Английская Википедия:2010 G20 Seoul summit

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Файл:2010 G-20 Seoul summit.jpg
World leaders at the 2010 G20 Seoul summit

The 2010 G20 Seoul Summit was the fifth meeting of the G20 heads of government/heads of state, to discuss the global financial system and the world economy,[1] which took place in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, on November 11–12, 2010. South Korea was the first non-G8 nation to host a G20 leaders' summit.[2]

The G20 is the premier forum for discussing, planning, and monitoring international economic cooperation.[3]

The theme of the summit was "Shared Growth Beyond Crisis".[4]

Agenda

The summit leaders addressed several mid- and long-term policy issues,[5] including

Representatives met in advance of the leaders' summit. These sherpas were tasked to draft a closing statement for the summit. The debate over currency exchange rates and imbalances was reported to have been "heated".[8]

Preparations

Шаблон:Main The summit logo incorporated two images: the sun rising over the sea and a traditional Korean lantern (cheongsachorong).[1]

Originally, three new artificial islands built on the Han River between the Banpo and Dongjak bridges were going to be used as the main venue.[9] However, delayed construction of the islands led for the main summit venue to relocate to COEX Convention & Exhibition Center.

The Republic of Korea Armed Forces and Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency provided security for the venues.

A group of South Korean artists, consisting of Gyu-ri, Seohyun, Jun. K, Changmin, Jaekyung, Jonghyun, Sungmin, Kahi, Luna, Ji Eun, Junhyung, Gayoon, Min, G.O, Bumkey, G.NA, Son Dam-bi, Seo In-guk, IU, and Anna, credited as Group of 20 recorded a song titled "Let's Go" for the summit.

Transportation

Most world leaders and international media arrived via Incheon International Airport and traveled to the summit venue via motorcades along the highway from the airport.

Transportation around the summit venue was upgraded with electric buses to help media and others around the city.

Attendance

Файл:Obama and Erdoğan speaking.jpg
American President Obama and Turkish Prime Minister Erdoğan in conversation.

The participants of the Seoul summit included the leaders and representatives of core members of the G20, which comprises 19 countries and the European Union, which is represented by its two governing bodies, the European Council and the European Commission.[10] Representatives from other countries and regional organizations were invited to take part in the summit.

The South Korean government declined to invite the Netherlands, which had been invited to attend all four previous G20 summits. A Korean spokesman said that "a certain region had been over-represented" in the past; and for this Asian summit, Singapore was invited.[11]

This was the first summit at which there were four women among the leaders. In addition to President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner of Argentina, Prime Minister Julia Gillard of Australia, Chancellor Angela Merkel of Germany, and the president-elect of Brazil, Dilma Rousseff, accompanied her nation's delegation.[12]

This was the first G20 summit for Australia's Prime Minister Gillard, who had only been elected shortly before the Toronto summit.[13] This was also the first opportunity for Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong of Singapore to listen and to make his voice heard at the G20 leaders' meetings.[11]

G20 members
Host nation and leader are indicated in bold text.
Member Represented by Title
Шаблон:Flagicon Argentina Cristina Fernández de Kirchner[14] President
Шаблон:Flagicon Australia Julia Gillard[15] Prime Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon Brazil Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva[16] President
Шаблон:Flagicon Canada Stephen Harper[17] Prime Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon China Hu Jintao[18] President
Шаблон:Flagicon France Nicolas Sarkozy[19] President
Шаблон:Flagicon Germany Angela Merkel[16] Chancellor
Шаблон:Flagicon India Manmohan Singh[20] Prime Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono[21] President
Шаблон:Flagicon Italy Silvio Berlusconi[16] Prime Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon Japan Naoto Kan[22] Prime Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon Mexico Felipe Calderón[23] President
Шаблон:Flagicon Russia Dmitry Medvedev[24] President
Шаблон:Flagicon Saudi Arabia Saud bin Faisal bin Abdulaziz Al Saud[25] Foreign Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon South Africa Jacob Zuma[26] President
Шаблон:Flagicon South Korea Lee Myung-bak[27] President
Шаблон:Flagicon Turkey Recep Tayyip Erdoğan[16] Prime Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon United Kingdom David Cameron[28] Prime Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon United States Barack Obama[29] President
Шаблон:Flagicon European Commission José Manuel Barroso[30] President
European Council Herman Van Rompuy[16] President
Invited states
State[31] Represented by Title
Шаблон:Flagicon Ethiopia[32] Meles Zenawi[33] Prime Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon Malawi[32] Bingu wa Mutharika[33] President
Шаблон:Flagicon Singapore Lee Hsien Loong[34] Prime Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon Spain José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero[16] Prime Minister
Шаблон:Flagicon Vietnam Nguyễn Tấn Dũng[35] Prime Minister[36]
International organisations
Organisation[31] Represented by Title
African Union Bingu wa Mutharika[37] Chairman
ASEAN Surin Pitsuwan[38] Secretary General
Nguyễn Tấn Dũng[35] Chairman
Financial Stability Forum Mario Draghi[39] Chairman
International Labour Organization Juan Somavía[38] Head
International Monetary Fund Dominique Strauss-Kahn[40] Managing Director
NEPAD Meles Zenawi[41] Chairman
OECD José Ángel Gurría[42] Secretary-General
Шаблон:Flagicon United Nations Ban Ki-moon[43] Secretary General
World Bank Group Robert Zoellick[44] President
World Trade Organization Pascal Lamy[45] Director-General

Security

Security for the G20 summit presented a unique array of problems. In addition to the security of the main venue, COEX, South Korea was more broadly responsible for providing a safe venue for the delegations who come to the summit. The National Police Agency led the security detail for the summit, both at the convention venue and the airport as well. Other police and security agencies involved were:

Файл:G20 protests Seoul - VOA - police.jpg
A squad of riot police in front of the Korea Press Center in downtown Seoul — November 7, 2010
Файл:G20 protests Seoul - VOA - labor protesters.jpg
Demonstrators converged on downtown Seoul in protest against the G20 leaders' summit. The labor rally took place in Seoul City Plaza near city hall — November 7, 2010

In preparation, anti-terrorism drills were held by members of the South Korean police, military, special forces and private sector as part of the 2010 Ulchi-Freedom Guardian exercises against simulated hostage situations and chemical, biological and radiological attacks as a preparation for the summit.[46]

Plans for accommodating peaceful protesters were paired with plans for mitigating disruptive demonstrations.

The G20 raised security concerns unrelated to demonstrators protesting the presence of the leaders of 20 economies in Seoul. For example, some analysts projected that anything perceived as a success for South Korea would be simultaneously construed in Pyongyang as a threat to North Korea.[47]

Despite public endorsements by attending leaders, most commentators looking back on the summit have argued that only limited progress was made, especially on the headline issue of currency war and addressing trade imbalances.[48][49][50][51][52][53][54] Leaders were generally unable to agree on key issues, with commentators such as economist Eswar Prasad noting the absence of the sense of unity that had been present at summits during the worse of the global financial crisis of 2007–2009. IMF managing director Dominique Strauss-Kahn said this particular summit was "more of a G20 debate than a G20 conclusion".[49]

Relating to the need to rebalance the world economy, agreement had been reached to work on indicative guidelines which will set suggested maximum limits for current account surpluses and deficits, though these are not due to be fleshed out until 2011. G20 leaders also agreed to endorse the Seoul Development Consensus, a set of guidelines and principles for working together with less development nations to improve economic growth and reduce poverty. In contrast to the older Washington Consensus which it supersedes, the Seoul Consensus is less free market–orientated, allowing a larger role for state intervention.[55][56]

See also

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

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  1. ↑ Перейти обратно: 1,0 1,1 Cho Jin-seo. "Seoul unveils G20 summit's symbol," Шаблон:Webarchive Korea Times (ROK). July 8, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010.
  2. ↑ Oliver, Christian. "Seoul: S Korea looks forward to its own party," Financial Times (UK). June 25, 2010.
  3. ↑ Parliament (UK): Townsend, Ian. "G20 & the November 2010 Seoul summit" (SN/EP/5028) Шаблон:Webarchive, October 19, 2010, retrieved 2011-04-07; excerpt, "Today, we designated the G-20 as the premier forum for our international economic cooperation" citing "Pittsburgh G20 Leaders’ summit communiqué," ¶50 September 29, 2009, retrieved 2011-04-07; excerpt, "Today, we designated the G-20 as the premier forum for our international economic cooperation. We have asked our representatives to report back at the next meeting with recommendations on how to maximize the effectiveness of our cooperation. We agreed to have a G-20 Summit in Canada in June 2010, and in Korea in November 2010. We expect to meet annually thereafter, and will meet in France in 2011.
  4. ↑ "G-20 preparation committee adopts catchphrase 'Shared growth beyond crisis'," Шаблон:Webarchive Yonhap News Agency. July 20, 2010; retrieved Mar 5, 2011.
  5. ↑ Il SaKong, Amar Bhattacharya, Mahani Zainal Abidin, Marcus Noland. "Shaping the G20 Agenda in Asia: The 2010 Seoul Summit," Шаблон:Webarchive East-West Dialogue (US) April 29, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010.
  6. ↑ Перейти обратно: 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 G20 Seoul summit, AgendaШаблон:Dead link
  7. ↑ Перейти обратно: 7,0 7,1 G20 Seoul summit, New agenda and initiatives Шаблон:Webarchive
  8. ↑ Kaiser, Emily and David Chance. "G20 Deputies' Meeting 'heated" Spokesman Says," Reuters (UK). November 9, 2010; retrieved Nov 9, 2010.
  9. ↑ Kang Shin-who. "Seoul to Host G20 Summit on 'Floating Islands' on Han River," Шаблон:Webarchive Korea Times (ROK). January 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010.
  10. ↑ Rieffel, Lex. "Regional Voices in Global Governance: Looking to 2010 (Part IV)," Шаблон:Webarchive Brookings (US). March 27, 2009; retrieved Nov 10, 2010; "core" members (G20 official site) Шаблон:Webarchive
  11. ↑ Перейти обратно: 11,0 11,1 Cho Jin-seo Five non-G20 nations invited to Seoul Summit Шаблон:Webarchive Korea Times (ROK). September 24, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010
  12. ↑ Phillips, Tom. "Will the G20 summit put women at the top of the agenda?" Шаблон:Webarchive Guardian (UK). November 10, 2010.
  13. ↑ O'Malley, Sandra. Шаблон:Cite news
  14. ↑ "President CFK travels to Seoul for G20," Шаблон:Webarchive Buenos Aires Herald (Argentina). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010.
  15. ↑ Grattan, Michelle. "Seoul Honours Fraulein Gillard," Шаблон:Webarchive Sydney Morning Herald (Australia). November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  16. ↑ Перейти обратно: 16,0 16,1 16,2 16,3 16,4 16,5 Joshi, Vijay. "G20 Struggles to Find Common Ground on Disputes," San Diego Union (US). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  17. ↑ Kennedy, Mark. "Harper Heads to Korea to Tackle Looming Currency Crisis," Шаблон:Webarchive Vancouver Sun (Canada). November 9, 2010; retrieved Nov 9, 2010.
  18. ↑ "Chinese President Leaves for G20, APEC Summits," Шаблон:Webarchive Xinhua (China). November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  19. ↑ Vinocur, Nick. "French President Takes Maiden Flight on 'Air Sarko'," Reuters (UK). November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  20. ↑ "Manmohan Singh Leaves for Seoul G20 Summit," Hindustan Times (India). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010
  21. ↑ Maulia, Erwida. "SBY to Head to G-20 Summit in Seoul on Thursday," Шаблон:Webarchive Jakarta Post (Indonesia). November 11, 2010; Nov 11, 2010.
  22. ↑ "Japan PM Says to Explain FX Stance to G20 if Needed," Reuters (UK). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  23. ↑ "Calderón llega a Seúl para Cumbre de G20," Шаблон:Webarchive El Semanario (Mexico). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010.
  24. ↑ Ser Myo-ja. "Lee Meets Medvedev in First of Many Bilaterals," Шаблон:Webarchive Korea JoongAng Daily (ROK). November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010
  25. ↑ Ghazanfar Ali Khan. "Saud Heads Kingdom’s G20 Team," Шаблон:WebarchiveArab News (Saudi Arabia). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  26. ↑ "Zuma Arrives in Seoul Ahead of G20," Шаблон:Webarchive Independent (South Africa). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  27. ↑ Kim So-hyun. "Lee to hold separate talks with G20 leaders," Шаблон:Webarchive Korean Herald (ROK). November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  28. ↑ Inman, Phillip and Patrick Wintour. "G20 Summit at Odds over Global Recovery Pact," Шаблон:Webarchive Guardian (UK). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010.
  29. ↑ Chan, Sewell and Sheryl Gay Stolberg. "In Message to G-20 Leaders, Obama Aims to Calm Tensions," Шаблон:Webarchive New York Times (US). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  30. ↑ Boschat, Nathalie. "ET EU Barroso: G-20 Needs To Tackle Imbalances Decisively," Wall Street Journal. November 11. 2010.
  31. ↑ Перейти обратно: 31,0 31,1 Invitations to the G20 Seoul Summit Issued to Non-G20 Member Countries and International Organisations
  32. ↑ Перейти обратно: 32,0 32,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  33. ↑ Перейти обратно: 33,0 33,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  34. ↑ Chang, Rachel. "PM heads to Seoul for G-20," Шаблон:Webarchive Straits Times (Singapore). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010.
  35. ↑ Перейти обратно: 35,0 35,1 Đặng Khanh. "G20 to Promote Cooperation (Đẩy mạnh hợp tác G20)," Шаблон:Webarchive VOV News (Vietnam). November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  36. ↑ 2010 Chair of ASEAN
  37. ↑ Jiyun Jang. "Malawi President Arrives in Seoul For G20 Summit," Шаблон:Webarchive Arirang News (ROK). November 9, 2010; retrieved Nov 9, 2010
  38. ↑ Перейти обратно: 38,0 38,1 "G-20's Poverty Reduction Agenda" (박희태 "인류 빈곤해소가 서울 G20회의 핵심 의제), Шаблон:Webarchive Asia Economy Daily (ROK). November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  39. ↑ Cho Jin-seo. "G20 to Beef Up Vigilance on Banks," Шаблон:Webarchive Korea Times (ROK). November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  40. ↑ Lee Chi-dong "G-20 leaders start Seoul session," Шаблон:Webarchive Yonhap News Agency. November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  41. ↑ Kim Tae-gyu. "Ethiopian PM Asks for Brisker Korea-African Cooperation," Шаблон:Webarchive Korea Times. November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  42. ↑ Mu Xuequan. "Global Leaders Arriving in Seoul for G20 Summit," Шаблон:Webarchive Xinhua (China). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  43. ↑ Wang Guanqun. "UN chief stresses necessity of cooperation between UN, G20," Шаблон:Webarchive Xinhua (China). November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010
  44. ↑ Beattie, Alan. "Deep Fractures Damage Hopes of G20 Breakthrough," Шаблон:Webarchive Financial Times. November 10, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  45. ↑ Mallard, William. "WTO's Lamy: US, Korea 'Will Get There' On Free-Trade,"Шаблон:Dead link Wall Street Journal. November 11, 2010; retrieved Nov 11, 2010.
  46. ↑ "South Korea stages anti-terror drill," Шаблон:Webarchive BBC News (UK). August 18, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010
  47. ↑ Kirk, Donald. "Seoul wary of success backlash," Asia Times (Hong Kong). July 7, 2010; retrieved Nov 10, 2010
  48. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  49. ↑ Перейти обратно: 49,0 49,1 Шаблон:Cite news
  50. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  51. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  52. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  53. ↑ Шаблон:Cite newsШаблон:Dead link
  54. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  55. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  56. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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