Английская Википедия:2005 Portuguese legislative election

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Шаблон:Infobox election

The 2005 Portuguese legislative election took place on 20 February. The election renewed all 230 members of the Assembly of the Republic.

These elections were called after the decision of President Jorge Sampaio on 30 November 2004 to dissolve the Parliament as an answer to the political instability caused by the government led by Pedro Santana Lopes (PSD) in coalition with the PP. Santana Lopes had become Prime Minister in July 2004, after José Manuel Durão Barroso left the country in order to become President of the European Commission in a decision that divided the country, because many Portuguese were expecting that the Socialist President Jorge Sampaio would dissolve the Parliament and call a legislative election. However, after five unstable months, President Sampaio decided to dissolve Parliament and call fresh elections. The Prime Minister nevertheless announced the resignation of the government on 11 December, in an action with no practical effects whatsoever.

The campaign started officially on 6 February and the major topics were the problematic state of the country's finances, unemployment, abortion and even José Sócrates's alleged homosexuality.[1][2]

Headed by Sócrates, the centre-left Socialist Party (PS) won the election with a landslide victory, winning in 19 of the 22 electoral constituencies, including in districts such as Viseu and Bragança that historically voted for the right. The Socialist Party conquered its first absolute majority, receiving 45% of the electorate vote and 52% of the seats in the Parliament, making this the Socialists' largest ever victory in terms of vote percentage and seat count as of 2022. The centre-right parties, mainly the Social Democrats, were punished for their performance in government, and lost more than 11% of votes they had garnered in the previous election. On the left, the Left Bloc achieved its best result ever and made the biggest climb, gaining 5 MPs, while the CDU (Communists and the Greens) gained 2 MPs and reversed their downward trend of the last elections.

Voter turnout was the highest since 1995, as 64.3% of the electorate cast a ballot.

Background

Fall of the government

Шаблон:See also Deep disagreements and disputes within the Social Democratic Party began to derail the government led by Pedro Santana Lopes.[3] One of those disputes, the resignation of Youth and Sports Minister, Henrique Chaves, which was a close ally of Santana, precipitated the fall of the government, as Chaves accused Santana of not being "loyal and truthful".[4] Following this, President Jorge Sampaio had "enough" of crisis and accused the government of "contradictions and lack of coordination that contributed to its discredit".[5] Therefore, Sampaio used his power of dissolution of Parliament and called a snap election, the only time till date such power was used in Portuguese democracy.[6][7] A new election was called, by the President, for February 2005.[8]

Leadership changes and challenges

PSD 2004 leadership election

Following the resignation of José Manuel Durão Barroso as Prime Minister and PSD leader to become President of the European Commission, the Social Democratic Party (PSD) initiated the process to elect a new leader.[9] Pedro Santana Lopes, by then Mayor of Lisbon, was the sole candidate for the leadership[10] and his name was overwhelmingly confirmed in a National Party Council meeting on 1 July 2004.[11] The results were the following:

Шаблон:Election table |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|% |- |bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | align=left | Pedro Santana Lopes | align=right | 98 | align=right | 97.0 |- | colspan=2 align=left | Against | align=right | 3 | align=right | 3.0 |- |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" | colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout | align=right | 101 | align=center | |- | colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results |}

Two weeks later, on 17 July 2004, Santana Lopes was sworn in as Prime Minister.[12]

PS 2004 leadership election

On early July 2004, PS leader Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues resigned from the leadership against President Jorge Sampaio decision to nominate Pedro Santana Lopes as Prime Minister, following the resignation of Durão Barroso, rather than calling a snap legislative election.[13] New elections to select a new leader were called for 25 and 26 September 2004. Former environment minister José Sócrates, Manuel Alegre and the son of former President Mário Soares, João Soares, contested the leadership ballot.[14] José Sócrates was elected by a landslide[15] and the results were the following: Шаблон:Election table |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|% |- |bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | align=left | José Sócrates | align=right | 18,432 | align=right | 78.6 |- |bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | align=left | Manuel Alegre | align=right | 3,903 | align=right | 16.7 |- |bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color| | align=left | João Soares | align=right | 927 | align=right | 4.0 |- | colspan=2 align=left | Blank/Invalid ballots | align=right | 175 | align=right | 0.7 |- |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" | colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout | align=right | 23,437 | align=center | |- | colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results |}

PCP 2004 leadership election

In the fall of 2004, PCP leader Carlos Carvalhas decided to step down from the party's leadership after 12 years in the post.[16] Jerónimo de Sousa was selected as candidate for the leadership and was elected in the party's congress during the weekend of 27 and 28 November 2004.[17] The results were the following: Шаблон:Election table |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes ! align="center" style="width: 50px"|% |- |bgcolor=#f00| | align=left | Jerónimo de Sousa | align=right | 164 | align=right | 93.7 |- | colspan=2 align=left | Against | align=right | 1 | align=right | 0.6 |- | colspan=2 align=left | Abstention | align=right | 10 | align=right | 5.7 |- |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" | colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout | align=right | 175 | align=center | |- | colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results |}

Electoral system

Файл:Eleições legislativas 2005.gif
Official logo of the election.

The Assembly of the Republic has 230 members elected to four-year terms. Governments do not require absolute majority support of the Assembly to hold office, as even if the number of opposers of government is larger than that of the supporters, the number of opposers still needs to be equal or greater than 116 (absolute majority) for both the Government's Programme to be rejected or for a motion of no confidence to be approved.[18]

The number of seats assigned to each district depends on the district magnitude.[19] The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation methods such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.[20]

For these elections, and compared with the 2002 elections, the MPs distributed by districts were the following:[21]

District Number of MPs Map
Lisbon 48 Шаблон:Image label begin

Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label small Шаблон:Image label end

Porto 38
Braga 18
Setúbal 17
Aveiro 15
Leiria, Santarém and Coimbra 10
Viseu 9
Faro 8
MadeiraШаблон:Font color and Viana do Castelo 6
Azores, Castelo Branco and Vila Real 5
Bragança and Guarda 4
Beja and Évora 3
PortalegreШаблон:Font color, Europe and Outside Europe 2

Parties

The table below lists the parties represented in the Assembly of the Republic during the 9th legislature (2002–2005) and that also partook in the election:

Name Ideology Political position Leader 2002 result
% Seats
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| PPD/PSD Social Democratic Party
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:Nowrap Centre-right Pedro Santana Lopes 40.2% Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| PS Socialist Party
Шаблон:Small 		Social democracy Centre-left José Sócrates 37.8% Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| CDS-PP CDS – People's Party
Шаблон:Nowrap 		Christian democracy
Conservatism 		Шаблон:Nowrap Paulo Portas 8.7% Шаблон:Composition bar
PCP Portuguese Communist Party
Шаблон:Small 		Communism
Marxism–Leninism 		Far-left Jerónimo de Sousa 6.9%
Шаблон:Efn 		Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| PEV Ecologist Party "The Greens"
Шаблон:Small 		Eco-socialism
Green politics 		Left-wing Heloísa Apolónia Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| BE Left Bloc
Шаблон:Small 		Шаблон:Nowrap Left-wing Francisco Louçã 2.7% Шаблон:Composition bar

Campaign period

Party slogans

Party or alliance Original slogan English translation Refs
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| PSD « Por amor a Portugal. » "For love of Portugal" [22]
width="1" bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| PS « Voltar a acreditar em Portugal » "Believing in Portugal again" [23]
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| CDS–PP « O voto útil para Portugal » "The useful vote for Portugal" [24]
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| CDU « Agora é consigo » "Now it's up to you" [25]
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color"| BE « Faz toda a diferença » "It makes all the difference" [26]

Candidates' debates

2005 Portuguese legislative election debates
Date Organisers Moderator(s) Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Colors Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Colors Шаблон:Small Шаблон:Colors Шаблон:Small
PSD
Шаблон:Small 		PS
Шаблон:Small 		CDS–PP
Шаблон:Small 		CDU
Шаблон:Small 		BE
Шаблон:Small 		Refs
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|
18 Jan SIC Notícias N N N P P [27]
20 Jan SIC Notícias N N P N P [28]
25 Jan SIC Notícias N N P P N [27]
3 Feb RTP2,
SIC,
Antena 1,
TSF 		Maria Flor Pedroso
Rodrigo Guedes de Carvalho
José Gomes Ferreira
Ricardo Costa 		P P N N N [29]
15 Feb RTP1 Judite de Sousa
José Alberto Carvalho 		P P P P P [30]
Шаблон:Small
Date Organisers Polling firm/Link
PSD PS CDS–PP CDU BE Notes
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|
3 Feb Шаблон:Small Aximage 20.2 Шаблон:Party shading/PS| 50.4 Шаблон:N/A Шаблон:N/A Шаблон:N/A Шаблон:Small

Opinion polling

Шаблон:Main Шаблон:Graph:Chart

Voter turnout

The table below shows voter turnout throughout election day including voters from Overseas.

Turnout Time
12:00 16:00 19:00
2002 2005 ± 2002 2005 ± 2002 2005 ±
Total 18.00% 21.93% Шаблон:Increase 3.93 pp 45.88% 50.94% Шаблон:Increase 5.06 pp 61.48% 64.26% Шаблон:Increase 2.78 pp
Sources[31][32][33][34]

National summary of votes and seats

Шаблон:Election table |-

| colspan=11|

Файл:Portugal Parliament 2005.svg

|- ! rowspan=2 colspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:left;" |Parties ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |Votes ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |% ! rowspan=2 style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |± ! colspan="5" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |MPs ! rowspan="2" style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |MPs %/
votes % |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |2002 ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:center;" |2005 ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |± ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |% ! style="background-color:#E9E9E9;text-align:right;" |± |- | Шаблон:Party name with colour |2,588,312||45.03||Шаблон:Increase7.2||96||121||Шаблон:Increase25||52.61||Шаблон:Increase10.9||1.17 |- | Шаблон:Party name with colourШаблон:Efn |1,653,425||28.77||Шаблон:Decrease11.4||105||75||Шаблон:Decrease30||32.61||Шаблон:Decrease13.0||1.13 |- | Шаблон:Party name with colourШаблон:Efn |433,369||7.54||Шаблон:Increase0.6||12||14||Шаблон:Increase2||6.09||Шаблон:Increase0.9||0.81 |- | Шаблон:Party name with colour |416,415||7.25||Шаблон:Decrease1.5||14||12||Шаблон:Decrease2||5.22||Шаблон:Decrease0.9||0.72 |- | Шаблон:Party name with colour |364,971||6.35||Шаблон:Increase3.6||3||8||Шаблон:Increase5||3.48||Шаблон:Increase2.2||0.55 |- | Шаблон:Party name with colour |48,186||0.84||Шаблон:Increase0.2||0||0||Шаблон:Steady0||0.00||Шаблон:Steady0.0||0.0 |- | Шаблон:Party name with colour |40,358||0.70||Шаблон:N/A||Шаблон:N/A||0||Шаблон:N/A||0.00||Шаблон:N/A||0.0 |- | Шаблон:Party name with colour |17,056||0.30||Шаблон:Increase0.1||0||0||Шаблон:Steady0||0.00||Шаблон:Steady0.0||0.0 |- | Шаблон:Party name with colour |9,374||0.16||Шаблон:Increase0.1||0||0||Шаблон:Steady0||0.00||Шаблон:Steady0.0||0.0 |- |style="width:10px;background-color:red;text-align:center;" | | style="text-align:left;" |Workers Party of Socialist Unity |5,535||0.10||Шаблон:Increase0.0||0||0||Шаблон:Steady0||0.00||Шаблон:Steady0.0||0.0 |- | Шаблон:Party name with colour |1,618||0.03||Шаблон:N/A||Шаблон:N/A||0||Шаблон:N/A||0.00||Шаблон:N/A||0.0 |- |colspan=2 style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid |width="65" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|5,578,782 |width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|97.06 |width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|Шаблон:Decrease1.0 |width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|230 |width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|230 |width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|Шаблон:Steady0 |width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00 |width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|Шаблон:Steady0.0 |width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|— |- |colspan=2|Blank ballots |103,537||1.80||Шаблон:Increase0.8||colspan=6 rowspan=4| |- |colspan=2|Invalid ballots |65,515||1.14||Шаблон:Increase0.2 |- |colspan=2 style="text-align:left;background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total |width="65" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|5,747,834 |width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00 |width="40" style="text-align:right;background-color:#E9E9E9"| |- |colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout ||8,944,508||64.26||Шаблон:Increase2.8 |- | colspan=11 style="text-align:left;" | Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições |} Шаблон:Bar box Шаблон:Bar box

Distribution by constituency

Шаблон:Election table |- class="unsortable" !rowspan=2|Constituency!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S!!%!!S !rowspan=2|Total
S |- class="unsortable" align="center" !colspan=2 | PS !colspan=2 | PSD !colspan=2 | CDU !colspan=2 | CDS-PP !colspan=2 | BE |- |align="left"| Azores | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|53.1 | 3 | 34.4 | 2 | 1.7 | - | 4.0 | - | 2.9 | - | 5 |- |align="left"| Aveiro | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|41.1 | 8 | 35.7 | 6 | 3.5 | - | 9.8 | 1 | 5.1 | - | 15 |- |align="left"| Beja | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|51.0 | 2 | 12.3 | - | 24.1 | 1 | 2.9 | - | 4.7 | - | 3 |- |align="left"| Braga | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|45.4 | 9 | 32.9 | 7 | 4.8 | 1 | 7.8 | 1 | 4.6 | - | 18 |- |align="left"| Bragança | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|42.1 | 2 | 39.0 | 2 | 2.0 | - | 9.7 | - | 2.5 | - | 4 |- |align="left"| Castelo Branco | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|56.0 | 4 | 26.7 | 1 | 3.8 | - | 5.3 | - | 3.7 | - | 5 |- |align="left"| Coimbra | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|45.4 | 6 | 31.9 | 4 | 5.5 | - | 5.5 | - | 6.3 | - | 10 |- |align="left"| Шаблон:HsÉvora | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|49.7 | 2 | 16.7 | - | 20.9 | 1 | 3.7 | - | 4.6 | - | 3 |- |align="left"| Faro | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|49.3 | 6 | 24.6 | 2 | 6.9 | - | 5.8 | - | 7.7 | - | 8 |- |align="left"| Guarda | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|46.8 | 2 | 34.7 | 2 | 2.9 | - | 7.0 | - | 3.4 | - | 4 |- |align="left"| Leiria | 35.6 | 4 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|39.8 | 5 | 4.6 | - | 8.9 | 1 | 5.5 | - | 10 |- |align="left"| Lisbon | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|44.1 | 23 | 23.7 | 12 | 9.8 | 5 | 8.2 | 4 | 8.8 | 4 | 48 |- |align="left"| Madeira | 35.0 | 3 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|45.2 | 3 | 3.6 | - | 6.6 | - | 3.8 | - | 6 |- |align="left"| Portalegre | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|54.9 | 2 | 20.2 | - | 12.1 | - | 4.2 | - | 4.6 | - | 2 |- |align="left"| Porto | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|48.5 | 20 | 27.8 | 12 | 5.4 | 2 | 6.9 | 2 | 6.7 | 2 | 38 |- |align="left"| Santarém | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|46.1 | 6 | 26.4 | 3 | 8.6 | 1 | 6.9 | - | 6.5 | - | 10 |- |align="left"| Setúbal | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|43.6 | 8 | 16.1 | 3 | 20.0 | 3 | 5.1 | 1 | 10.3 | 2 | 17 |- |align="left"| Viana do Castelo | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|42.0 | 3 | 33.5 | 2 | 3.8 | - | 11.4 | 1 | 4.5 | - | 6 |- |align="left"| Vila Real | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|43.8 | 3 | 40.2 | 2 | 2.6 | - | 6.8 | - | 2.4 | - | 5 |- |align="left"| Viseu | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|40.4 | 4 | 40.2 | 4 | 2.2 | - | 8.6 | 1 | 3.3 | - | 9 |- |style="text-align:left;" |Europe | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|54.3 | 1 | 27.2 | 1 | 4.2 | - | 3.4 | - | 2.3 | - | 2 |- |style="text-align:left;" |Outside Europe | 26.3 | - | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|57.7 | 2 | 1.0 | - | 3.5 | - | 0.7 | - | 2 |- |- class="unsortable" style="background:#E9E9E9" |align="left"| Total | style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"|45.0 | 121 | 28.8 | 75 | 7.5 | 14 | 7.2 | 12 | 6.4 | 8 | 230 |- | colspan=12 align=left | Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições |}

Maps

Graphics

Further reading

Notes

Шаблон:Notes

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

See also

Шаблон:Portuguese elections

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ "As "trapalhadas" de Santana em 2004 (que Rio apoiou e Marcelo arrasou) ", Observador, 21 December 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  4. ↑ "Henrique Chaves demite-se do Governo por falta de «lealdade e de verdade» de Santana", Jornal de Negócios, 28 November 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  5. ↑ "Jorge Sampaio anuncia a dissolução do Parlamento ", RTP, 8 September 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  6. ↑ "Jorge Sampaio vai dissolver Assembleia da República ", Público, 30 November 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  7. ↑ "A bomba atómica de Sampaio", Correio da Manhã, 10 September 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  8. ↑ "Jorge Sampaio assinou hoje decreto de dissolução do Parlamento ", Público, 22 December 2004. Retrieved 23 October 2022.
  9. ↑ "Durão Barroso demite-se oficialmente", Jornal de Notícias, 5 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  10. ↑ "Santana Lopes considera legítima eleição pelo Conselho Nacional do PSD ", Público, 30 June 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  11. ↑ "Santana Lopes indigitado pelo PSD para primeiro-ministro", Público, 11 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  12. ↑ "Um Governo de amigos, políticos e estreantes ", Público, 17 July 2004. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
  13. ↑ "Ferro Rodrigues demite-se da liderança do PS ", Público, 9 July 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  14. ↑ "DEBATER AS IDEIAS ESCOLHER OS PROTAGONISTAS", Acção Socialista, 29 July 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  15. ↑ "Sócrates eleito Secretário Geral do PS", RTP, 26 September 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  16. ↑ "Carlos Carvalhas abandona liderança do PCP", Público, 5 October 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  17. ↑ "PCP: Jerónimo de Sousa eleito secretário-geral", Público, 28 November 2004. Retrieved 21 November 2021.
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  20. ↑ Gallaher, Michael (1992). "Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities"
  21. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  27. ↑ 27,0 27,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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