Английская Википедия:2003 Catalan regional election

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Шаблон:Infobox election The 2003 Catalan regional election was held on Sunday, 16 November 2003, to elect the 7th Parliament of the autonomous community of Catalonia. All 135 seats in the Parliament were up for election.

This election marked a change for all Catalan political parties due to Catalan president Jordi Pujol's decision not to seek a seventh term in office and to retire from active politics. The election results were a great disappointment for Pasqual Maragall's Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC), which again saw Convergence and Union (CiU) winning a plurality of seats despite them winning the most votes by a margin of just 0.3%. Opinion polls earlier in the year had predicted a much larger victory for Maragall, but his lead over CiU had begun to narrow as the election grew nearer. Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) was perceived as the true victor of the election, doubling its 1999 figures and scoring its best result in its recent history up to that point, both in terms of seats (23 of 135) and votes (16.4%), up from 11 seats and 8.7%.

As Pujol's successor Artur Mas did not win a majority large enough to renew his party pact with the People's Party (PP), which had kept Pujol in power since 1995, an alliance between the PSC, ERC and ICV–EUiA resulted in a Catalan "tripartite" government. Thus, despite losing 10 seats and 150,000 votes compared to the 1999 election, Maragall became the first centre-left president of the Government of Catalonia, ending with 23 uninterrupted years of CiU rule.

Overview

Electoral system

The Parliament of Catalonia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Catalonia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Catalan Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a regional president.[1] Transitory Provision Fourth of the Statute established a specific electoral procedure for elections to the Parliament of Catalonia, of application for as long as a regional electoral law was not approved, to be supplemented by the provisions within the national electoral law. Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over 18 years of age, registered in Catalonia and in full enjoyment of their political rights.

The 135 members of the Parliament of Catalonia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with an electoral threshold of three percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Barcelona, Girona, Lleida and Tarragona, with each being allocated a fixed number of seats:[1]

Seats Constituencies
85 Barcelona
18 Tarragona
17 Girona
15 Lleida

The use of the D'Hondt method might result in a higher effective threshold, depending on the district magnitude.[2]

Election date

The term of the Parliament of Catalonia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. The regional president was required to call an election fifteen days prior to the date of expiry of parliament, with election day taking place within sixty days after the call. The previous election was held on 17 October 1999, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 17 October 2003. The election was required to be called no later than 2 October 2003, with it taking place on the sixtieth day from the call, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Monday, 1 December 2003.[1]

The president had the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Catalonia and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since a previous one under this procedure. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the Parliament was to be automatically dissolved and a fresh election called.[3][4]

Background

In the 1999 election, and as a result of the Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC)'s growth, the Catalan nationalist Convergence and Union (CiU) had lost the vote share in a regional election for the first time ever, but clung on to retain the largest amount of seats due to the disproportionate allocation of seats in Girona, Lleida and Tarragona compared to Barcelona. Through to the support of the People's Party (PP), Jordi Pujol had been able to be re-elected to a sixth term in office with a slim majority of 68 to the 67 seats commanded by the left-from-centre opposition.

Despite Pujol's personal approval ratings remaining high until the end of his term, speculation on his possible retirement (which he confirmed on 1 April 2001),[5] internal disputes between Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC) and Democratic Union of Catalonia (UDC) over the future of the alliance[6]—which resulted in CiU being turned into a full-fledged party federation in order to ensure its continuity in the post-Pujol era[7]—and a desire for change after 23 years in power had resulted in CiU trailing the PSC in opinion polls for the entire legislature, with a lead that was nearly into the double digits by mid-to-late 2002. From mid-2003, however, the Socialist lead had begun to narrow to the point that chances for a possible reenactment of the 1999 tight race remained high. The retirement of Pujol as CiU candidate paved the way for Artur Mas, the then chief minister (Шаблон:Lang-ca), to replace him as the culmination of a long successory process.[8]

Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) had been in an almost continuous growth since the 1988 election, becoming a political force able to pierce through the dominant two-party system in Catalonia. Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV) and United and Alternative Left (EUiA) had run separately in the previous election, but ahead of the 2003 election joined within the ICV–EA coalition.

Parliamentary composition

The Parliament of Catalonia was officially dissolved on 23 September 2003, after the publication of the dissolution decree in the Official Journal of the Government of Catalonia.[9] The table below shows the composition of the parliamentary groups in the chamber at the time of dissolution.[10][11][12]

Parliamentary composition in September 2003[13][14]
Groups Parties Legislators
Seats Total
width="1" rowspan="2" bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Convergence and Union's Parliamentary Group width="1" bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| CDC 41 56
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| UDC 15
rowspan="2" bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Socialists–Citizens for Change Parliamentary Group bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| PSC 35 50
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| CpC 15
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| People's Parliamentary Group bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| PP 12 12
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Republican Left of Catalonia's Parliamentary Group bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| ERC 12 12
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Initiative for Catalonia–Greens's Parliamentary Group bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| ICV 5 5

Parties and candidates

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list of candidates.[15]

Below is a list of the main parties and electoral alliances which contested the election:

Candidacy Parties and
alliances 		Leading candidate Ideology Previous result Шаблон:Abbr Шаблон:Abbr
Votes (%) Seats
width="1" bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| PSC–CpC Шаблон:Collapsible list Файл:Pasqual Maragall 2004 (cropped).jpg Pasqual Maragall Social democracy 37.85% Шаблон:Big Шаблон:Xmark [16]
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| CiU Шаблон:Collapsible list Файл:Artur Mas 2006 (cropped).jpg Artur Mas Catalan nationalism
Centrism 		37.70% Шаблон:Big Шаблон:Tick [5]
[7]
[17]
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| PP Шаблон:Collapsible list Файл:Josep Piqué 1999 (cropped).jpg Josep Piqué Conservatism
Christian democracy 		9.51% Шаблон:Big Шаблон:Xmark [18]
[19]
[20]
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| ERC Шаблон:Collapsible list Файл:Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira 2001 (cropped).jpg Josep-Lluís Carod-Rovira Catalan independence
Left-wing nationalism
Social democracy 		8.67% Шаблон:Big Шаблон:Xmark
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| ICV–EA Шаблон:Collapsible list Файл:Joan Saura 2005 (cropped).jpg Joan Saura Regionalism
Eco-socialism
Green politics 		3.93%Шаблон:Efn Шаблон:Big Шаблон:Xmark [21]

Opinion polls

The tables below list opinion polling results in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a poll.

Graphical summary

Шаблон:Wide image

Voting intention estimates

The table below lists weighted voting intention estimates. Refusals are generally excluded from the party vote percentages, while question wording and the treatment of "don't know" responses and those not intending to vote may vary between polling organisations. When available, seat projections determined by the polling organisations are displayed below (or in place of) the percentages in a smaller font; 68 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Catalonia.

Шаблон:Smaller

Шаблон:Smaller

Results

Overall

← Summary of the 16 November 2003 Parliament of Catalonia election results →
Файл:CataloniaParliamentDiagram2003.svg
Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats
Votes % ±pp Total +/−
width="1" bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Socialists' Party of Catalonia–Citizens for Change (PSC–CpC) 1,031,454 31.16 –6.69 42 –10
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Convergence and Union (CiU) 1,024,425 30.94 –6.76 46 –10
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 544,324 16.44 +7.77 23 +11
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| People's Party (PP) 393,499 11.89 +2.38 15 +3
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Initiative for Catalonia Greens–Alternative Left (ICV–EA)1 241,163 7.28 +3.35 9 +6
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| The Greens–The Ecologist Alternative (EV–AE) 18,470 0.56 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Platform for Catalonia (PxC) 4,892 0.15 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 4,226 0.13 +0.04 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Communist Party of the Catalan People (PCPC) 2,580 0.08 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Unsubmissive Seats (Ei) 2,220 0.07 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Catalan State (EC) 1,890 0.06 ±0.00 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| The Greens–Green Alternative (EV–AV) 1,886 0.06 –0.20 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Republican Left–Left Republican Party (IR–PRE) 1,714 0.05 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Humanist Party of Catalonia (PHC) 1,647 0.05 +0.01 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Another Democracy is Possible (UADeP) 1,386 0.04 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 1,073 0.03 –0.01 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Caló Nationalist Party (PNCA) 812 0.02 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Republican Social Movement (MSR) 804 0.02 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Internationalist Struggle (LI (LIT–CI)) 802 0.02 ±0.00 0 ±0
Spaniards Under Separatism (EBS) 603 0.02 New 0 ±0
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 401 0.01 New 0 ±0
Blank ballots 30,212 0.91 –0.02
Total 3,310,483 135 ±0
Valid votes 3,310,483 99.74 –0.01
Invalid votes 8,793 0.26 +0.01
Votes cast / turnout 3,319,276 62.54 +3.34
Abstentions 1,988,561 37.46 –3.34
Registered voters 5,307,837
Sources[10][22]
Шаблон:Hidden

Шаблон:Bar box Шаблон:Bar box

Distribution by constituency

Constituency PSC–CpC CiU ERC PP ICV–EA
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color"| colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color"| colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color"| colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color"| colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color"|
% S % S % S % S % S
Barcelona style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 33.2 29 28.8 25 15.2 13 12.6 11 8.0 7
Girona 23.7 4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 38.7 7 21.9 4 8.1 1 5.3 1
Lleida 22.5 4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 41.4 7 19.9 3 9.7 1 4.4 –
Tarragona 28.2 5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 33.8 7 19.0 3 11.8 2 5.2 1
Total style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 31.2 42 30.9 46 16.4 23 11.9 15 7.3 9
Sources[10]

Aftermath

Investiture
Pasqual Maragall (PSC)
Ballot → 16 December 2003
Required majority → 68 out of 135 Шаблон:Tick
Шаблон:Collapsible list Шаблон:Composition bar
Шаблон:Collapsible list Шаблон:Composition bar
Abstentions Шаблон:Composition bar
Absentees Шаблон:Composition bar
Sources[10]

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Opinion poll sources

Шаблон:Reflist

Other

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Catalan elections Шаблон:Regional elections in Spain in the 2000s

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Cite act
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite act
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite act
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 10,2 10,3 Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite act
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web


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