Английская Википедия:1 Chronicles 20
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Bible chapter
1 Chronicles 20 is the twentieth chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.Шаблон:Sfn This chapter records the account of David's wars against the neighboring nations, especially the Ammonites and the Philistines.Шаблон:Sfn The whole chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David (1 Chronicles 9:35 to 29:30).Шаблон:Sfn
Text
This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 8 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Шаблон:Sfn
Extant manuscripts of a Koine Greek translation known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE, include Codex Vaticanus (B; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; <math> \mathfrak{G}</math>Q; 6th century).Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Efn
Old Testament references
Шаблон:Anchor The capture of Rabbah (20:1–3)
The passage parallels 2 Samuel 11:1; 12:26a, 30–31, leaving out the episodes involving David, Bathsheba and Uriah the Hittite as well as Шаблон:Bibleverse, which would be between verse 1 and 2.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn
Verse 2
- And David took the crown of their king from off his head, and found it to weigh a talent of gold, and there were precious stones in it; and it was set upon David's head: and he brought also exceeding much spoil out of the city.[2]
- "The crown of their king": from Hebrew: Шаблон:Lang Шаблон:Strong-number-Шаблон:Strong-number-Шаблон:Strong-number; rendered "the crown of Milkom" in NRSV, following Septuagint and Vulgate,[3] referring to "Milkom", 'the national deity of the Ammonites' (Шаблон:Bibleverse, 7, 33; Шаблон:Bibleverse).Шаблон:Sfn
- "Talent": a weight measurement about Шаблон:Convert[4]
- "Spoil": or "plunder"[5]
Шаблон:Anchor Battles against the Philistines (20:4–8)
This passage contains the accounts of three battles against the Philistines involving David's mighty warriors out of the four reported in Шаблон:Bibleverse.Шаблон:Sfn The episode where Abishai, the son of Zeruiah, saved David from being killed by Ishbi-benob is not included in the Chronicles, probably to avoid the unpleasant impression of a Philistine endangering David, so the number "four" appearing in Шаблон:Bibleverse is also removed in the corresponding verse 8.Шаблон:Sfn The Chronicles also harmonizes the confusing claims in the books of Samuel (Шаблон:Bibleverse, Шаблон:Bibleverse and Шаблон:Bibleverse) into a clearer statement in verse 5.Шаблон:Sfn
Verse 5
- And there was war again with the Philistines; and Elhanan the son of Jair slew Lahmi the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear staff was like a weaver's beam.[6]
- There was another battle with the Philistines in which Elhanan son of Jair the Bethlehemite killed the brother of Goliath the Gittite, whose spear had a shaft as big as the crossbeam of a weaver’s loom.[7]
The Hebrew text comparison with the corresponding verse Шаблон:Bibleverse demonstrates that the Chronicles (composed after the Babylonian exile) provides clarification to the older text written before the exile, as can be seen here (Hebrew text is read from right to left):[8]
- 2 Samuel 21:19: ויך אלחנן בן־יערי ארגים בית הלחמי את גלית
- transliteration: wa·yaḵ ’el·ḥā·nān ben-ya‘·rê ’ō·rə·ḡîm bêṯ ha·laḥ·mî, ’êṯ Шаблон:Strong
- English: "and killed Elhanan ben Jaare-Oregim bet-ha-Lahmi, (brother) of Goliath"
- 1 Chronicles 20:5: ויך אלחנן בן־יעיר את־לחמי אחי גלית
- transliteration: wa·yaḵ ’el·ḥā·nān ben-yā·‘îr ’eṯ-laḥ·mî, ’ă·ḥî Шаблон:Strong
- English: "and killed Elhanan ben Jair Lahmi, brother of Goliath"
The relation of Lahmi to Goliath in the older text (Samuel) is only given using the word "’êṯ" which can be rendered as "together with; related to", whereas in the newer version (Chronicles), it is given using the word "’ă·ḥî" meaning "brother".[8] Therefore it is clear in the Chronicles that David killed Goliath (as recorded in 1 Samuel 17), then Elhanan killed the brother of Goliath.Шаблон:Sfn[9][10][11]
It is also noted that the word "’ōregîm" (meaning "weaver") is written only once in this verse, but it is found twice in 2 Samuel, the first of which is attached to the proper name "Jaare" to be "Jaare-oregim", which may create confusion with the second use of the word to describe the weapon of the Philistine.[8]
Verse 8
- These were born to the giant in Gath, and they fell by the hand of David and by the hand of his servants.[12]
- "The giant": from Hebrew: Шаблон:Lang hā-Шаблон:Strong-number, "Rapha"[13] (NET Bible), whereas in 2 Samuel 21:22 it is written as Шаблон:Lang hā-Шаблон:Strong-number, "Raphah."[14] By slightly changing a consonant, the Chronicler presents "Rapha's descendants" as "Rephaites", who are legendary "giants" mentioned in Шаблон:Bibleverse, 20-21; 3:11-13. This elevates the significance of the mentioned battles, although it does not appear as such in the English translation.Шаблон:Sfn
See also
- Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 17, 2 Samuel 10, 2 Samuel 12, 2 Samuel 21, 1 Chronicles 19
Notes
References
Sources
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
External links
- Jewish translations:
- Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 20 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
- Christian translations:
- Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
- First Book of Chronicles Chapter 20. Bible Gateway
Шаблон:First Book of Chronicles
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1 Chronicles 20 Berean Study Bible. Biblehub
- ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse KJV
- ↑ Note [a] on 1 Chronicles 20:2 in NET Bible
- ↑ Note on 1 Chronicles 20:2 in ESV and MEV
- ↑ Note on 1 Chronicles 20:2 in NKJV
- ↑ Шаблон:Bibleverse KJV
- ↑ Шаблон:Bibleref2 NET Bible
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 8,2 Heiser, Michael S. "Clash of the Manuscripts: Goliath & the Hebrew Text of the Old Testament". Bible Study Magazine, October 31, 2014.
- ↑ KJV Today. "“Brother of Goliath” or “Goliath” in 2 Samuel 21:19?". Accessed October 31, 2018.
- ↑ Slick, Matt. "Who killed Goliath, David or Elhanan?". Bible Difficulties, Joshua - Esther, The Bible. Christian Apologetics & Research Ministry. November 28, 2008.
- ↑ Note [a] on 1 Chronicles 20:5 in NET Bible. Quote: "...it is likely that the accusative marker in front of Шаблон:Lang (lakhmi, "Lachmi") was originally Шаблон:Lang (bet), and that Шаблон:Lang (ʾet lakhmi) should be emended to Шаблон:Lang (bet hallakhmi, "the Bethlehemite")."
- ↑ Шаблон:Bibleref2 NKJV
- ↑ 1 Chronicles 20:8 Hebrew text analysis. Biblehub
- ↑ 2 Samuel 21:22 Hebrew text analysis. Biblehub
