Английская Википедия:1997 Milan municipal election
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox election
Municipal elections were held in Milan on 27 April and 11 May 1997 to elect the Mayor of Milan and the 60 members of the City Council.
As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held between the top two candidates – Gabriele Albertini, a businessman close to Silvio Berlusconi's Forza Italia (FI) and Aldo Fumagalli, a young businessman and former president of Milan Young Entrepreneurs' Confederation, supported by The Olive Tree coalition – which Albertini won by a decisive margin.[1]
The incumbent Mayor Marco Formentini came third and couldn't access to the second round of the election.[1]
Background
During the previous years, the incumbent mayor Marco Formentini was repeatedly criticized for his controversial administrative choices. In August 1994 his decision to move the far-left self-managed social centre Leoncavallo from its historic headquarters to a small warehouse resulted in many violent clashes between activists and police in several streets across the city.[2] In November 1995 he struggled to handle an unprecedented waste management crisis which resulted in mountains of garbage left not collected in the streets.[3] In February 1996 his administration was put at risk by an inquiry on an alleged abuse of power which overwhelmed the deputy Mayor and some members of the municipal executive: in May 1996 Formentini hardly survived a motion of no confidence in the City Council thanks to the support of two councillors of the opposition parties.[4] His decision to seek re-election was seen by many as a hard and unrealistic move.
Against the Mayor, the newborn Forza Italia party (FI) presented its own mayoral candidate: the businessman Gabriele Albertini, president of the Italian Mechanical Engineers' Trade Union Federation. Seen as a member of the catholic milanese middle class, Albertini was the right profile for represent the new political experiment led by the milanese successful businessman and former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi.[5] Forza Italia and Pole for Freedoms coalition's aim was to attract moderate voters who were "disoriented, political orphans and who risked being unrepresented" (as Berlusconi described them), especially after the Democratic Party of the Left (PDS) (the direct heir of the Italian Communist Party) had been able to win the 1996 national general election and enter in government for the first time since 1947. At the same time in March 1997 the centre-left government's popularity was sinking, especially because of its handling of the Albanian civil war which resulted in a huge number of Albanian refugees admitted to Italy and redistributed across the country with the subsequent protest of many right-wing parties and movements.[6]
Despite a common position upon the Albanian refugees problem, at the local level right-wing forces were unable to find a deal. In December 1994 Northern League leader Umberto Bossi had broken the alliance with Berlusconi, causing his government to fall. As a consequence of this political split which was still unresolved after three years and because of Formentini's unstable administration, the centre-right Pole for Freedoms coalition finally decided to rule out a possible alliance with the Northern League (LN).[5]
The centre-left coalition decided to present the 38-years old independent businessman Aldo Fumagalli as its mayoral candidate. As a consequence of the frequent tensions with Prime Minister Romano Prodi, the far-left Communist Refoundation Party (PRC) decided to broke the alliance with the centre-left at the local level and presented the civil rights activistic Umberto Gay as candidate for Mayor.[7]
Voting system
The semipresidential voting system was the one used for all mayoral elections in Italy of cities with a population higher than 15,000 for the second time. Under this system voters express a direct choice for the Mayor or an indirect choice voting for the party of the candidate's coalition. If no candidate receives at least 50% of votes, the top two candidates go to a second round after two weeks. This gives a result whereby the winning candidate may be able to claim majority support.
The election of the City Council is based on a direct choice for the candidate with a preference vote: the candidate with the majority of the preferences is elected. The number of the seats for each losing party is determined proportionally.
Parties and candidates
This is a list of the major parties (and their respective leaders) which participated in the election.
| Political party or alliance | Constituent lists | Candidate | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color"| | Communist Refoundation Party | Umberto Gay | ||
| rowspan=4 style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color"| | Centre-left coalition (The Olive Tree) |
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Democratic Party of the Left | Aldo Fumagalli |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Italian People's Party | |||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Federation of the Greens | |||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Others | |||
| style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color"| | Northern League | Marco Formentini | ||
| rowspan=4 style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color"| | Centre-right coalition (Pole for Freedoms) |
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Forza Italia | Gabriele Albertini |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | National Alliance | |||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Christian Democratic Centre | |||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Others | |||
Results
Gabriele Albertini won the election on the second round and on 12 May 1997 he was officially declared the new Mayor of Milan. At that time he led the very first right-wing municipal administration in the history of the city.
| Candidates | 1st round | 2nd round | Leader's seat |
Parties | Votes | % | Seats | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" rowspan=6| | Gabriele Albertini | 318,063 | 40.71 | 385,496 | 53.14 | – | Forza Italia – United Christian Democrats | 192,814 | 29.76 | 25 | |
| National Alliance | 77,134 | 11.90 | 10 | ||||||||
| Christian Democratic Centre | 9,337 | 1.44 | 1 | ||||||||
| Federalist Party – Liberals – Union of the Centre | 2,314 | 0.36 | – | ||||||||
| Pensioners' Party | 1,879 | 0.29 | – | ||||||||
| Total | 283,478 | 43.75 | 36 | ||||||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" rowspan=6| | Aldo Fumagalli | 214,728 | 27.48 | 339,942 | 46.86 | Шаблон:Tick | Democratic Party of the Left | 120,999 | 18.67 | 9 | |
| Italian People's Party | 18,239 | 2.82 | 1 | ||||||||
| Federation of the Greens | 17,148 | 2.65 | 1 | ||||||||
| Democratic Italy | 5,929 | 0.92 | – | ||||||||
| Pact for Milan | 3,191 | 0.49 | – | ||||||||
| Total | 165,506 | 25.54 | 11 | ||||||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" rowspan=5| | Marco Formentini | 149,501 | 19.14 | – | – | Шаблон:Tick | Northern League | 100,184 | 15.46 | 7 | |
| Padanian Workers | 2,141 | 0.33 | – | ||||||||
| Padania Safe Pension | 1,611 | 0.25 | – | ||||||||
| Craftsmen Traders Industrialists | 1,200 | 0.19 | – | ||||||||
| Total | 105,136 | 16.23 | 7 | ||||||||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Umberto Gay | 62,897 | 8.05 | – | – | Шаблон:Tick | bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | Communist Refoundation Party | 59,101 | 9.12 | 3 |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Giorgio Santerini | 7,154 | 0.92 | – | – | – | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | United Socialists (SI – PS) | 7,337 | 1.13 | – |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Giancarlo Cito | 5,879 | 0.75 | – | – | – | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Southern Action League | 5,539 | 0.85 | – |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Tomaso Staiti di Cuddia delle Chiuse |
5,020 | 0.64 | – | – | – | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Tricolour Flame | 4,686 | 0.72 | – |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Antonio Marinoni | 4,864 | 0.62 | – | – | – | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Italian Renewal | 4,570 | 0.71 | – |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Giorgio Schultze | 3,248 | 0.42 | – | – | – | bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| | Humanist Party | 2,963 | 0.46 | – |
| Marco Tordelli | 2,758 | 0.35 | – | – | – | Federal Italy | 2,594 | 0.40 | – | ||
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Giovanni Bucci | 2,005 | 0.26 | – | – | – | FederItalia | 1,895 | 0.29 | – | |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Ugo Sarao | 1,956 | 0.25 | – | – | – | Pensions and Work | 1,864 | 0.29 | – | |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Giovanni Fabbrini | 1,487 | 0.19 | – | – | – | Out of the Lie | 1,536 | 0.24 | – | |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Sergio Bontempelli | 947 | 0.12 | – | – | – | Civil City | 1,019 | 0.16 | – | |
| bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Ugo Frisoli | 754 | 0.10 | – | – | – | United Italy | 697 | 0.11 | – | |
| Total | 781,261 | 100.00 | 725,438 | 100.00 | 3 | 647,921 | 100.00 | 57 | |||
| Eligible voters | 1 143 462 | 100.00 | 1 143 462 | 100.00 | |||||||
| Did not vote | 321 043 | 28.08 | 390 653 | 34.16 | |||||||
| Voted | 822 419 | 71.92 | 752 809 | 65.84 | |||||||
| Blank or invalid ballots | 53 900 | 1.5 | 35 229 | 2.1 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 781 261 | 98.5 | 725 438 | 97.9 | |||||||
| Source: Ministry of the Interior | |||||||||||
References
- Английская Википедия
- Страницы с неработающими файловыми ссылками
- 1997 elections in Italy
- City council elections in Italy
- Mayoral elections in Italy
- Elections in Milan
- Страницы, где используется шаблон "Навигационная таблица/Телепорт"
- Страницы с телепортом
- Википедия
- Статья из Википедии
- Статья из Английской Википедии
