Английская Википедия:2011 North American heat wave

Содержание

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

Текст

The 2011 North American heat wave was a deadly summer 2011 heat wave that affected the Southern Plains, the Midwestern United States, Eastern Canada, the Northeastern United States, and much of the Eastern Seaboard, and had Heat index/Humidex readings reaching upwards of Шаблон:Convert. On a national basis, the heat wave was the hottest in 75 years.

July 2011

Before the start of the heat wave, two derecho events took place; one on July 11 over most of the central Plains, the lower Great Lakes and the Appalachian region; the other on July 17 over eastern Ontario, southern Quebec and northern New England. Such forcing events often occur on the northern periphery of vast areas of continental heat domes that move northward during the summer months. On July 19, 2011, the highest dew point in Minnesota occurred at Шаблон:Convert. On July 21, 2011, hot weather over the past week culminated into record-breaking temperatures across the province of Ontario, also in Michigan, Ohio, upstate New York and Quebec, shattering long held records. Toronto reached Шаблон:Convert with a perceived humidex reading of Шаблон:Convert

The intense heat moved eastwards and peaked along the Interstate 95 corridor on July 22, 2011, with Central Park in New York City breaking the record for the day at Шаблон:Convert or more in the interior of city which was the hottest temperature the city had experienced in over three decades. Newark, New Jersey also reached an all-time record high of Шаблон:Convert, as did Washington Dulles International Airport in Virginia at Шаблон:Convert, while Bridgeport, Connecticut tied their record at Шаблон:Convert. Philadelphia surpassed its daily record when it reached Шаблон:Convert, and Boston tied for the second highest temperature on record at Шаблон:Convert, making it the hottest day in 85 years. The heat was blamed for at least 22 deaths across the Midwest and the Northeast. Daily high temperatures warmer than normal began on the southern plains during May 2011, accompanied by one of the most severe droughts ever recorded.

August 2011

In Oklahoma, by August 3, several locations in the southwestern portion of the state had recorded 43 consecutive days exceeding Шаблон:Convert. Air temperatures exclusive of heat index exceeded Шаблон:Convert for much of the state on August 2 and 3, reaching Шаблон:Convert in Poteau and Wilburton on August 3. On the same day, Little Rock, Arkansas plateaued at Шаблон:Convert in the shade.

As of August 10, Dallas/Fort Worth had recorded 40 consecutive days with high temperatures exceeding Шаблон:Convert, the second-longest streak on record (the record of 42 days was set during the 1980 United States heat wave). In addition, the area set a new all-time hottest minimum temperature of Шаблон:Convert on July 26 and tied it thrice in August. However, by September 13, Dallas had endured 71 non-consecutive days with temperatures exceeding Шаблон:Convert, beating the record of 69 days set in 1980.

On August 24, a 5-hour long severe thunderstorm hit Southern Ontario that evening which also spawned a pair of weak tornadoes, nothing particularly unusual for August, but it set records for lightning frequency, thought to be fueled by abnormally high Lake Ontario water surface temperatures due to the heat wave.Шаблон:Cn

Record heat

The National Climatic Data Center in Asheville, North Carolina reported that the United States had the hottest summer on record in 2011. Since 1901, only the Dust Bowl era summer of 1936 was hotter. Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico and Louisiana all reported their hottest summer on record. Delaware had a record warm July in 2011. Based on an index of residential energy demand, 2011 was the hottest summer on record. However, the states of Oregon and Washington recorded cooler than average summers, while California recorded its wettest.

Water levels

The continuing heat and drought resulted in several lakes dropping to record lows, particularly in Texas and Oklahoma. This resulted in re-exposing old towns and other historical sites that were submerged by dam construction. The original site of Bluffton, Texas was re-exposed, revealing a town site that had been submerged under Lake Buchanan since a dam was completed in 1939. The town of Woodville, Oklahoma was also re-exposed as Lake Texoma dropped.

Arkansas

Little Rock, Arkansas

Little Rock, Arkansas was the 2nd hottest city during the heat wave (Dallas, Texas was number 1). Temperature readings were as high as 113 °F on August 3, 2011.

Colorado

Colorado Springs, Colorado

In Colorado Springs, temperatures reached Шаблон:Convert (near record highs) as early as June. Daytime highs in June, July, and August were about 6°F above average. Temperatures were elevated during the heat wave, but remained cooler than temperatures in the Great Plains to the east. Шаблон:Weather box

Pueblo, Colorado

Pueblo, Colorado experienced temperatures up to Шаблон:Convert as early as June. On August 5, 2011, Pueblo recorded a temperature of Шаблон:Convert, breaking the record of Шаблон:Convert set back in 1954.

Denver, Colorado

Denver, Colorado saw temperatures as high as Шаблон:Convert as early as June 19, 2011. Denver International Airport recorded a high of Шаблон:Convert on June 29, 2011. This broke the record of Шаблон:Convert set back in 1978. The high of Шаблон:Convert was set on July 28, 2011. This temperature broke the previous record of Шаблон:Convert set back in 1991.

Wyoming

Cheyenne, Wyoming

Cheyenne, Wyoming also recorded above average temperatures during the heat wave. On August 5, 2011, Cheyenne was Шаблон:Convert compared to the Шаблон:Convert average.

Kansas

Wichita, Kansas

Fully subjected to the heat wave, Wichita had an unusually hot summer in 2011. Wichita reached a temperature of Шаблон:Convert twice over the course of the heat wave, once in July, and once in August. Daytime highs in the months of June, July, and August averaged almost 9 °F over prior observed normals. The year was also substantially drier than average.

Oklahoma

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Oklahoma City, Oklahoma experienced extremely hot temperatures in the summer of 2011, and below normal rainfall. While winter, spring, and fall temperatures were close to normals, Central Oklahoma started to experience abnormally high temperatures after a very wet month of May. High temperatures in the months of June, July, and August were 9 °F above normals, and overnight lows were also significantly above norm. The heat was so extreme, that OGE, the area's main electricity provider, refused to cut off electric service in the month of August, as it felt that this might result in deaths among the elderly, many of whom used electric power to air-condition their homes. The following data is for the weather station at Will Rogers World Airport, located southwest of the city, which during the summer, experienced a peak temperature of Шаблон:Convert. Due to the urban heat island effect, most of the urban area of Oklahoma City was even hotter than the temperatures recorded at the airport. One weather station, located in an urban part of the city, recorded an air temperature of Шаблон:Convert on August 3. The heat wave finally ended on September 15, 2011, when a cold front moved through Central Oklahoma. Шаблон:Weather box

Lawton, Oklahoma

Lawton, Oklahoma experienced even hotter weather than Oklahoma City reported. In Lawton, daytime high temperatures during the months of June, July, and August averaged 11 °F above the previously observed normals, and nighttime lows averaged 8 °F above normal. In at least one weather station in Lawton, less than half the normal rainfall was recorded over the course of the year, and almost none was recorded during the summer. Шаблон:Weather box Шаблон:Weather box

Tulsa, Oklahoma

Tulsa, Oklahoma was also affected by the heat wave with temperatures maxing out Шаблон:Convert on August 5, 2011. High temperatures of Шаблон:Convert were recorded in Tulsa the following day. On August 8, 2011, high temperatures reached Шаблон:Convert, almost breaking the record high temperature of Шаблон:Convert set back in 1935. Up until October, temperatures in the city remained in the high 80s to the low 100s.

Texas

Dallas, Texas

Dallas, Texas was affected by the heat wave. In Dallas, temperatures in the months of June, July, and August averaged 8 °F above normals. Dallas also received a below normal amount of precipitation during the year, and no measurable rainfall in July. Шаблон:Weather box Шаблон:Weather box

Amarillo, Texas

The Amarillo, Texas area, along with the rest of Texas and the Southern Plains, experienced the worst of the heat wave. Summertime temperatures soared at high as Шаблон:Convert in June, and the overall precipitation was only a third of the average. For the months of June, July, and August, average highs were 10 °F above normal, and overnight low temperatures were 6 °F above normal. Шаблон:Weather box Шаблон:Weather box

See also

• 2010–2013 Southern United States and Mexico drought