayor in the municipality; his position was later formalized by the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK).[54]

Zubin Potok

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Zubin Potok:

Шаблон:Election results

Srđan Vulović of the Socialist Party of Serbia served as mayor during the term that followed.[55]

Zvečan

Results of the election for the Municipal Assembly of Zvečan:

Шаблон:Election results

Incumbent mayor Desimir Petković was confirmed for another term in office after the election.[56][57] He was removed from office in June 2000 and replaced by Miomira Ignjatović.[58]

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Serbian elections

  1. Europa World Year, Book 2, 2004, p. 3696
  2. Robert Thomas, Serbia Under Miloševic: Politics in the 1990s, (London: Hurst & Company), 1999, p. 277. Several months of negotiations between the parties had taken place prior to the formal announcement of the alliance.
  3. Thomas, Serbia Under Milošević, p. 285.
  4. Thomas, Serbia Under Milošević, pp. 270-271.
  5. Thomas, Serbia Under Milošević, pp. 286-287.
  6. Thomas, Serbia Under Milošević, pp. 302-303.
  7. Thomas, Serbia Under Milošević, p. 306.
  8. Thomas, Serbia Under Milošević, p. 309.
  9. Thomas, Serbia Under Milošević, p. 315. Only two of the disputed jurisdictions were omitted from the lex specialis: the Belgrade municipalities of New Belgrade and Mladenovac. The SPS–JUL alliance remained in power in New Belgrade. In Mladenovac, two seats claimed by Zajedno were not given to the party; a Zajedno member later said this was an accidental oversight and should have been included in the law. Zajedno was able to form government in the municipality in any event. See "MILADIN MUTA MILIĆ (1957)", Mladenovčani, 2 July 2021, accessed 21 August 2021.
  10. Toronto Star, 22 February 1997, A17.
  11. Thomas, Serbia Under Milošević, p. 315.
  12. Thomas, Serbia Under Milošević, p. 351.
  13. Službeni List (Grada Beograda), 11 April 1997, p. 145.
  14. "Znalac gradskih poslova", Danas, 10 October 2007, accessed 21 August 2021.
  15. Milan Janković - Žire, City of Belgrade, accessed 20 August 2021.
  16. Službeni List (Grada Beograda), 10 December 1996, p. 470.
  17. "Belgrade students call suspension of opposition rallies 'mistake'," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring Service: Central Europe & Balkans, 19 February 1997 (Source: Serbian Radio, Belgrade, in Serbo-Croat 1400 gmt 17 Feb 97).
  18. "I docek i godisnjica protestne setnje", Naša Borba, 14 January 1998, accessed 21 August 2021.
  19. "MILADIN MUTA MILIĆ (1957)", Mladenovčani, 2 July 2021, accessed 21 August 2021.
  20. "Assembly constituted in important suburb," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring Service: Central Europe & Balkans, 17 January 1997 (Source: Tanjug news agency, Belgrade, in Serbo-Croat 1839 gmt 15 Jan 97).
  21. Službeni List (Grada Beograda), 22 February 1997, p. 40.
  22. "NATO strikes said to have damaged monastery, school, libraries in Belgrade," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring Service: Central Europe & Balkans, 17 April 1998 (Source: Tanjug news agency, Belgrade, in English 1335 gmt 15 Apr 99).
  23. Uroš Komlenović, "Shots at the Mayor", Vreme, 23 August 1997, accessed 21 August 2021.
  24. "Живорад Милосављевић", Municipality of Sopot, accessed 5 May 2021.
  25. Stari Grad (Grada Beograda), 10 December 1996, p. 466.
  26. M.T. Kovačević, "I Voždovac i Zemun idu na izbore?!", Novosti, 6 February 2016, accessed 19 August 2021.
  27. S. Janjić and J. Subin, "Iz fotelje posle decenije", Novosti, 8 June 2006, accessed 7 June 2021.
  28. Thomas, Serbia Under Milošević, p. 301.
  29. IZBEGLICE, NIN, 23 September 1999.
  30. "Novi Sad City Assembly Speaker Urges Students to Continue Demonstrations," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring Service: Central Europe & Balkans, 13 December 1996 (Source: Bosnian Serb agency SNRA in Serbo-Croat 1813 gmt 11 Dec 96).
  31. Gordana Comic, Шаблон:Webarchive, National Assembly of the Republic of Serbia, accessed 20 May 2022.
  32. "Yugoslavian Matica Slovenska Visits Slovakia," TASR, 28 January 1998.
  33. "Komemoracija: Tragično preminuo Endre Husag", Bečejski Mozaik, 30 April 2014, accessed 23 August 2021.
  34. "Čanak predsednik", Glas javnosti, 24 October 2000, accessed 23 August 2021.
  35. "Zoran Živković", Južne vesti, 22 May 2017, accessed 5 January 2022.
  36. Velika Srbija [Radical Party publication], Number 156 (October 1996), p. 3.
  37. Skupština Grada Niša, Шаблон:Cite web, City of Niš, accessed 10 December 2021.
  38. "Tražite pare od Mrkonjića!", Glas javnosti, 23 April 2000, accessed 5 January 2022.
  39. Начелник округа, Шаблон:Webarchive, Nišava District, accessed 5 January 2022.
  40. "Da Zaplanje ne bude bežanje", Glas javnosti, 29 December 2001, accessed 4 January 2022.
  41. Thomas, p. 311.
  42. Veroljub Stevanović, istinomer.rs, accessed 15 April 2022.
  43. "Čamci zamenili automobile", Glas javnosti, 13 July 1999, accessed 15 April 2022.
  44. "Der 'Verband der Freien Städte und Gemeinden Serbiens'," Ost-West-Contact, 1 July 2000.
  45. MIRKO ČIKIRIZ, Otvoreni Parlament, accessed 19 August 2020.
  46. "Изложба фотографија председника Општине", Municipality of Topola, 20 September 2011, accessed 15 April 2022.
  47. "Kušner najavljuje izbore", Blic, 21 November 2000, accessed 4 February 2022.
  48. "Albanian mayor of Mitrovica distances himself from marchers," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring European - Political, 21 February 2000 (Source: Text of report by Serbian news agency Beta).
  49. "Poslanici 'Povratka' ne učestvuju u zasedanju Skupštine", B92, 27 November 2002, accessed 4 February 2022.
  50. "Zoran Todić novi predsednik Privremenog organa Leposavića; Vlada razrešila Jablanovića", Kosovo Sever portal, 6 October 2015, accessed 4 February 2022.
  51. "Potraga za teroristima nije zavrsena", Naša borba, 13 March 1998, accessed 4 February 2022.
  52. Richard Mertens, "Political violence in run-up to Kosovo vote," The Christian Science Monitor, 15 August 2000, p. 9.
  53. "'Stavljali mi nož pod grlo'", Glas javnosti, 23-24 January 1999, accessed 4 February 2022.
  54. Municipal Profile: Vucitrn/Vushtrri, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe Mission in Kosovo, 5 April 2000, accessed 4 February 2022.
  55. "Kušner najavljuje izbore", Blic, 21 November 2000, accessed 4 February 2022.
  56. PeaceWatch, United States Institute of Peace, Vol. VII No. 3 (April 2001), p. 5.
  57. "Peacekeepers accused of conducting 'brutal search' of Kosovo Serb village," British Broadcasting Corporation Monitoring Service: Central Europe & Balkans, 2 March 2000 (Source: Tanjug news agency, Belgrade, in English 0851 gmt 29 Feb 00).
  58. "Kušner najavljuje izbore", Blic, 21 November 2000, accessed 4 February 2022.