Английская Википедия:2004 Romanian general election

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General elections were held in Romania on 28 November 2004, with a second round of the presidential elections on 12 December between former Prime Minister Adrian Năstase of the then ruling Social Democratic Party (PSD) and then incumbent Bucharest Mayor Traian Băsescu of the opposition Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), more specifically of the Democratic Party (PD). Băsescu was elected President by a narrow majority of just 51.2%. The 2004 presidential election was the fifth of its kind held in post-1989 Romania.

Following 2003 amendments to the constitution which lengthened the presidential term to five years, these were the last joint elections to the presidency and Parliament in Romania's political history thus far.

Campaign

Parliamentary elections

The main contenders were the left-wing alliance made up of the then incumbent Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSD) and the Romanian Humanist Party (PUR), and, on the other hand, the center-right Justice and Truth Alliance (DA; Шаблон:Lang-ro) comprising the conservative-liberal National Liberal Party (PNL) and the initially social-democratic Democratic Party (PD) which later adopted a center-right Christian democratic ideology.

Other significant contenders were the Greater Romania Party (PRM) (right-wing nationalists), the ethnic Hungarian party Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), and the Union for Romanian Reconstruction (UPRR), a group of right-wing technocrats.

Conduct

The opposition alleged fraudulent use by the PSD of "supplementary lists", designed to help Romanians in transit to vote. Traditionally, Romanians voted with a cardboard identity card, which was stamped when they voted. Most Romanians now have laminated plastic IDs, to which a printed stamp is affixed when a person votes. However, the stamps can be easily removed. In spite of this, electoral fraud is nearly impossible to commit, as every citizen is assigned to one local voting station, the only location he/she can vote at.

The opposition claimed that there were organized "electoral excursions" of PSD supporters who were bussed to various towns to vote several times. This was corroborated by several teams of journalists, who followed the buses.

The government attacked the opposition by arguing that 'rumours of fraud' affect Romania's economy and its external credibility.

In January 2005, the IMAS institute of statistics released an analysis of the voting results in the 16,824 precincts. In the top 1,000 precincts with the most votes on the supplementary lists, the PSD had 43% to the DA's 23%, while in the precincts with fewest votes on supplementary lists, the PSD had 30% to the DA's 34%. The same trend was true in the precincts with most void votes. Wayback Machine

Presidential candidates

<section begin="candidates" />

Name	Lifespan	Public Administration Experience	Affiliation and endorsements	Alma mater and profession	Candidacy Шаблон:Small
Шаблон:HsФайл:Traian Băsescu 2005Mar09.jpg Traian Băsescu	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Basarabi, Constanța County	Mayor of Bucharest (2000-election day) Deputy (1992–2000) Minister of Transport (1991–1992, 1996–1998, 1998–2000) Sub-Secretary of State for Naval Transportation with the Ministry of Transport (1990-1991) Director of Civil Navigation Inspectorate with the Ministry of Transport (1989-1990)	Affiliation: Justice and Truth Alliance Alliance members: PNL and PD	Mircea cel Bătrân Naval Academy (1976) seaman
Шаблон:HsФайл:Adrian Năstase3.jpg Adrian Năstase	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Bucharest	Prime Minister of Romania (2000-election day) Deputy (1990-election day) President of the Chamber of Deputies (1992-1996) Minister of Foreign Affairs (1990-1992)	Affiliation: National Union PSD+PUR Alliance members: PSD and PUR	Faculty of Sociology, University of Bucharest (1978) Faculty of Law, University of Bucharest (1973) jurist
Шаблон:HsФайл:Corneliu Vadim Tudor - Declaratii la BEC.png Corneliu Vadim Tudor	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Bucharest Died: Шаблон:Dts, Bucharest	Senator (1992-election day) Former presidential elections: 2000: 28.3% (2nd place, 1st round), 33.2% (2nd place, 2nd round) 1996: 4.7% (5th place, 1st round)	Affiliation: PRM	Faculty of Philosophy, University of Bucharest (1971) journalist, writer
Шаблон:HsФайл:Marko-Bela1.jpg Béla Markó	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Târgu Secuiesc, Covasna County	Senator (1990-election day)	Affiliation: UDMR	Faculty of Philology, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca (1974) journalist, poet
Шаблон:HsФайл:Gheorghe Ciuhandu (cropped).jpg Gheorghe Ciuhandu	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Timișoara, Timiș County	Mayor of Timișoara (1996-election day)	Affiliation: PNȚCD	Faculty of Constructions, Politehnica University of Timișoara (1970) building engineer
Шаблон:HsФайл:George Becali.JPG Gigi Becali	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Vădeni, Brăila County		Affiliation: PNG	"Iuliu Maniu" High-school, Bucharest (1978) shepherd, football club owner
Шаблон:HsФайл:Petre Roman.jpg Petre Roman	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Bucharest	Senator (1996-election day) Minister of Foreign Affairs (1999-2000) President of the Senate of Romania (1996–1999) Deputy (1990-1996) Prime Minister of Romania (1989-1991) Former presidential elections: 2000: 3.0% (6th place, 1st round) 1996: 20.5% (3rd place, 1st round)	Affiliation: Democratic Force	Faculty of Energy, Politehnica University of Bucharest (1968) hydroelectric powerplant engineer
Шаблон:HsФайл:Blank.png Gheorghe Dinu	Born: unknown birthdate unknown birthplace		Affiliation: none	unknown education intelligence officer
Шаблон:HsФайл:Blank.png Marian Petre Miluț	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Craiova, Dolj County		Affiliation: People's Action	Faculty of Automation, Computers and Electronics, University of Craiova (1980) IT engineer
Шаблон:HsФайл:Blank.png Ovidiu Tudorici	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Câmpulung Moldovenesc, Suceava County	Deputy Mayor of Câmpulung Moldovenesc (2004-election day)	Affiliation: Union for Romania's Reconstruction	Faculty of Law, Petre Andrei University of Iași (1997) salesman, marketing specialist
Шаблон:HsФайл:Blank.png Aurel Rădulescu	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Adamclisi, Constanța County		Affiliation: Christian Democratic People's Alliance	Faculty of Law and Faculty of Tehology, unknown universities (unknown years) priest
Шаблон:HsФайл:Blank.png Raj Tunaru	Born: Шаблон:Dts (age Шаблон:Age) Țânțăreni, Gorj County		Affiliation: Democratic Youth Party	University of Petroșani (unknown year) mining engineer

<section end="candidates" />

Results

President

Файл:Romania-presidential-2004-by-county.png

Winner by county in the first round

Файл:Romania presidentia2004 Run-off by county.png

Winner by county in the runoff

Corneliu Vadim Tudor positioned himself against Băsescu, without openly endorsing Năstase. Marko Bela openly endorsed Adrian Năstase. Gheorghe Ciuhandu openly endorsed Băsescu.

Aftermath

On 13 December, the PUR president Dan Voiculescu hinted that they have more in common with the DA (both have a center-right orientation) and that they might break from the PSD, but one day later said that he would remain with PSD. It has been suggested by the press that this could be result of a blackmail about his communist past. By 25 December both UDMR and PUR signed a protocol of alliance with DA (Justice and Truth), with the designated prime minister being Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu. Thus, the PSD was left in opposition while Justice and Truth Alliance (DA), the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR), and the Humanist Party (PUR, renamed Conservative Party in 2005) formed the government.

External links

• Central Electoral Bureau Шаблон:In lang
• Fraud worries in Romanian poll BBC News