Английская Википедия:2009 in spaceflight
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Year in spaceflight Шаблон:TLS-L
Several significant events in spaceflight occurred in 2009, including Iran conducting its first indigenous orbital launch, the first Swiss satellite being launched and New Zealand launching its first sounding rocket. The H-IIB and Naro-1 rockets conducted maiden flights, whilst the Tsyklon-3, Falcon 1 and Ariane 5GS were retired from service.[1][2] The permanent crew of the International Space Station increased from three to six in May, and in the last few months of the year, Japan's first resupply mission to the outpost, HTV-1, was conducted successfully.
Overview
The internationally accepted definition of a spaceflight is any flight which crosses the Kármán line, 100 kilometres above sea level. The first spaceflight launch of the year was that of a Delta IV Heavy, carrying the USA-202 ELINT satellite, which launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at 02:47 GMT on 18 January. This was also the first orbital launch of the year.
On 2 February, Iran conducted its first successful orbital launch,[3] when a Safir was used to place the Omid satellite into low Earth orbit.
At 16:56 GMT on 10 February, the first major collision between two satellites in orbit occurred, resulting in the destruction of Kosmos 2251 and Iridium 33, launched in 1993 and 1997 respectively. Up until the collision, Iridium 33 was operational, and an active part of the Iridium network of satellites, whilst Kosmos 2251 was an inactive piece of space junk.
On 25 August, the Russo- South Korean Naro-1 rocket made its maiden flight on 25 August, marking South Korea's first involvement in conducting a satellite launch attempt, however the rocket failed to reach orbit after its payload fairing malfunctioned.
The first flight of the SpaceX Falcon 9 carrier rocket was scheduled to occur in November, but was delayed to February 2010 to allow more time for preparations. The SpaceX Dragon, a commercial uncrewed logistics spacecraft which was developed as part of NASA's COTS programme, was also scheduled to make its first flight in 2009, however its launch has also slipped to 2010 as a result of knock-on delays. The first H-II Transfer Vehicle, HTV-1, was successfully launched on the maiden flight of the H-IIB carrier rocket on 10 September. The first Swiss satellite, SwissCube-1, was launched on 23 September aboard a PSLV.
On 18 December, the Ariane 5GS made its final flight, delivering the Helios-IIB satellite into a Sun-synchronous orbit. The last orbital launch of the year was conducted eleven days later, on 29 December, when a Proton-M with a Briz-M upper stage launched the DirecTV-12 satellite.
Space exploration
Although no planetary probes were launched in 2009, four astronomical observatories were placed into orbit. The Kepler spacecraft, which was launched by a Delta II on 7 March, entered an Earth-trailing heliocentric orbit from where it will search for exoplanets. On 14 May, and Ariane 5ECA launched the Herschel and Planck spacecraft. Both were placed at the L2 Lagrangian point between the Earth and Sun, from where they will be used for astronomy. Herschel carries an infrared telescope whilst Planck carries an optical one. The fourth observatory to be launched was the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE, which is a replacement for the Wide Field Infrared Explorer which failed shortly after launch. WISE was launched into a Sun-synchronous orbit by a Delta II on 14 December, and will be used for infrared astronomy. Repairs made to the Hubble Space Telescope during STS-125 restored it to full operations after a series of malfunctions in 2008.
Two lunar probes were launched in 2009; the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite were launched on a single Atlas V rocket on 18 June. LRO entered selenocentric orbit and began a series of experiments, whilst LCROSS remained attached to the Centaur upper stage of the carrier rocket, and flew past the Moon. After orbiting the Earth twice, LCROSS separated from the upper stage and both it and the Centaur impacted the Cabeus crater at the South Pole of the Moon, on 9 October. By observing the Centaur's impact, LCROSS was able to confirm the presence of water on the Moon.[4] Several other Lunar probes ceased operations in 2009; Okina impacted the far side of the Moon on 12 February, Chang'e 1 was deorbited on 1 March, having completed its operations. Kaguya was also deorbited following a successful mission, impacting near Gill crater on 12 June. The Chandrayaan-1 spacecraft failed on 29 August, having operated for less than half of its design life.
The Mars Science Laboratory and Fobos-Grunt missions to Mars had been scheduled for launch at the end of 2009, however both were delayed to 2011 to allow more time for the spacecraft to be developed. Fobos-Grunt, a sample return mission to Mars' natural satellite Phobos, would have carried the first Chinese planetary probe, Yinghuo-1.
Several flybys occurred in 2009, with Cassini continuing to orbit Saturn, passing close to a number of its natural satellites. In February, Dawn passed within Шаблон:Convert of Mars, during a gravity assist manoeuvre for its journey to the asteroid belt. In September, MESSENGER made its third and final flyby of Mercury before entering orbit in 2011. Whilst the primary objective of the flyby, achieving a gravitational assist, was successful, the spacecraft entered safe mode shortly before its closest approach, which prevented it recording data as it flew away from the planet.[5] In November, the Rosetta spacecraft performed its third and final gravity assist flyby of Earth.
Crewed spaceflight
Nine crewed launches occurred in 2009, the most since 1997. STS-119, using Шаблон:OV, was launched on 15 March. It installed the last set of solar arrays on the International Space Station. Soyuz TMA-14, the 100th crewed Soyuz launch, delivered the Expedition 19 crew in March. In May, Шаблон:OV conducted the final mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope, STS-125. Several days later, Soyuz TMA-15 launched with the ISS Expedition 20 crew, brought the total ISS crew size up to six for the first time. This was also the 100th crewed spaceflight of the Soyuz programme, excluding the original Soyuz T-10 mission which failed to reach space. In July, Шаблон:OV delivered the final component of the Japanese Experiment Module on mission STS-127. STS-128, using Discovery in August, delivered supplies using the Leonardo MPLM. September saw the launch of Soyuz TMA-16, with the ISS Expedition 21 crew. This was the 100th crewed Soyuz mission reach orbit. In November, Space Shuttle Atlantis flew mission STS-129, delivering two EXPRESS Logistics Carriers to the ISS. The final crewed flight of the year, Soyuz TMA-17, was launched on 20 December with the ISS Expedition 22 crew.
Although not a spaceflight in its own right, the Ares I-X test flight was conducted on 28 October, with the rocket lifting off from Launch Complex 39B of the Kennedy Space Center at 15:30 GMT. The flight was successful and reached an altitude of around Шаблон:Convert, within the upper atmosphere. A parachute failure during descent resulted in some damage to the first stage, which was recovered.
Launch failures
Four orbital launch failures occurred in 2009. On 24 February, a Taurus-XL launched from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in California, United States, with the Orbiting Carbon Observatory. The payload fairing did not separate from the rocket, leaving the upper stage with too much mass to reach orbit. The stage, with spacecraft and fairing still attached, reentered the atmosphere, coming down off the coast of Antarctica. The second failure was a controversial North Korean launch attempt using an Unha rocket to launch the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 communications satellite. The launch was conducted on 5 April, and North Korea maintains that it successfully reached orbit, however no objects from the launch were tracked as having orbital velocity, and US radar systems tracking the rocket detected that it failed at around the time of third stage ignition, with debris falling in the Pacific Ocean.
A Soyuz-2.1a suffered a failure during the launch of Meridian 2 on 21 May, due to the premature cutoff of the second core stage of the carrier rocket. The satellite was placed in a lower than planned orbit, which it was initially expected to be able to correct by means of its onboard propulsion system, and the launch was reported to be a partial failure. By the time of the next Meridian launch in 2010 it had been confirmed that the satellite could not correct its own orbit, and that the mission was a failure.[6] On 25 August, the Naro-1 rocket was launched on its maiden flight, however one half of the payload fairing failed to separate, and it did not reach orbit.
On 31 August a Long March 3B placed the Palapa-D satellite into a lower than expected orbit after its third stage gas generator burned through, resulting in an engine failure at the start of the second burn.[7] The satellite was able to raise itself to its correct orbit at the expense of fuel which would have been used for five or six years of operations.[7]
Summary of launches
In total, seventy eight orbital launches were attempted in 2009, with seventy five catalogued as having reached orbit, and the three outright launch failures, including the North Korean launch, not being catalogued. This is an increase of nine attempts compared to 2008, and eight more launches reached orbit. This continues a four-year trend of increasing annual launch rates. The United States National Space Science Data Center catalogued 123 spacecraft placed into orbit by launches which occurred in 2009.[8]
Suborbital spaceflight in 2009 saw a number of sounding rocket and missile launches. New Zealand's Ātea-1 sounding rocket was launched on 30 November, marking that country's first suborbital flight. Russia twice attempted launches of its Bulava missile, however both launches failed. The second failure, which occurred on 9 December, resulted in a spiral pattern which was observed in the sky over Norway. The SpaceLoft-XL rocket experienced another launch failure during its third flight, on 2 May. The payload section separated from the rocket whilst it was still burning, and as a result the vehicle did not reach space.[9] It had been carrying samples of cremated human remains for Celestis, and student experiments.
By country
China conducted six launches in 2009; satellite problems early in the year followed by the fallout of the August partial launch failure resulted in many planned launches slipping into 2010. Europe launched seven Ariane 5 rockets, six in the ECA configuration and one in the GS configuration. It had also intended to launch the first Vega rocket, however this was delayed due to ongoing development issues, which had already left the project several years behind schedule. India conducted two launches of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicles, however the first flight of a new variant of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle with an Indian-built upper stage slipped into 2010. Japan conducted three launches; two using the H-IIA, plus the first H-IIB. Russia and the former Soviet Union conducted twenty nine launches, not including the international Sea and Land launch programmes, which conducted four, and the single Naro-1 launch conducted in cooperation with South Korea.
The United States made twenty four launch attempts, with the Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicles accounting for eight; the most EELV launches in a single year to date. Eight Delta II launches were also made, including its last mission with a GPS satellite, and its last flight with a payload for the United States armed forces. As the Delta II programme wound down, Space Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, one of the oldest operational launch pads in the world, was deactivated. SpaceX launched a single Falcon 1, which successfully placed an operational satellite into orbit for the first time. This was the final flight of the Falcon 1, which was subsequently retired from service in favour of the Falcon 1e.[2] At the start of the year, a mockup Falcon 9 was erected on its launch pad at Canaveral, however the type's maiden flight slipped into 2010.
Sea Launch only conducted a single launch in 2009; a Zenit-3SL launched Sicral 1B in April. In June, the company was declared bankrupt,[10] and subsequently it lost a number of launch contracts.[11] By the end of the year it was expecting to resume launches in 2010.[11] Its subsidiary, Land Launch, conducted three launches. Iran made its first successful indigenous orbital launch, however planned follow-up launches had not been conducted by the end of the year. North Korea made one launch which it claimed had successfully placed a satellite into orbit, however no such satellite was detected by any country capable of doing so. Israel was not reported to have scheduled or conducted an orbital launch attempt.
Orbital launches
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Suborbital flights
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Deep space rendezvous
| Date | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| 7 February | Cassini | 50th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| Шаблон:Nowrap | Okina | Lunar impact | Farside of the Moon |
| 17 February | Dawn | Flyby of Mars | Gravity assist, closest approach Шаблон:Convert at 00:28 GMT |
| 1 March[12] | Chang'e 1 | Lunar impact | Deorbited at 07:36 and impacted at 08:13[12] |
| 27 March | Cassini | 51st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 4 April | Cassini | 52nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 20 April | Cassini | 53rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 5 May | Cassini | 54th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 21 May | Cassini | 55th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 6 June | Cassini | 56th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 10 June[13] | Kaguya | Lunar Impact | at 18:25 UTC, around Gill crater. |
| 22 June | Cassini | 57th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 23 June | LRO | Шаблон:Nowrap | Orbital insersion burn lasted from 09:47 to 10:26 UTC |
| 23 June | LCROSS/Centaur | Lunar flyby | Gravity assist to align for impact in October, closest approach: Шаблон:Convert at 10:30:33 UTC |
| 8 July | Cassini | 58th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 24 July | Cassini | 59th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 9 August | Cassini | 60th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 25 August | Cassini | 61st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 17 September | Artemis P1 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert at 00:49 UTC[14] |
| Шаблон:Nowrap | MESSENGER | Шаблон:Nowrap | Gravity assist, closest approach: Шаблон:Convert[15] |
| 9 October | AV-020 Centaur | Lunar impact | Шаблон:Convert upper stage of the Atlas V rocket used to launch LRO and LCROSS. Impacted Cabeus crater[4] at Lunar South Pole.[16] Impact occurred at 11:31 UTC, and was observed by LCROSS. |
| Шаблон:Nowrap | Lunar impact | Шаблон:Convert shepherding spacecraft. Detached from Centaur at 01:50 UTC, and impacted same crater at 11:37. | |
| 12 October | Cassini | 62nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 2 November | Cassini | 7th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 13 November | Rosetta | 3rd flyby of Earth | Gravity assist |
| 21 November | Cassini | 8th flyby of Enceladus | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 8 December | Artemis P1 | Lunar flyby | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert at 01:25 UTC[14] |
| 12 December | Cassini | 63rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
| 28 December | Cassini | 64th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert |
- Distant, non-targeted flybys of Dione, Mimas, Rhea, Tethys and Titan by Cassini occurred throughout the year.
EVAs
| Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10 March 16:22 |
4 hours Шаблон:Nowrap |
21:11 | Шаблон:Nowrap ISS Pirs |
Шаблон:Flagicon Yuri Lonchakov Шаблон:Flagicon Michael Fincke |
Installed the EXPOSE-R experiment, removed tape straps from a docking target on the Pirs docking compartment, inspected and photographed the exterior of the Russian portion of the station.[17][18] |
| 19 March 17:16 |
6 hours 7 minutes |
23:23 | STS-119 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:Flagicon Steven Swanson Шаблон:Nowrap |
Installed the S6 truss to the S5 truss, connected S5/S6 umbilicals, released launch restraints, removed keel pins, stored and removed thermal covers, and deployed the S6 photovoltaic radiator.[19] |
| 21 March 16:51 |
6 hours 30 minutes |
23:21 | STS-119 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:FlagiconSteven Swanson Шаблон:Flagicon Joseph M. Acaba |
Advanced preparation of worksite for STS-127, installation of an unpressurised cargo carrier attachment system on the P3 truss, installation of a Global Positioning System antenna to the Kibo laboratory, and infrared imagery of panels of the radiators on the P1 and S1 trusses.[20][21] Cargo carrier installation unsuccessful |
| 23 March 15:37 |
6 hours 27 minutes |
22:04 | STS-119 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:FlagiconJoseph M. Acaba Шаблон:FlagiconRichard R. Arnold |
Relocation of a crew equipment cart, complete the deployment of a cargo carrier, lubricated the station robotic arm's latching end effector B snare bearings, and finish swapping electrical relays to the station's gyroscopes.[22] Cargo carrier deployment unsuccessful |
| 14 May 12:52 |
7 hours 20 minutes |
20:12 | STS-125 Шаблон:OV |
Шаблон:Flagicon John M. Grunsfeld Шаблон:Flagicon Andrew J. Feustel |
HST servicing: Replaced the WFPC-2 with WFC-3, replaced the Science Instrument Command and Data Handling Unit, lubricated three shroud doors, installed SCM.[23][24][25] |
| 15 May 12:49 |
7 hours 56 minutes |
20:46 | STS-125 Atlantis |
Шаблон:Nowrap Шаблон:Flagicon Michael T. Good |
HST servicing: Replaced rate sensing gyroscopes, removed one of two batteries.[26][27] |
| 16 May 13:35 |
6 hours 36 minutes |
20:11 | STS-125 Atlantis |
Шаблон:FlagiconJohn M. Grunsfeld Шаблон:FlagiconAndrew J. Feustel |
HST servicing: Replaced COSTAR with COS. Repaired ACS, performed get-ahead tasks from EVA-5.[28] |
| 17 May 13:45 |
8 hours 2 minutes |
21:47 | STS-125 Atlantis |
Шаблон:FlagiconMichael J. Massimino Шаблон:FlagiconMichael T. Good |
HST servicing: Repaired Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph.[29] |
| 18 May 13:20 |
7 hours 2 minutes |
20:22 | STS-125 Atlantis |
Шаблон:FlagiconJohn M. Grunsfeld Шаблон:FlagiconAndrew J. Feustel |
HST servicing: Final HST servicing EVA, final EVA from Space Shuttle. Replaced second battery, installed FGS-3, replaced some insulation and a low-gain antenna cover.[30][31][32] |
| 5 June 07:52 |
4 hours 54 minutes |
12:46 | Expedition 20 ISS Pirs |
Шаблон:Flagicon Gennady Padalka Шаблон:Flagicon Michael R. Barratt |
Prepared the Zvezda service module transfer compartment for the arrival of the Poisk module, installed docking antenna for the module, photographed antenna for evaluation on the ground, and photographed the Strela-2 crane. First use of the Orlan-MK spacesuit.[33][34] |
| 10 June 06:55 |
12 minutes | 07:07 | Expedition 20 ISS Zvezda |
Шаблон:FlagiconGennady Padalka Шаблон:FlagiconMichael R. Barratt |
Internal spacewalk in the depressurised Zvezda transfer compartment, replaced one of the Zvezda hatches with a docking cone, in preparation for the docking of Poisk, later this year.[35] |
| 18 July 16:19 |
5 hours 32 minutes |
21:51 | STS-127 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:Flagicon David Wolf Шаблон:Flagicon Timothy L. Kopra |
JEF installed and P3 nadir UCCAS deployed. S3 zenith outboard PAS deploy postponed due to time constraints. |
| 20 July 15:27 |
6 hours 53 minutes |
22:20 | STS-127 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:FlagiconDavid Wolf Шаблон:Flagicon Thomas Marshburn |
Transferred Orbital Replacement Units (ORUs) from the Shuttle Integrated Cargo Carrier (ICC) to the External Stowage Platform-3 (ESP-3). Transferred materials included a spare high-gain antenna, cooling-system pump module and spare parts for the Mobile Servicing System. JEF Visual Equipment (JEF-VE) installation on the forward section was postponed due to time constraints. |
| 22 July 14:32 |
5 hours 59 minutes |
20:31 | STS-127 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:FlagiconDavid Wolf Шаблон:Flagicon Christopher Cassidy |
JPM preparation work, ICS-EF MLI, and P6 battery replacement (2 of 6 units). EVA was cut short due to high levels of Шаблон:Co2 in Cassidy's suit. |
| 24 July 13:54 |
7 hours 12 minutes |
21:06 | STS-127 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:FlagiconChristopher Cassidy Шаблон:FlagiconThomas Marshburn |
P6 battery replacement (final 4 of 6). |
| 27 July 11:33 |
4 hours 54 minutes |
16:27 | STS-127 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:FlagiconChristopher Cassidy Шаблон:FlagiconThomas Marshburn |
SPDM thermal cover adjustment, Z1 patch panel reconfiguration, JEM visual equipment (JEM-VE) installation (forward and aft), and JEM-LTA reconfigurations. S3 Nadir PAS (outboard) deployment postponed to later mission. |
| 1 September 21:49 |
6 hours 35 minutes |
Шаблон:Nowrap 04:24 |
STS-128 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:Flagicon John D. Olivas Шаблон:Flagicon Nicole P. Stott |
Prepared for the replacement of an empty ammonia tank on the station's port truss by releasing its bolts. Retrieved the MISSE-6 and EuTEF experiments mounted outside Columbus, and stowed them in the Shuttle's payload bay for their return to Earth. Nicole Stott becomes the tenth woman to conduct a spacewalk. |
| 3 September 22:13 |
6 hours 39 minutes |
4 September 04:51 |
STS-128 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:FlagiconJohn D. Olivas Шаблон:Flagicon Christer Fuglesang |
Removed the new ammonia tank from the shuttle's payload bay and replaced it with the used tank from the station. The new tank, weighing about Шаблон:Convert, was the most mass ever moved by spacewalking astronauts. With this spacewalk, Christer Fuglesang became the first person, who is not from either an American or Russian space program, to have participated in four or more spacewalks. |
| Шаблон:Nowrap 20:39 |
7 hours 1 minute |
6 September 03:40 |
STS-128 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:FlagiconJohn D. Olivas Шаблон:FlagiconChrister Fuglesang |
Prepared for the arrival of Tranquility by attaching cables between the starboard truss and Unity, the area where Tranquility will be installed. The spacewalkers also replaced a communications sensor device, installed two new GPS antennas, deployed the PAS on the S3 truss, and replaced a circuit breaker. |
| 19 November 14:24 |
6 hours 37 minutes |
21:01 | STS-129 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:Flagicon Michael Foreman Шаблон:Flagicon Robert Satcher |
Installed a spare antenna on the station's truss and a bracket for ammonia lines on Unity. Lubricated the grapple mechanism on the Payload Orbital Replacement Unit Attachment Device on the Mobile Base System and lubricated the snares of the hand of the station's Japanese robotic arm. Deployed the S3 outboard Payload Attach System. |
| 21 November 14:31 |
6 hours 8 minutes |
20:39 | STS-129 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:FlagiconMichael Foreman Шаблон:Flagicon Randolph Bresnik |
Installed the GATOR (Grappling Adaptor to On-Orbit Railing) bracket to Columbus and an additional ham radio antenna. Installed on the truss an antenna for wireless helmet camera video. Relocated the Floating Potential Measurement Unit that records electrical potential around the station as it orbits the Earth. Deployed two brackets to attach cargo on the truss. |
| 23 November 13:24 |
5 hours 42 minutes |
19:06 | STS-129 ISS Quest |
Шаблон:FlagiconRobert Satcher Шаблон:FlagiconRandolph Bresnik |
Installed a new High Pressure Gas Tank (HPGT) on the Quest airlock. Installed MISSE-7A and 7B on ELC-2. Strapped two micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) shields to External Stowage Platform #2. Relocated foot restraint, released a bolt on Ammonia Tank Assembly, installed insulated covers on cameras on mobile servicing system and Canadarm 2's end effector. Worked heater cables on docking adapter. |
Orbital launch statistics
By country
| radius = 120 | slices = ( 6 : China : red ) ( 7 : Europe : navy ) ( 2 : India : darkorange ) ( 1 : Iran : darkgreen ) ( 3 : Japan : white ) ( 1 : North Korea : crimson ) ( 1 : South Korea : purple ) ( 27 : Russia : brown ) ( 6 : Ukraine :yellow ) ( 24 : USA : blue ) | units suffix = | hide group legends = true
}}
| Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:CHN | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | ||
| Шаблон:EUR | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Шаблон:IND | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Шаблон:IRN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | First successful orbital launch[3] | |
| Шаблон:JPN | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Шаблон:PRK | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Шаблон:KOR | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | With Russian assistance | |
| Шаблон:RUS | 27 | 26 | 1 | 0 | ||
| Шаблон:UKR | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Шаблон:USA | 24 | 23 | 1 | 0 | ||
| World | 78 | 73 | 4 | 1 | ||
By rocket
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart | float = center | width = 850 | height = 400 | stack = 1 | group 1 = 7:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 2 = 0: 5:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 3 = 0:0: 8:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 4 = 0:0: 2:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 5 = 0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 6 = 0:0:0: 2:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 7 = 0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 8 = 0:0:0:0: 3:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 9 = 0:0:0:0: 2:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 10 = 0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 11 = 0:0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 12 = 0:0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 13 = 0:0:0:0:0:0: 7:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 14 = 0:0:0:0:0:0: 4:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 15 = 0:0:0:0:0:0: 2:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 16 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0 | group 17 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0 | group 18 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 5:0:0:0:0 | group 19 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 2:0:0:0 | group 20 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 2:0:0 | group 21 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 8:0:0 | group 22 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 3:0:0 | group 23 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 4:0 | group 24 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 5 | group 25 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:15 | colors = MediumBlue : Goldenrod : SteelBlue : LightSteelBlue : DarkBlue : Olive : DarkKhaki : FireBrick : IndianRed : Salmon: DarkGreen : SeaGreen : Grey : DarkGrey : Chocolate : Yellow : Orange : SaddleBrown : Gold : Peru : Tan : Wheat : Orchid : LightGrey: White | group names = Ariane 5 : Atlas V : Delta II : Delta IV : Delta IV Heavy : H-IIA : H-IIB : Long March 2 : Long March 3 : Long March 4 : Minotaur I : Taurus : Soyuz-U : Soyuz-FG : Soyuz-2 : Dnepr : Tsyklon-3 : Space Shuttle : PSLV : Proton-K : Proton-M : Rokot : Zenit-3SL/SLB : Others: | x legends = Ariane : Atlas : Delta : H-II : Long March : Minotaur : R-7 : R-36 : Shuttle : ILV : UR : Zenit :Others | units suffix = _launches }}
By family
| Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angara | Шаблон:RUS | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Ariane | Шаблон:Flag | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas | Шаблон:USA | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta | Шаблон:USA | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon | Шаблон:USA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-II | Шаблон:JPN | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March | Шаблон:CHN | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | |
| Minotaur | Шаблон:USA | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| R-7 | Шаблон:RUS | 13 | 12 | 1 | 0 | |
| R-14 | Шаблон:RUS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| R-36 | Шаблон:UKR | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Safir | Шаблон:IRN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | First successful launch[3] |
| Space Shuttle | Шаблон:USA | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| ILV | Шаблон:IND | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Unha | Шаблон:PRK | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Universal Rocket | Шаблон:RUS | 13 | 13 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zenit | Шаблон:UKR | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
By type
| Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariane 5 | Шаблон:Flag | Ariane | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas V | Шаблон:USA | Atlas | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta II | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta IV | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Dnepr | Шаблон:UKR | R-36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon 1 | Шаблон:USA | Falcon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight[2] |
| H-IIA | Шаблон:JPN | H-II | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-IIB | Шаблон:JPN | H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Kosmos | Шаблон:RUS | R-12/R-14 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Long March 4 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Minotaur I | Шаблон:USA | Minotaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Naro | Шаблон:RUS Шаблон:KOR |
Angara | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Proton | Шаблон:RUS | Universal Rocket | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSLV | Шаблон:IND | ILV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Safir | Шаблон:IRN | Safir | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz | Шаблон:RUS | R-7 | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2 | Шаблон:RUS | R-7 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
| Space Shuttle | Шаблон:USA | Space Shuttle | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Taurus | Шаблон:USA | Minotaur | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Tsyklon | Шаблон:UKR | R-36 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight[1] |
| Unha | Шаблон:PRK | Unha | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| UR-100 | Шаблон:RUS | Universal Rocket | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zenit | Шаблон:UKR | Zenit | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
| Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariane 5 ECA | Шаблон:Flag | Ariane 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ariane 5 GS | Шаблон:Flag | Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
| Atlas V 401 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas V 421 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Atlas V 431 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta II 7320 | Шаблон:USA | Delta II | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta II 7920 | Шаблон:USA | Delta II | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta II 7925 | Шаблон:USA | Delta II | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
| Delta IV-M+ (4,2) | Шаблон:USA | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Delta IV-M+ (5,4) | Шаблон:USA | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Delta IV Heavy | Шаблон:USA | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Dnepr | Шаблон:UKR | Dnepr | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Falcon 1 | Шаблон:USA | Falcon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-IIA 202 | Шаблон:JPN | H-IIA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| H-IIB | Шаблон:JPN | H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Kosmos-3M | Шаблон:RUS | Kosmos | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2C | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 2D | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 3B | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 3 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | |
| Long March 3C | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Long March 4C | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Minotaur I | Шаблон:USA | Minotaur I | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Naro-1 | Шаблон:RUS Шаблон:KOR |
Naro | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
| Proton-K / DM-2 | Шаблон:RUS | Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Proton-M / DM-2 | Шаблон:RUS | Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Proton-M / Briz-M | Шаблон:RUS | Proton | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
| PSLV-CA | Шаблон:IND | PSLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Rokot / Briz-KM | Шаблон:RUS | UR-100 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Safir | Шаблон:IRN | Safir | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-FG | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
| Soyuz-U | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| Space Shuttle | Шаблон:USA | Space Shuttle | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Taurus-XL 3110 | Шаблон:USA | Taurus | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Tsyklon-3 | Шаблон:UKR | Tsyklon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight[1] |
| Unha | Шаблон:PRK | Unha | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Zenit-3SL | Шаблон:UKR | Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Zenit-3SLB | Шаблон:UKR | Zenit | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
By launch site
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart | float = center | width = 980 | height = 400 | stack = 1 | group 1 = 2:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 2 = 2:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 3 = 2:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 4 = 0: 7:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 5 = 0:0: 2:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 6 = 0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 7 = 0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 8 = 0:0:0:0:0: 3:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 9 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:24:0:0:0:0:0 | group 10 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0 | group 11 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0 | group 12 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 8:0:0 | group 13 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 1:0 | group 14 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:11 | group 15 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 5 | group 16 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 1 | group 17 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 6 | colors = FireBrick : Crimson : LightCoral : MediumBlue : Orange : Aquamarine : ForestGreen : MediumPurple : LightSeaGreen : Indigo : Olive : SteelBlue : Purple : Blue : DodgerBlue : DeepSkyBlue : SkyBlue | group names = Jiuquan : Taiyuan : Xichang : Kourou : Satish Dhawan : Ocean Odyssey : Semnan : Tanegashima : Baikonur : Kwajalein : Tonghae : Plesetsk : Naro : Cape Canaveral : Kennedy : MARS : Vandenberg | x legends = China : France : India : International waters : Iran : Japan : Kazakhstan : Marshall Islands : North Korea : Russia : South Korea : United States | units suffix = _launches }}
| Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baikonur | Шаблон:KAZ | 24 | 24 | 0 | 0 | |
| Cape Canaveral | Шаблон:USA | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
| Jiuquan | Шаблон:CHN | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kennedy | Шаблон:USA | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kwajalein | Шаблон:MHL | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Kourou | Шаблон:FRA | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
| MARS | Шаблон:USA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Ocean Odyssey | Шаблон:Flagicon International | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Naro | Шаблон:KOR | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | First launch |
| Plesetsk | Шаблон:RUS | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
| Satish Dhawan | Шаблон:IND | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Semnan | Шаблон:IRN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Taiyuan | Шаблон:CHN | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tanegashima | Шаблон:JPN | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| Tonghae | Шаблон:PRK | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
| Vandenberg | Шаблон:USA | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
| Xichang | Шаблон:CHN | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Total | 78 | 73 | 4 | 1 | ||
By orbit
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart
| float = center
| width = 800
| height = 400
| stack = 1
| group 1 = 0:0:0:0:0:0
| group 2 = 0:13:0:0:0:0
| group 3 = 0:14:0:0:0:0
| group 4 = 0:15:0:0:0:0
| group 5 = 0: 0:0:0:0:0
| group 6 = 0:0: 4:0:0:0
| group 7 = 0:0:0:26:0:0
| group 8 = 0:0:0: 0:0:0
| group 9 = 0:0:0:0: 1:0
| group 10 = 0:0:0:0:0: 2
| colors = DeepSkyBlue: Navy : MediumBlue : RoyalBlue : DodgerBlue : LightSeaGreen : SaddleBrown : Peru : Black: Gold
| group names = Transatmospheric : Low Earth : Low Earth (ISS) : Low Earth (SSO) : Low Earth (retrograde) : Medium Earth : Geosychronous
(transfer) : Inclined GSO : High Earth : Heliocentric
| x legends = Transatmospheric : Low Earth : Medium Earth : Geosynchronous / transfer : High Earth : Heliocentric
| units suffix = _launches
}}
| Orbital regime | Launches | Шаблон:Tooltip | Failures | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
| Low Earth | 45 | 42 | 3 | 0 | 14 to ISS |
| Medium Earth / Molniya | 4 | 3 | 1 | 1 | |
| Geosynchronous / GTO | 26 | 26 | 0 | 0 | |
| High Earth / Lunar transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| Heliocentric / Planetary transfer | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| Total | 78 | 74 | 4 | 1 |
See also
References
Footnotes
Шаблон:TLS-L Шаблон:Orbital launches in 2009
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокNSF-T3-retiredне указан текст - ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокF1-retiredне указан текст - ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокJSR606не указан текст - ↑ 4,0 4,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>; для сносокBurnthroughне указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 11,0 11,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 14,0 14,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Technical Info- Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite Шаблон:Webarchive
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead linkШаблон:Cbignore
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
