Английская Википедия:2002 Massachusetts gubernatorial election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Infobox election Шаблон:ElectionsMA The 2002 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on November 5, 2002. Incumbent Republican acting governor Jane Swift chose not to seek a full term in office. Republican businessman Mitt Romney defeated Democratic Treasurer Shannon O'Brien.

This would be the last time Mitt Romney won this state, as in 2012, he lost the state to Barack Obama by a large margin.

Republican primary

Governor

Candidates

  • Mitt Romney, businessman and nominee for U.S. Senate in 1994
Withdrew

In 2002, Republican lieutenant governor Jane Swift was expected to campaign for the governor's office, and she had said she would in October 2001.[1] Swift had been serving as acting governor after Republican governor Paul Cellucci resigned upon being appointed U.S. Ambassador to Canada.[1] However, Swift was viewed as an unpopular executive, and her administration was plagued by political missteps and personal and ethical controversies.[1][2][3] Many Republicans viewed her as a liability and considered her unable to win a general election against a Democrat.[4]

Prominent GOP activists campaigned to persuade businessman Mitt Romney, who had previously run for the U.S. Senate from the state, to run for governor.[5] Romney was coming off a successful stint as head of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee for the Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games of 2002[1] and was also mentioned as a possible candidate for Governor of Utah.[3] Romney had previously indicated in fall 2001 that he would not challenge a sitting Republican in running for the Massachusetts governorship, and thus was in a delicate position.[1][3] Massachusetts Republican State Committee chair Kerry Healey had flown to Utah to personally assess Romney's intentions.[3]

On March 17, Romney flew to Massachusetts; a Boston Herald poll showed him defeating Swift by a 75 percent to 12 percent margin in a Republican primary.[3][6] Two days later, Swift declared that she had decided not to seek her party's nomination, citing family reasons and also saying "I believe that this is in the best interest of our state, as it will allow the Republican Party's best chances of holding the governor's office in November."[6] Three hours later, Romney announced his candidacy.[1] Romney was subsequently unopposed in the Republican party primary.[7]

Polling

Poll source Dates administered Mitt Romney Jane M. Swift
Boston Herald March 17, 2002 Шаблон:Party shading/Republican | 77% 12%

Lieutenant governor

Candidates

  • Kerry Healey, chair of the Massachusetts Republican Party
  • Jim Rappaport, former chair of the Massachusetts Republican Party and nominee for U.S. Senate in 1990
Withdrew
Declined

Jim Rappaport, the Republican nominee for United States Senate in 1990 and a political adversary of Jane Swift, was the first Republican to declare his candidacy for lieutenant governor.[13]

In February, Swift named Patrick Guerriero, her deputy chief of staff, as her running mate after multiple others, including Christy Mihos, declined.[12][14] Guerriero was the nation's first openly gay candidate for lieutenant governor.[15]

After Romney entered the race he selected Kerry Healey, former chairman of the Massachusetts Republican Party, to be his running mate.[16] Shortly after Romney's endorsement of Healey, Guerriero dropped out of the race and gave his support to Healey.[17] Rappaport remained in the race and lost to Healey in the Republican primary.

Results

Шаблон:Election box begin no change Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box write-in with party link no change Шаблон:Election box total no change Шаблон:Election box end

Democratic primary

Governor

Candidates

Withdrew

The leader in most of the polls conducted was O'Brien, who was a longtime insider with four generations of heritage in the Beacon Hill political establishment.[1][3] However, she faced criticism for some of the losing investments she had made as state treasurer.[1]

Reich's candidacy attracted considerable media attention, especially due to the 1997 publication of his memoir of working for the Clinton administration, Locked in the Cabinet. Reich had received criticism for embellishing events with invented dialogue, and the book had so angered Bill Clinton that he endorsed Grossman instead.[1]

Of the Democrats running, only Tolman elected to accept Clean Elections funding.[1]

Polling

Poll source Dates administered Shannon O'Brien Tom Birmingham Robert Reich Warren Tolman
Boston Globe/WBZ-TV September 13, 2002 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic | 31% 22% 22% 13%

Results

In the September 17, 2002, primary, O'Brien won with 33 percent of the vote; Reich came in second with 25 percent, followed by 24 percent for Birmingham and 18 percent for Tolman (Grossman had dropped out before then).[1]

Файл:Massachusetts Democratic gubernatorial primary results by municipality, 2002.svg
Democratic primary results by municipality

Шаблон:Election box begin no change Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box write-in with party link no change Шаблон:Election box total no change Шаблон:Election box end

Lieutenant governor

Candidates

Eliminated at convention
  • Sarah Cannon Holden[18]
Withdrew

Gabrieli was the running mate of Shannon O'Brien while Slattery and Pines were not affiliated with any candidate.

Results

Шаблон:Election box begin no change Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link no change Шаблон:Election box write-in with party link no change Шаблон:Election box total no change Шаблон:Election box end

General election

Candidates

Question of Romney's residency

Before the primaries concluded, Democratic officials claimed that Romney was ineligible to run for governor, citing residency issues. The Massachusetts Constitution requires that a gubernatorial candidate be an "inhabitant" for seven consecutive years prior to a run for office.[24][25]

Romney had attended business and law school at Harvard and spent his entire business career in Massachusetts until being hired to organize the Salt Lake Olympics in 1999. In 1999, Romney had listed himself as a part-time Massachusetts resident,[26] Romney had claimed residency in Utah from 1999 to 2002, during his time as president of the Salt Lake Organizing Committee and received a $54,000 property tax break there. Romney now offered to pay back that exemption.[1] Romney said that he had planned to return to Massachusetts all along.

On June 8, 2002, the Massachusetts Democratic Party filed a complaint with the Massachusetts State Ballot Law Commission,[24] which tended to be lenient in its interpretations of the requirements for residency.[24] At the time the commission was composed of three Republicans, one Democrat and one independent. On June 25, 2002, the commission unanimously ruled that Romney was eligible to run for office,[27] saying that "[Romney] never severed his ties to Massachusetts [and] his testimony was credible in all respects."[3] The ruling was not challenged in court,[28] and Romney accused the Democrats of playing "ridiculous, dirty politics".[3]

Campaign

Romney ran as a political outsider[29] and as an agent of change, saying he would "clean up the mess on Beacon Hill."[3] He said he was "not a partisan Republican" but rather a "moderate" with "progressive" views[30] Romney declared support for faith-based initiatives[1] and campaigned as a pro-choice candidate who would protect a woman's right to an abortion. He rejected the endorsement of Massachusetts Citizens for Life, an anti-abortion organization.[31]

O'Brien claimed Romney was "trying to mask a very conservative set of belief systems". While saying she would not criticize his membership in the LDS Church, she attacked his substantial donations to Brigham Young University, objecting to their bar on expressions of homosexuality.[1] O'Brien came out in support of same-sex marriage.[1]

Supporters of Romney hailed his business record, especially his success with the 2002 Olympics, as that of one who would be able to bring a new era of efficiency into Massachusetts politics.[7] His campaign was the first to use microtargeting techniques, in which small groups of voters were reached with narrowly tailored messaging.[32]

He proposed to reorganize the state government[33] and stressed his ability to obtain federal funds for the state.[34][35] Romney said he would cut $1 billion out of the $23 billion state budget by eliminating the usual suspects of waste, fraud, and mismanagement while still reducing taxes over a phased period.[3] He also said he was generally against tax increases, but refused to rule out the possibility of a tax increase.[1] He did attempt to paint O'Brien as a 'tax-and-spend liberal'.[3]

O'Brien focused her attacks by portraying Romney as being out of place in Massachusetts.[1] Romney had stumbled earlier in the year by not knowing that "MCAS" stood for the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System of school exams.[1] To soften Romney's image, a series of "work days" had been staged over the summer, in which he performed blue-collar jobs such as herding cows and baling hay, unloading a fishing boat, and hauling garbage.[1][36][33][37] Television ads highlighting the effort, as well as one portraying his family in gushing terms and showing him shirtless,[36] received a poor public response.[33][37] O'Brien responded, "Massachusetts doesn't need a governor who thinks getting in touch with working people is a costume party."[3]

By mid-October, Romney trailed O'Brien in most polls.[33][37] He responded with negative ads that accused O'Brien of mismanaging pension funds. Specifically, one ad featured a basset hound sleeping as men removed bags of money from the Massachusetts treasury. Another associated her husband Emmet Hayes, a former lobbyist, with the Enron scandal.[3][37]

O'Brien's campaign was hobbled by the short amount of time between the primary and the general election and by her having exhausted most of her funds by spending $4.5 million to win the nomination.[1][3] Romney, able to focus on the general election in the absence of any primary contest, contributed over $6 million to his own campaign during the election, a state record at the time.[1][38] He raised nearly $10 million for his campaign overall.[39]

Jill Stein campaigned against requiring that students pass the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System tests to graduate high school and in support of clean air and bilingual education.[40][41]

Debates

In the debates, O'Brien attacked Romney repeatedly. He referred to her style as "unbecoming", which engendered criticism that he was insensitive to women.[1]

After being excluded from the first debate, Stein and Independent candidate Barbara Johnson sued the media organizers of the debate.[42] Middlesex Superior Court Judge Linda Giles ruled against Stein and Johnson, stating that the state's campaign finance laws do not apply to the press organizing political debates and that the invitations to Shannon O'Brien and Mitt Romney did not constitute a campaign contribution.[43]

Predictions

Source Ranking As of
The Cook Political Report[44] Шаблон:USRaceRating October 31, 2002
Sabato's Crystal Ball[45] Шаблон:USRaceRating November 4, 2002

Polling

Шаблон:Graph:Chart

Poll source Date(s) administered Shannon
O'Brien (D) 		Mitt
Romney (R) 		Other
Boston Herald February 27, 2002 32% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican align="center" |38% –
Boston Herald September 20, 2002 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |45% 42% –
Institute of Politics/NECN October 2–3, 2002 40% 40% –
RKM Research and Communications October 4, 2002 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |43% 42% –
Institute of Politics/NECN October 24–27, 2002 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |41% 39% 11%
Boston Herald October 29, 2002 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |44% 38% –
Boston Globe/WBZ November 1, 2002 Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |41% 40% –


Шаблон:Hidden begin

with Jane Swift
Poll source Date(s) administered Jane Swift (R) Shannon O'Brien (D) Robert Reich (D) Tom Birmingham (D) Steve Grossman (D) Warren Tolman (D) Bill Galvin (D) Marty Meehan (D)
Boston Herald Шаблон:Webarchive February 18, 2001 23% – – – – – – Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |37%
25% – – – Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |37% –
25% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |37% – – – –
25% – 25% – – –
25% – – Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |26% – –
Boston Globe Шаблон:Webarchive January 27, 2002 21% Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |39% – – – – – rowspan="6" Шаблон:Not polled|–
23% – – Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |35% – – –
23% – Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |35% – – – –
23% – – – – – Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |33%
25% – – – Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |27% – –
24% – – – – Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic align="center" |28% –
with Robert Reich
Poll source Date(s) administered Robert Reich (D) Mitt Romney (R) Other
Boston Herald February 27, 2002 31% Шаблон:Party shading/Republican align="center" |40% –

Шаблон:Hidden end

Results

Файл:2002 Massachusetts gubernatorial election results map by municipality.svg
Results by municipality

Romney and Healey were elected governor and lieutenant governor with 49.2 percent of the vote over O'Brien and Gabrieli, who received 44.4 percent.[46] Ten years later, Romney and Stein ran against each other in the 2012 U.S. presidential election, with both losing to incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama.

Romney performed strongly with Republicans and won many independents in the belt between Route 128 and I-495. He almost ran even with O'Brien in smaller working-class cities, and held down Democratic margins in large urban areas.[1][3] This was the fourth consecutive win for Republicans in the state gubernatorial contest.[7]

Шаблон:Election box begin [47] Шаблон:Election box winning candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate with party link Шаблон:Election box write-in with party link Шаблон:Election box candidate Шаблон:Election box total Шаблон:Election box hold with party link Шаблон:Election box end

Results by county

2002 United States presidential election in Massachusetts (by county) [47]
County Romney - R % Romney - R # O'Brien - D % O'Brien - D # Others % Others # Total #
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Barnstable 55.9% 57,466 38.5% 39,640 5.6% 5,734 102,840
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Berkshire 31.6% 13,897 61.4% 26,963 7.0% 3,059 43,919
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Bristol 44.5% 71,189 50.2% 80,275 5.3% 8,525 159,989
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Dukes 39.8% 2,815 52.1% 3,688 8.0% 569 7,072
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Essex 54.9% 141,932 39.0% 100,798 6.2% 15,988 258,718
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Franklin 35.4% 9,381 54.5% 14,438 10.0% 2,653 26,472
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Hampden 48.2% 66,114 46.2% 63,470 5.6% 7,696 137,280
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Hampshire 33.4% 18,358 58.6% 32,229 8.1% 4,456 55,043
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Middlesex 48.9% 267,579 44.2% 241,934 7.0% 38,152 547,665
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Nantucket 49.7% 1,974 44.0% 1,746 6.3% 248 3,968
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Norfolk 52.9% 140,440 41.5% 110,198 5.5% 14,691 265,329
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Plymouth 57.1% 100,029 37.7% 65,978 5.2% 9,189 175,196
Шаблон:Party shading/Democratic|Suffolk 33.7% 60,623 58.4% 105,280 7.9% 14,246 180,149
Шаблон:Party shading/Republican|Worcester 54.7% 140,191 38.7% 99,344 6.6% 16,910 256,445

Counties that flipped from Democratic to Republican

Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Campaign sites

Шаблон:Massachusetts elections Шаблон:United States elections, 2002 Шаблон:Mitt Romney

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 1,22 Шаблон:Cite book
  2. ↑ Associated Press. "Massachusetts's first female governor takes office, under heavy statewide scrutiny" Шаблон:Webarchive The Daily Texan, April 11, 2001. Retrieved October 29, 2006.
  3. ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 3,14 Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Frank, Mitch."Jane Swift Takes One For the Team:The Massachusetts GOP took a risk by choosing Mitt Romney over the more progressive Swift. Will their decision come back to haunt them?" Шаблон:Webarchive Time Magazine, March 21, 2002. Retrieved October 29, 2006.
  5. ↑ Berwick Jr., Bob and Roch, Lisa Riley. "Boston GOP beseeching Mitt: But hero of S.L. Games is coy about his future" Шаблон:Webarchive Deseret News, February 22, 2002. Retrieved November 1, 2006.
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 "Swift exits, Romney joins Mass. governor's race"Шаблон:Webarchive, CNN, March 19, 2002. Retrieved October 30, 2006.
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 "Vote 2002: Massachusetts Governor's Race" Шаблон:Webarchive PBS Online News Hour (No Date). Retrieved November 1, 2006.
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ 24,0 24,1 24,2 Шаблон:Cite news
  25. ↑ Massachusetts Ballot Law Commission Decision (June 25, 2002) via Scribd (another copy is available from the CNN content delivery network).
  26. ↑ Mcelhenny, John (Associated Press)"Romney defends right to run for governor" Portsmouth Herald, Tuesday, June 18, 2002. Retrieved July 12, 2012.
  27. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  28. ↑ Belluck, Pam. "Massachusetts Ballot Panel Allows Race By Republican" The New York Times (Page A-17), June 26, 2002.
  29. ↑ Barone and Cohen, The Almanac of American Politics 2004, p. 772.
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news See "Romney in 2002: I'm 'Moderate,' 'Progressive,' and 'Not a Partisan Republican' [VIDEO]" for video.
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Citation
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  33. ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 33,3 Шаблон:Cite news
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  36. ↑ 36,0 36,1 Шаблон:Cite news Also available as "Mitt takes his shirt off as campaign heats up", Deseret News, September 27, 2002.
  37. ↑ 37,0 37,1 37,2 37,3 Шаблон:Cite news
  38. ↑ "Gabrieli surpasses spending record" Brian C. Mooney Boston Globe; August 22, 2006. Retrieved November 20, 2006.
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  42. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  46. ↑ "2002 Election Results, Governor" CNN.com. Retrieved November 1, 2006.
  47. ↑ 47,0 47,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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