Английская Википедия:19th G7 summit
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox summit
The 19th G7 Summit was held in Tokyo, Japan, on July 7–9, 1993. The venue for the summit meetings was the State Guesthouse in Tokyo, Japan.[1]
The Group of Seven (G7) was an unofficial forum which brought together the heads of the richest industrialized countries: France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada (since 1976),[2] and the President of the European Commission (starting officially in 1981).[3] The summits were not meant to be linked formally with wider international institutions; and in fact, a mild rebellion against the stiff formality of other international meetings was a part of the genesis of cooperation between France's president Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and West Germany's chancellor Helmut Schmidt as they conceived the first Group of Six (G6) summit in 1975.[4]
Leaders at the summit
The G7 is an unofficial annual forum for the leaders of Canada, the European Commission, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States.[3]
The 19th G7 summit was the first summit for US President Bill Clinton and the last summit for Japanese Prime Minister Kiichi Miyazawa. It was also the first and only summit for Canadian Prime Minister Kim Campbell and Italian Prime Minister Carlo Azeglio Ciampi.
Participants
These summit participants are the current "core members" of the international forum:[5][1][6]
Issues
The summit was intended as a venue for resolving differences among its members. As a practical matter, the summit was also conceived as an opportunity for its members to give each other mutual encouragement in the face of difficult economic decisions.[4] Issues which were discussed at this summit included:
- World Economy
- Trade
- The Environment
- Russia and Other Countries in Transition
- The Developing Countries
- International Cooperation and Future Summits
Accomplishments
In 1993, the summit leaders called for an "international agreement" to "protect forests," but there is little evidence of follow-up action.[7]
Gallery
See also
Notes
References
- Bayne, Nicholas and Robert D. Putnam. (2000). Hanging in There: The G7 and G8 Summit in Maturity and Renewal. Aldershot, Hampshire, England: Ashgate Publishing. Шаблон:ISBN; OCLC 43186692
- Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations. London: Routledge. Шаблон:ISBN; Шаблон:ISBN; Шаблон:OCLC
External links
- No official website is created for any G7 summit prior to 1995 -- see the 21st G7 summit.
- University of Toronto: G8 Research Group, G8 Information Centre
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Japan, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA): Summit Meetings in the Past.. Accessed 2009-03-11. 2009-04-30.
- ↑ Saunders, Doug. "Weight of the world too heavy for G8 shoulders," Шаблон:Webarchive Globe and Mail (Toronto). July 5, 2008 -- n.b., the G7 becomes the Group of Eight (G7) with the inclusion of Russia starting in 1997.
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Reuters: "Factbox: The Group of Eight: what is it?", July 3, 2008.
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 Reinalda, Bob and Bertjan Verbeek. (1998). Autonomous Policy Making by International Organizations, p. 205.
- ↑ Rieffel, Lex. "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV)," Шаблон:Webarchive Brookings. March 27, 2009; "core" members (Muskoka 2010 G-8, official site). Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ MOFA: Summit (19); European Union: "EU and the G8" Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Sadruddin, Aga Khan. "It's Time to Save the Forests," New York Times. July 19, 2000.
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