Английская Википедия:2009 swine flu pandemic in Canada

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Pp-move-indef Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Main article Шаблон:Infobox pandemic The 2009 swine flu pandemic in Canada was part of an epidemic in 2009 of a new strain of influenza A virus subtype H1N1 causing what has been commonly called swine flu. In Canada, roughly 10% of the populace (or 3.5 million) has been infected with the virus,[1][2] with 428 confirmed deaths (as of 20 February 2017);[3] non-fatal individual cases are for the most part no longer being recorded. About 40% of Canadians have been immunized against H1N1 since a national vaccination campaign began in October 2009,[4] with Canada among the countries in the world leading in the percentage of the population that has been vaccinated.[1][5] The widespread effect of H1N1 in Canada raised concerns during the months leading to the XXI Olympic Winter Games, which took place in Vancouver in February 2010.[6]

Human cases

Alberta

As of 9 April 2010, there were 1,278 confirmed hospitalized cases in Alberta.[7]

On 2 May 2009, Canadian Food Inspection Agency executive vice-president Brian Evans announced that an infected Alberta farm worker recently returned from Mexico had apparently passed the virus to a swine herd in his care. Although the herd had been quarantined, Evans stressed that the infection represented no threat to food safety and judged the possibility of infected pigs passing the virus back to humans "remote". Evans said the infection of the herd was the first known case of the H1N1 virus being transmitted from humans to pigs.[8] Transmission from the same herd of pigs back to humans was revealed on 20 July, though it occurred on 7 May when the humans, health inspectors, were taking samples from the infected herd with improper self-protective measures.[9]

On 8 May, health officials in Alberta confirmed that swine flu contributed to the death of a woman in Northern Alberta on 28 April, Canada's first death associated with the illness.[10][11][12][13][14][15]

As of 14 August 2009, there were 1,648 confirmed cases of swine flu in Alberta. Health and Wellness Alberta stopped reporting non-hospitalized cases on 21 August.[7]

British Columbia

The B.C. government has reported 1,060 severe flu cases as of 2 February 2010. 49 of 56 fatalities were people with underlying medical conditions.[16] The province is no longer reporting non-severe cases (Total cases reached 676 by 10 August).[17]

The initial cases in British Columbia involved two young men aged 25–35 from the B.C. Lower Mainland who had recently come back from Mexico, according to Danuta Skowronski, head of flu and respiratory illnesses at the BC Centre for Disease Control, run by the provincial government. The cases were discovered by normal flu testing conducted by the disease control centre after the men had visited a doctor about flu-like symptoms. She noted the disease seemed "widespread" in Mexico and should not be mistaken by tourists to be linked only with urban Mexico City.[18] The first fatality in British Columbia caused by the H1N1 virus occurred on 14 July, and was a young child who died within 24 hours of being rushed to the hospital.[19] There were concerns of H1N1 during the months leading up to the 2010 Winter Olympics that occurred in Vancouver in February 2010, as a result volunteers were required to be vaccinated.[6] On 28 January, Perry Kendall, the provincial health officer, stated that the chances of a third wave of H1N1 were "diminishing". However, he maintained that vaccinations continued to be recommended for all and are vital for reducing the risk of another wave of H1N1.[20]

Manitoba

As of 5 October 2009, there were 892 confirmed cases in the province, with 7 deaths associated with the H1N1 virus.[21] As of 1 February 2010, there had been 1,774 new confirmed cases, with 4 deaths since the start of the "second wave" 6 October.[21]

On 3 May, the first case in Manitoba was confirmed in the Brandon area.[22] The second case in Manitoba was announced on 12 May. The second case, a Winnipeg woman in her 50s was admitted to hospital, although the province noted she also has an unidentified underlying medical condition.Шаблон:Citation needed

Newfoundland and Labrador

As of 4 January 2010, there were 267 hospitalized cases in the province.[23]

On 13 June, Newfoundland and Labrador reported their first case of swine flu, becoming the final province to do so. The case involves a sample collected from a young man who was treated Thursday 11 June at the hospital in Grand Falls-Windsor.[24]

The first recorded death of a person with swine flu was recorded on 1 November 2009, when a 36-year-old woman died from the virus.[25]

New Brunswick

The first case in New Brunswick was confirmed to be present in Greater Moncton on 1 May 2009.[26]

By 28 August, there had been 147 confirmed cases in New Brunswick. The first deaths occurred 13 November.[27]

Northwest Territories

On 1 June, the Northwest Territories confirmed their first case of swine flu.[28] The first death occurred in November.[3]

Nova Scotia

From the beginning of the 2009–10 flu season in September until 2 December, there were 739 confirmed cases, including 255 hospitalizations.[29]

First cases: Nova Scotia's chief medical officer, Robert Strang, said on 26 April that the National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg confirmed late the previous day that four people in the province between the ages of 12 and 18 were recovering from "relatively mild" cases of the disease. The four people were students attending King's-Edgehill School preparatory school in Windsor, Nova Scotia. One of the infected students had been on a recent school trip to the Yucatán Peninsula in southern Mexico.[30][31]

Nunavut

On 16 July 2009, Nunavut reported its first swine flu death.[32] As of 5 August, there were 496 confirmed cases of the swine flu.[33]

Ontario

There were 8,633 confirmed cases in Ontario, with 1,725 hospitalizations as of 10 December.[34]

On 27 April 2009, four cases were suspected to be swine flu in Ontario. This number grew to ten cases in five days.[35] On 25 May, Ontario Health Minister David Caplan confirmed that a Toronto man in his 40s had died of the virus.[36][37]

The Toronto region acted as a secondary epicentre during the 2003 SARS epidemic, and took extra precautions against the H1N1 virus in the early stages of the pandemic.[38]

Ontario is also home to what is believed to be the youngest Canadian death from swine flu. A two-month-old baby was admitted to the London Health Sciences Centre on 2 November 2009; the boy died in the early morning two days later.[39] This death, is one of three recently reported in London, Ontario, and has brought the number of confirmed deaths from H1N1 since April in Ontario to 95 as of 26 November 2009.[3]

Prince Edward Island

As of 8 December 2009, there were 50 hospitalizations in the province, and no deaths.[40]

Prince Edward Island confirmed its first two cases in Charlottetown on 4 May 2009.[41]

Файл:AntigenicShift HiRes.svg
Swine can be infected by both avian and human influenza strains of influenza, and therefore are hosts where the antigenic shifts can occur that create new influenza strains.

Quebec

There had been 2,422 hospitalized cases as of 4 December 2009.[42]

While an early case Quebec turned out not to be swine flu,[43] on 30 April 2009, the first case in the province was confirmed in the Greater Montreal Area.

The first case of death was announced on 8 June, making the total of 4 deaths for Canada. The person was a more than 65-year-old woman suffering from respiratory diseases before being hospitalized on 2 June. According to medical expertise, she had never traveled to Mexico and had no contact with those who did.[44]

Confirmed cases totalled 10,714 between 30 August and 4 December 2009.[42]

Saskatchewan

The first cases were confirmed on 7 May in the Saskatoon and Regina areas.[45]

The province stopped counting individual cases as of 23 July 2009. At that point there were 888 confirmed cases.[46]

Yukon

On 12 May 2009, Yukon reported its first case of swine flu.[3] The first death was a school-aged girl who died on 1 November.[47]

Totals

Province/Territory Confirmed Deaths by 20 February[3] Increase Reported 14 – 20 February[3]
British Columbia 57 1
Alberta 71 0
Saskatchewan 15 0
Manitoba 11 0
Ontario 128 0
Quebec 108 0
New Brunswick 8 0
Nova Scotia 7 0
Prince Edward Island 0 0
Newfoundland and Labrador 18 0
Yukon 3 0
Northwest Territories 1 0
Nunavut 1 0
Total 428 1

Progression Chart

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</timeline>

Non-human cases

On 2 May, the first incidence in Canada of the flu in pigs was discovered on a farm in Alberta.[49] It is suspected that an infected farmhand who recently returned from Mexico infected the animals.[50]

In Canada in early June, the Alberta pig farmer whose herd was infected with the new swine flu virus culled his entire herd. In May he had already culled 500 animals from his herd. The farm owner said the animals could not be marketed because they are under quarantine and he was facing a problem with overcrowding.[51]

Response

Шаблон:Further Michael Gardam, director of infectious disease prevention and control at the Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion, said in an interview with the CBC that an outbreak of swine flu in Ontario, Canada's most populous province, would not be as serious as the 2003 SARS epidemic.[52] In preparing for and dealing with an influenza pandemic, the Public Health Agency of Canada follows the WHO's categories, but has expanded them somewhat.[53] Despite initial reports of two swine influenza cases in Montreal's Lakeshore General Hospital, Johanne Simard of the Montreal Regional Health Board confirmed negative results for all quarantined patients at the hospital and that no quarantines were currently in effect at the hospital.[54] The National Microbiology Laboratory in Winnipeg confirmed cases of human swine influenza virus in clinical specimens sent from Mexico[55] and the Canadian government issued a travel advisory for Mexico, warning Canadians who have returned from the country of the severe respiratory illness.[56]

On 26 April, the Government of Nova Scotia announced on a live webcast that four students in Windsor, Nova Scotia, have confirmed cases of swine flu.[57] Later that day, the Federal Government confirmed the existence of a total of six cases in Canada; four in Nova Scotia and two in British Columbia. Federal Health minister Leona Aglukkaq said the Canadian federal government would take whatever measures were necessary to keep the public safe, and that as Canada continued to ramp out its surveillance efforts there would likely be more reported cases. She also said she had been in contact with her provincial and territorial counterparts and had ordered the Public Health Agency of Canada to alert border authories, quarantine officers and other officials.[58] However, Canada's Chief Public Health Officer, David Butler-Jones, stated that the six affected Canadians suffered from only mild symptoms and have already started to recover. However, Butler-Jones warned against complacency, stating that the fact that only mild cases have been reported so far "doesn't mean we won't see either some more severe illness or potentially deaths."[59] In both provinces, the cases either involved people who had recently returned from Mexico or those in close contact with such people.[60]

In a step towards understanding the outbreak, and developing a vaccine, Canadian scientists completed the first full genetic sequencing of the H1N1 swine flu virus on 6 May.[61]

The high percentage of mild to severe cases amongst First Nations Peoples in Manitoba and Northern Ontario, when compared to the general population, have raised questions about the vulnerability of these communities to H1N1 across Canada.[62][63] Concerns have also risen about whether the Canadian government's pandemic preparation plan is able to properly address the specific needs of these communities.[64]

Timeline

2009 A(H1N1) Outbreak and Pandemic Milestones in Canada
26 April Шаблон:Flagicon First case confirmed in Nova Scotia (First Case in Canada)
Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in British Columbia.
28 April Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in Alberta.
Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in Ontario.
30 April Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in Quebec
1 May Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in New Brunswick
3 May Шаблон:Flagicon First known cases of reverse zoonosis in the world.
Шаблон:Flagicon First known infected pigs found in the world.
4 May Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed cases on Prince Edward Island
7 May Шаблон:Flagicon First death confirmed in Alberta. (first death in Canada)
Шаблон:Flagicon First case of zoonosis in Canada, where an infected pig infects a human.
Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in Saskatchewan.
8 May Шаблон:Flagicon Community outbreaks confirmed in Canada.
9 May Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in the Manitoba.
12 May Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in the Yukon.
25 May Шаблон:Flagicon First death in Ontario.
28 May Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in the Nunavut.
1 June Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in the Northwest Territories.
8 June Шаблон:Flagicon First death in Quebec.
13 June Шаблон:Flagicon First confirmed case in Newfoundland and Labrador.
16 June Шаблон:Flagicon First death in Manitoba.
27 June Шаблон:Flagicon First death in Saskatchewan.
14 July Шаблон:Flagicon First death in British Columbia.
15 July Шаблон:Flagicon First death in Nunavut.
22 July Шаблон:Flagicon First case of Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) resistance found in Canada.
24 July Шаблон:Flagicon First death in Nova Scotia.
31 October Шаблон:Flagicon First death in Newfoundland and Labrador.
1 November Шаблон:Flagicon First death in the Yukon.
13 November Шаблон:Flagicon First death in New Brunswick.
25 November Шаблон:Flagicon First death in the Northwest Territories.

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons

Canadian
International

Шаблон:2009 swine flu Шаблон:Influenza

zh:2009年H1N1流感大流行各國疫情及反應#加拿大

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite news "Roughly 10 per cent of Canadians have been infected, and another 25 per cent have been immunized."
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news "(In Canada alone, for example, an estimated 3.5 million people have been infected with the flu.)
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 Шаблон:Cite news
  4. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  5. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news "The country's chief public health officer says almost one-quarter of Canadians have been immunized against swine flu. David Butler-Jones says Canada is leading the world when it comes to the percentage of the population vaccinated."
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 http://uk.eurosport.yahoo.com/28102009/2/2010-athletes-spectators-urged-h1n1-shots.htmlШаблон:Dead link
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  8. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  10. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  18. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  19. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  20. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  21. ↑ 21,0 21,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  22. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  23. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  24. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  25. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  26. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  27. ↑ flu bulletins available at Шаблон:Cite web
  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  29. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  30. ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
  31. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  32. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  33. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  34. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  35. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  36. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  37. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  38. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  39. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newsШаблон:Dead linkШаблон:Cbignore
  40. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  41. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  42. ↑ 42,0 42,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  43. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  44. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  45. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  46. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  47. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  48. ↑ Government of Canada – Health Canada: Update bulletins for influenza A H1N1 2009 (human swine influenza) Шаблон:Webarchive
  49. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  51. ↑ "3,000 Alberta hogs culled due to swine flu" Шаблон:Webarchive Health Zone – Canada, 7 June 2009
  52. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  54. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  55. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  56. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  57. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  58. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  59. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  60. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  61. ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
  62. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  63. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  64. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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