Английская Википедия:2011 Singaporean general election

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General elections were held in Singapore on 7 May 2011. President S. R. Nathan dissolved parliament on 19 April 2011 on the advice of Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. Voting is mandatory in Singapore and is based on the first-past-the-post system. Elections are conducted by the Elections Department, which is under the jurisdiction of the Prime Minister's Office. Nomination day was held on 27 April 2011, and for the second election in a row, the PAP did not return to government on nomination day, but it did return to government on polling day. This election also marked the first and the only three-cornered fight since 2001 in Punggol East SMC before it increased to four-cornered fight on a by-election held two years later.

The elections were described as a "watershed" by various parties. The ruling PAP reminded voters that the election will determine "Singapore's next generation of leaders". The Workers' Party called it a "watershed election" both for Singapore and the opposition, as it marked the first time in two decades that the only two incumbent opposition MPs moved out of their respective strongholds and contested in Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs), risking a situation where there would be "no elected opposition MPs". This was despite the elections having the highest proportion of contested seats since independence, with 82 of 87 seats contested. 2011 was the year that saw the highest proportion of seats contested since post-independence; with the second being in 1972 when 57 of 65 seats were contested, It marked the first electoral contests in Bishan–Toa Payoh (since 1991) and Holland–Bukit Timah, and also marked Tanjong Pagar as the only constituency to remain uncontested since its formation in 1991. This was the last general election to date where there were walkovers in at least one constituency as subsequent elections would saw all constituencies being contested for the first time in post-independence since 1963.

The final results saw a 6 percentage point swing against the PAP from the 2006 elections to 60%, its lowest since independence. While the PAP met most expectations to sweep into power and claim over two-thirds of parliamentary seats, winning 81 out of 87 seats, it lost the Aljunied Group Representation Constituency to the Workers' Party of Singapore—the first time a GRC was won by an opposition party. Alongside its victory in the Hougang Single Member Constituency, the Workers' Party ended up with six seats in Parliament, the best opposition parliamentary result since independence. Their team, which also consisted of Faisal Manap and Sylvia Lim, respectively become the first Malay and the first female former Non-Constituency Member of Parliament to be elected into parliament in post-independence Singapore.

As six Members of Parliament from the opposition were elected, only three Non-Constituency Member of Parliament seats were offered, one to Lina Chiam from the Singapore People's Party and the other 2 seats to Yee Jenn Jong and Gerald Giam from the Worker's Party. These offers were all accepted, resulting in a total of nine opposition MPs after the election.

This election marked several firsts: the total electorate exceeded 2 million, and with 94% of the seats contested, this was the "most active" election in Singapore's history between 1968 and 2011. As the presidential election occurred three months after the election, 2011 also marked its first year in Singapore since the amendment of the constitution of elected presidency in 1991 where both national elections were held in the same calendar year.

Background

The 2011 general elections were the sixteenth general elections in Singapore and eleventh since independence. The governing People's Action Party (PAP) sought to secure their 13th consecutive term in office since 1959. This was the second election since Lee Hsien Loong became its Secretary-General.

Parliamentary reform

On 11 March 2010 the Government tabled three bills in the parliament to amend the Constitution, the Presidential Elections Act and the Parliamentary Elections Act. These amendments reduced the number of Group representation constituencies (GRC), increased the number of Non-Constituency Members of Parliament (NCMPs) to a maximum of nine (inclusive of the number of elected opposition members of Parliament), and the number of Nominated Members of Parliament (NMPs) permanent also to nine. A one-day "cooling-off" day was implemented, during which campaigning was forbidden, with only party political broadcasts allowed. Internet campaigning was also formally legalised as a legitimate means of political campaigning. On 26 April 2010, the amendments to the Constitution were passed by a vote of 74–1 after a three-hour debate on the bill.

Political parties

Шаблон:Main The governing People's Action Party (PAP) has been in power since Singapore's independence in 1965, and is currently led by the Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong. Besides the ruling PAP, the other major political parties that may contest the upcoming elections are the Workers' Party of Singapore (WP) led by Low Thia Khiang, the Singapore People's Party led by Chiam See Tong which left the Singapore Democratic Alliance (SDA) in 2011, the Singapore Democratic Party (SDP) led by Chee Soon Juan,Шаблон:Efn the National Solidarity Party (NSP) led by Goh Meng Seng which left the SDA in 2007, the Reform Party (Singapore) led by Kenneth Jeyaretnam, and the Singapore Democratic Alliance (SDA) led by Desmond Lim, which is composed of the Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Singapura (Singapore Malay National Organization) (PKMS) and the Singapore Justice Party (SJP). The Reform Party is the newest party and was created on 18 June 2008 and was then led by former Member of Parliament J.B. Jeyaretnam. He could have stood for election after he was discharged from bankruptcy and reinstated to the bar, however, Jeyaretnam died of heart failure on 30 September 2008 at the age of 82. His eldest son, Kenneth Jeyaretnam has since taken up leadership of the party and is now its secretary-general.

Electoral divisions

Шаблон:Main The Electoral Boundaries Review Committee normally publishes an updated list of electoral divisions just before elections are called. Prior to the latest amendments, there were fourteen GRCs, each with five or six seats, and nine Single Member Constituencies (SMC). There were a total of 84 seats being contested in the general election of 2006.

The new electoral map for 2011 was announced on 24 February 2011.

Файл:Electoral boundaries during the Singapore general elections 2011.svg

Singapore electoral boundaries, released in February 2011

		2006	2011
Seats		84	87
Electoral divisions		23	27
Group Representation constituencies	Total GRCs	14	15
	Four-Member GRCs	0	2
	Five-Member GRCs	9	11
	Six-Member GRCs	5	2
	Single member constituencies	9	12
Voters		2,158,704	2,347,198
Voters (overseas votes inclusive)		2,159,721	2,350,873

The changes made in the electoral divisions are as follows:

Constituency	Changes
Aljunied GRC	Absorbed portions of Kaki Bukit division from Marine Parade GRC, and a minor portion of Hougang SMC Carved out portions of Aljunied–Hougang division to Ang Mo Kio GRC, and a minor portion of Aljunied–Hougang and Bedok Reservoir-Punggol divisions to Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC
Ang Mo Kio GRC	Absorbed Aljunied–Hougang division (renamed to Ang Mo Kio-Hougang) from Aljunied GRC and Yio Chu Kang SMC Carved out Nee Soon South division into Nee Soon GRC, and Sengkang West division into SMC
Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC	No Change in Boundaries
Chua Chu Kang GRC	New Constituency Formed from a majority of Hong Kah GRC (except for Hong Kah North division, which carved into SMC), and Chua Chu Kang SMC
East Coast GRC	Carved a portion of Kampong-Chai Chee to Marine Parade GRC
Holland–Bukit Timah GRC	Ward downsized to four members Carved out Buona Vista division into Tanjong Pagar GRC, a minor portion of Bukit Timah to West Coast GRC, and portions of Toh Guan to Jurong GRC
Jurong GRC	Carved out Yuhua division into SMC Portions of Jurong Central and Taman Jurong divisions, West Coast GRC and Hong Kah GRC were formed into Jurong Spring division
Marine Parade GRC	Ward downsized to five members Absorbed MacPherson SMC and a minor portion of Joo Chiat SMC Portions of Kaki Bukit and the entire Kampong Ubi-Kembangan divisions, and Kampong Chai Chee division from East Coast GRC were formed into Kembangan-Chai Chee division Carved out a portion of Kaki Bukit division to Aljunied GRC, and Mountbatten division into SMC
Moulmein–Kallang GRC	New Constituency Formed from Jalan Besar GRC (except for Kreta Ayer–Kim Seng division (excluding northern Hong Lim portions) which was absorbed into Tanjong Pagar GRC, and Whampoa division as a SMC), and Moulmein division from Tanjong Pagar GRC
Nee Soon GRC	New Constituency Formed from Nee Soon Central SMC, Nee Soon East SMC, Nee Soon South divisions from Ang Mo Kio GRC (excluding the Lentor area south of Seletar Expressway), and Canberra and Chong Pang divisions from Sembawang GRC
Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC	Carved out Punggol East division into SMC, and a minor portion of Punggol South division to Ang Mo Kio GRC Portions of Punggol Central and North divisions were formed into Punggol West division
Sembawang GRC	Ward downsized to five members Carved out Canberra and Chong Pang to Nee Soon GRC Portions of Sembawang and Woodlands were formed into Woodgrove division.
Tampines GRC	No Change in Boundaries
Tanjong Pagar GRC	Ward downsized to five members Absorbed Buona Vista and Kreta Ayer–Kim Seng divisions from Holland–Bukit Timah GRC and Jalan Besar GRC, respectively Carved out Moulmein division into Moulmein–Kallang GRC, and Radin Mas division into SMC Merged Tanjong Pagar and Tiong Bahru divisions to form Tanjong Pagar-Tiong Bahru division
West Coast GRC	Carved out portions of Pioneer division into SMC, while Jurong Industrial, Jurong Island, Gul Circle, Tuas and Joo Koon were transferred to Ayer Rajah division Ayer Rajah-West Coast division were split into Ayer Rajah and West Coast divisions.

Nomination

Timeline

Date	Event
24 February	Publication of Electoral Boundaries report
3 March	Certification of Registers of Electors
19 April	Dissolution of 11th Parliament; Writ of Election issued
22 April	Deadline of Submission of Political Donation Certificates
27 April	Nomination Day/First Live Political Party Broadcast
27 April-5 May	Campaigning Period
6 May	Cooling-off Day/Second Live Political Party Broadcast
7 May	Polling Day
11 May	Overseas Votes Counting
16 May	Candidates revealed for Non-Constituency Member of Parliament
21 May	12th Parliament assembled
10 October	Opening of 12th Parliament

New candidates

Шаблон:Main A total of 78 candidates were brand-new to this election. Notable candidates out of the 24 introduced from the People's Action Party that were part of the "fourth-generation" (4G) cabinet which include a future Deputy Prime Minister of Singapore Heng Swee Keat and Lawrence Wong, an ex-SAF Chief and minister Chan Chun Sing, Tan Chuan-Jin, as well as Desmond Lee and Ong Ye Kung, the sons of former MPs Lee Yock Suan and Ong Lian Ten respectively.

There were 54 debuting candidates from six opposition party, which include Pritam Singh who made another inroad into Parliament and went on to become the Workers' Party succeeding leader in 2018, as well as Lina Loh (wife of then-Potong Pasir SMC MP Chiam See Tong), Kenneth Andrew Jeyaretnam (son of the late J. B. Jeyaretnam), Nicole Seah, Tan Jee Say, Hazel Poa (who also joined by her spouse Tony Tan Lay Thiam) and Benjamin Pwee Yek Guan.

Retiring politicians

Шаблон:Main 20 existing PAP members from the 11th Parliament will not see re-election, among which 18 announced their retirement, ten of which being office holders, and two members, Balaji Sadasivan (Ang Mo Kio GRC) and Ong Chit Chung (Jurong GRC), died during their term in office but neither by-elections were called since their wards were part of a Group Representation Constituency; the latter however would later become a Bukit Batok Single Member Constituency on the next election in 2015. Eric Low, another PAP candidate that first entered politics in the 2001 election but lost twice to WP, did not seek re-election, making him the second PAP candidate to participate but did not enter parliament (the first being Pang Kim Hin).

Staking claims

Soon after the announcement of the new electoral boundaries, various opposition parties indicated their intent to contest, subject to negotiations between political parties to avoid three-cornered fights. The parties declaring an interest to contest each constituency and their nomination status is reflected below.

Файл:Map of contested electoral divisions in the Singaporean general election 2011.svg

Nominations by various opposition parties as on nomination day on 27 April 2011. Banded shading indicates constituencies with three-party contests. There was no contest in Tanjong Pagar after the opposition team intending to submit a nomination were disqualified.

General election campaign

Televised forum

In the first pre-election forum of this nature in Singapore since the 1988 General Election, Channel NewsAsia invited the main parties to record an hour-long programme. The programme, in English entitled, “A political forum on Singapore's future” brought together the ruling People's Action Party (PAP) and four opposition parties to discuss long and short-term challenges for the country. The forum included:

• Singapore Democratic Party, represented by its Assistant Treasurer Dr Vincent Wijeysingha;
• Singapore People's Party, represented by 2nd Vice Chairwoman Lina Chiam;
• Workers' Party of Singapore, represented by Assistant Webmaster Gerald Giam;
• Singapore Democratic Alliance, represented by Assistant Secretary-General Mohamed Nazem Suki;
• People's Action Party, represented by:
  • Finance Minister and Jurong GRC MP Tharman Shanmugaratnam
  • Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC MP Josephine Teo

Social media

The Worker's Party utilised social media to circumvent obstacles placed in front of them by Singapore's government-controlled media.

Political rallies

The Singapore Police Force announced 41 political rally sites on 27 April which could be booked by political parties on a first-come-first-served basis. Rallies were allowed to be conducted from 28 April to 5 May, from 7am to 10pm. The 41st site is for lunch time rallies at Boat Quay near to the UOB Plaza. Шаблон:Col-start Шаблон:Col-3 National Solidarity Party

Date	Location	Constituency
28 April	Open field at Geylang East Central	Marine Parade GRC
29 April	Delta Hockey Pitch	Radin Mas SMC
30 April	Open field near Jalan Tenteram	Whampoa SMC
1 May	Jurong West Stadium	Pioneer SMC
2 May	Open field near Mountbatten Community Centre	Mountbatten SMC
3 May	Choa Chu Kang Stadium	Choa Chu Kang GRC
4 May	Tampines Stadium	Tampines GRC
5 May	Open field near Chinese Garden	Jurong GRC

People's Action Party

Date	Location	Constituency
28 April	Open field near Buangkok MRT station	Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC
29 April	Yio Chu Kang Stadium	Ang Mo Kio GRC
29 April	Open field near Kallang Avenue	Moulmein–Kallang GRC
29 April	Jurong West Stadium	Pioneer SMC
30 April	Serangoon Stadium	Aljunied GRC
30 April	Open field at Geylang East Central	Marine Parade GRC
30 April	Choa Chu Kang Stadium	Choa Chu Kang GRC
30 April	Open field near Hougang MRT station	Hougang SMC
1 May	Bedok Stadium	East Coast GRC
2 May	Open field near Segar Road	Bukit Panjang SMC
2 May	Jurong East Stadium	Yuhua SMC
2 May	Open field near Jurong West Avenue 3	Hong Kah North SMC
3 May	Boat Quay next to UOB Plaza (lunch time)	Ang Mo Kio GRC
3 May	Woodlands Stadium	Sembawang GRC
4 May	Open field near Mountbatten Community Centre	Mountbatten SMC
4 May	Open field in Sengkang East	Punggol East SMC
4 May	Yishun Stadium	Nee Soon GRC
4 May	Open field near Clementi Avenue 4	Holland–Bukit Timah GRC
4 May	Delta Hockey Pitch	Radin Mas SMC
5 May	Open field near Ubi Road 3	Aljunied GRC
5 May	Toa Payoh Stadium	Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC
5 May	Tampines Stadium	Tampines GRC
5 May	Open field near Potong Pasir Avenue 1	Potong Pasir SMC
5 May	Open field near Jalan Tenteram	Whampoa SMC
5 May	Open field near Segar Road	Bukit Panjang SMC
5 May	Bedok Stadium	East Coast GRC
5 May	Open field near Pasir Ris Park	Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC

Шаблон:Col-3 Reform Party

Date	Location	Constituency
28 April	Clementi Stadium	West Coast GRC
30 April	Clementi Stadium	West Coast GRC
1 May	Yio Chu Kang Stadium	Ang Mo Kio GRC
2 May	Open field near West Coast Park	West Coast GRC
4 May	Clementi Stadium	West Coast GRC
5 May	Clementi Stadium	West Coast GRC
5 May	Yio Chu Kang Stadium (subsequently cancelled)	Ang Mo Kio GRC

Singapore Democratic Alliance

Date	Location	Constituency
29 April	Open field in Sengkang East	Punggol East SMC
1 May	Open field near Pasir Ris Park	Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC
4 May	Open field near Buangkok MRT station	Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC

Singapore Democratic Party

Date	Location	Constituency
28 April	Open field near Commonwealth Avenue	Holland–Bukit Timah GRC
29 April	Jurong East Stadium	Yuhua SMC
30 April	Woodlands Stadium	Sembawang GRC
1 May	Open field near Clementi Avenue 4	Holland–Bukit Timah GRC
2 May	Open field near Commonwealth Avenue	Holland–Bukit Timah GRC
3 May	Open field near Segar Road	Bukit Panjang SMC
4 May	Woodlands Stadium	Sembawang GRC
5 May	Boat Quay next to UOB Plaza (lunch time)	Holland–Bukit Timah GRC
5 May	Woodlands Stadium	Sembawang GRC

Singapore People's Party

Date	Location	Constituency
29 April	Open field near Jurong West Avenue 3	Hong Kah North SMC
30 April	Open field near Potong Pasir Avenue 1	Potong Pasir SMC
2 May	Bishan Stadium	Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC
4 May	Open field near Potong Pasir Avenue 1	Potong Pasir SMC
5 May	Bishan Stadium	Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC

Workers’ Party

Date	Location	Constituency
28 April	Open field near Hougang MRT station	Hougang SMC
29 April	Serangoon Stadium	Aljunied GRC
30 April	Bedok Stadium	East Coast GRC
1 May	Yishun Stadium	Nee Soon GRC
2 May	Open field near Kallang Avenue	Moulmein–Kallang GRC
3 May	Open field in Sengkang East	Punggol East SMC
4 May	Open field near Ubi Road 3	Aljunied GRC
5 May	Serangoon Stadium	Aljunied GRC

Файл:Singapore GE2011 NSP Rally 01.jpg

The National Solidarity Party's rally on 4 May at the Tampines Stadium

Файл:Singapore GE2011 SDP Rally 01.jpg

Merchandise sold during the political rally by the Singapore Democratic Party in Bukit Panjang on 3 May

Controversies

Online video

During the 2011 elections campaigning, Vivian Balakrishnan said the SDP was "suppressing a certain YouTube video, which raises some very awkward questions about the agenda and motivations of the SDP and its candidates". He issued the following statement:

I am not sure what [the SDP] strategy is...I can't help feeling that part of the reason for their reticence is they have elements of their agenda they are not prepared to disclose and subject to scrutiny. Eventually, they will have to come out of the closet. (The Straits Times, 20 April 2011)

Vincent Wijeysingha rejected his comments stating, "We've been a very open party and we're very clear."

This incident was cited in an article published in The Economist criticising the ruling party's election strategy The New Paper released a story next day, with the headline: Is Singapore ready for a GAY MP?" Kenneth Jeyaretnam of the Reform Party called Balakrishnan's campaign a "low attack."

Balakrishnan received widespread controversy and criticism online for his remark,. On 28 April, he told the press: "there is "no need" to further discuss [the] video". He said that his question was a "legitimate".

Cooling-off day controversies

Nicole Seah, a team member contesting Marine Parade GRC under the NSP team, filed a complaint to the Elections Department on 6 May stating PAP-team member Tin Pei Ling had violated the state-mandated cooling-off period 24 hours before polls by posting a Facebook comment "in response to a video [in the state press] that showed Seah crying after being told about a Macpherson female resident who could not get a refund of her son's $80 tuition fees".

The NSP team was advised by the Elections Department to lodge a police report before the Elections Department could investigate.

The day after the election, Seah told reporters that her party had not received any response after making the complaint, and said no decision had been taken on whether or not to pursue the issue. She added that the NSP knew "it is an uphill battle to get any results out of this. I would rather devote my time and resources to the residents".

A similar complaint was lodged against Seah alleging that material had been published on her Facebook page during Cooling-Off Day. On 10 August, the Singapore Police Force announced that it had concluded its investigations into the two incidents, and that aside from a "stern warning" to Tin's friend, neither action was taken against either Tin or Seah.

Separately, the NSP also complained that the PAP had been distributing election material to residents in Tampines GRC in violation of cooling-off regulations.

Results

After polls closed at 8pm, vote counting began. Results were announced by Yam Ah Mee, chief executive director of the People's Association, who acted as the Returning Officer for the election. The first result was declared at 11.58pm on 7 May 2011, where PAP candidate Lim Biow Chuan won the Mountbatten Single Member Constituency with a majority of 3,529.

At 1.31 am on 8 May 2011, the PAP team for Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency was declared to have won the division, putting the PAP's seat tally at 44 seats, and thus formed the government. The final result to be declared was for the Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency at 2.51am on 8 May, where the PAP gained the seat from the SPP on a razor-thin margin of 114 votes.

The political status quo was kept as the People's Action Party won a 13th consecutive term in office since 1959. However, the PAP saw its vote majorities reduced island-wide for a second election in a row. The PAP won 81 seats out of 87 despite losing Aljunied Group Representation Constituency to the WP, which also won in Hougang Single Member Constituency. None of the other five opposition parties won contests, including the SPP which lost Potong Pasir that it held prior to the election. WP marked the first opposition GRC victory since GRCs were introduced in 1988, which resulted in the electoral defeat of Foreign Minister George Yeo and a second Cabinet minister Lim Hwee Hua; both ministers were the first two highest-ranking PAP cabinet ministers to be unseated in the election in post-independence Singapore, with the last time being 1963 (minister Kenneth Michael Byrne lost his seat of Crawford) The PAP also set its lowest national vote share since independence (beating 1991's share of 61.0%), which was just little over 60 per cent, a vote swing of almost negative 7 per cent from 2006.

Excluding electorates from Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency, voter turnout for the election was 93.18%, with 2,060,373 votes cast.

By constituency

Results of 2011 Singapore general election
Division	Seats	Voters	Party	Candidate(s)	Votes	Votes %	Swing	Margins
Aljunied GRC	5	143,148	Шаблон:SG/WP	Low Thia Khiang Sylvia Lim Chen Show Mao Pritam Singh Muhamad Faisal bin Abdul Manap	72,289	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase10.81	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/PAP	George Yeo Lim Hwee Hua Zainul Abidin bin Mohamed Rasheed Cynthia Phua Ong Ye Kung	59,829	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease10.81
Ang Mo Kio GRC	6	179,071	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Lee Hsien Loong Yeo Guat Kwang Inderjit Singh Seng Han Thong Ang Hin Kee Intan Azura Mokhtar	112,677	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase3.19	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/RP	Alex Tan Arthero Lim Vignes Ramachandran Lim Zi Rui Mansor Rahman Osman Sulaiman	49,851	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease3.19
Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC	5	122,492	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Wong Kan Seng Ng Eng Hen Josephine Teo Hri Kumar Zainudin Nordin	62,385	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/SPP	Chiam See Tong Benjamin Pwee Wilfred Leung Jimmy Lee Mohamad Hamim Aliyas	47,205	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Chua Chu Kang GRC	5	158,648	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Gan Kim Yong Alvin Yeo Zaqy Mohamad Alex Yam Low Yen Ling	89,710	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase0.83	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/NSP	Sebastian Teo Tony Tan Hazel Poa Nor Lella Mardiiiah Mohamed Jeisilan Sivalingam	56,885	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
East Coast GRC	5	120,324	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Lim Swee Say Maliki Osman Lee Yi Shyan Jessica Tan Raymond Lim	59,992	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease9.03	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/WP	Eric Tan Png Eng Huat Glenda Han Gerald Giam Mohamed Fazli Bin Talip	49,429	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase9.03
Holland–Bukit Timah GRC	4	91,607	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Vivian Balakrishnan Christopher de Souza Liang Eng Hwa Sim Ann	48,773	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/SDP	Tan Jee Say Ang Yong Guan Vincent Wijeysingha Michelle Lee	32,406	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Jurong GRC	5	125,276	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Tharman Shanmugaratnam Halimah Bte Yacob Ang Wei Neng Desmond Lee David Ong	76,595	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/NSP	Christopher Neo Abdul Rasheed Elvin Ong Ong Hock Siong Noraini Yunus	37,786	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Marine Parade GRC	5	154,451	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Goh Chok Tong Tan Chuan Jin Fatimah Lateef Seah Kian Peng Tin Pei Ling	78,286	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/NSP	Cheo Chai Chen Ivan Yeo Abdul Salim Harun Spencer Ng Nicole Seah	59,926	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Moulmein–Kallang GRC	4	87,595	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Lui Tuck Yew Yaacob Ibrahim Denise Phua Edwin Tong	44,886	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/WP	Mohd Rahizan Toh Hong Boon L Somasundram Frieda Chan	31,773	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Nee Soon GRC	5	148,290	Шаблон:SG/PAP	K. Shanmugam Muhammad Faishal Ibrahim Lee Bee Wah Lim Wee Kiak Patrick Tay	80,740	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/WP	John Yam Angela Faye Oon Sajeev K. R. Kamalasanan Watson Chong Poh Lee Guan	57,523	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC	6	168,971	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Teo Chee Hean Teo Ser Luck Penny Low Janil Puthucheary Gan Thiam Poh Zainal Bin Sapari	100,493	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease3.91	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/SDA	Harminder Pal Singh Sidney Soon Jeffrey Lim Lee Song Juan Tan Keng Hong Mohammad Shafni Ahmad	54,601	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase3.91
Sembawang GRC	5	142,459	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Khaw Boon Wan Ellen Lee Hawazi Daipi Ong Teng Koon Vikram Nair	84,252	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease12.8	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/SDP	James Gomez John Tan Jarrod Luo Mohd Isa Abdul Aziz Sadasivam Veriyah	47,605	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase12.8
Tampines GRC	5	137,532	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Mah Bow Tan Ng Phek Hoong Irene Masagos Zulkifli Bin Masagos Mohamad Baey Yam Keng Heng Swee Keat	72,728	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease11.29	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/NSP	Goh Meng Seng Reno Fong Syafarin Sarif Raymond Lim Gilbert Goh	54,381	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Tanjong Pagar GRC	5	139,771	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Lee Kuan Yew Lily Neo Indranee Thurai Rajah Chan Chun Sing Chia Shi-Lu	Uncontested Walkover
West Coast GRC	5	121,045	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Lim Hng Kiang Fong Jen Arthur S Iswaran Foo Mee Har Lawrence Wong	72,563	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/RP	Kenneth Jeyaretnam Frankie Low Andy Zhu Kumar Appavoo Haren Hu	36,443	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Bukit Panjang SMC	1	33,053	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Teo Ho Pin	20,375	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease10.91	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/SDP	Alec Tok	10,372	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase10.91
Hong Kah North SMC	1	27,701	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Amy Khor	18,156	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/SPP	Sin Kek Tong	7,556	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Hougang SMC	1	24,560	Шаблон:SG/WP	Yaw Shin Leong	14,850	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase2.06	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/PAP	Desmond Choo	8065	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease2.06
Joo Chiat SMC	1	22,069	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Charles Chong	9,666	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease13.99	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/WP	Yee Jenn Jong	9,278	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase13.99
Mountbatten SMC	1	23,731	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Lim Biow Chuan	11,985	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/NSP	Jeannette Chong-Aruldoss	8,461	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Pioneer SMC	1	25,745	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Cedric Foo	14,593	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/NSP	Steve Chia	9,437	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Potong Pasir SMC	1	17,327	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Sitoh Yih Pin	7,992	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Increase6.18	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/SPP	Lina Chiam	7,878	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Decrease6.18
Punggol East SMC	1	33,281	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Michael Palmer	16,994	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/WP	Lee Li Lian	12,777	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
			Шаблон:SG/SDA (Loses S$16,000 deposit)	Desmond Lim	1,387	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Radin Mas SMC	1	31,014	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Sam Tan	18,609	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/NSP	Yip Yew Weng	9,123	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Sengkang West SMC	1	26,882	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Lam Pin Min	14,689	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/WP	Koh Choong Yong	10,591	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Whampoa SMC	1	21,622	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Heng Chee How	13,028	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/NSP	Ken Sun	6,680	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A
Yuhua SMC	1	23,195	Шаблон:SG/PAP	Grace Fu	14,093	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A	Шаблон:Font color
			Шаблон:SG/SDP	Teo Soh Lung	6,986	Шаблон:Composition bar	N/A

Analysis

Top 10 best PAP performers

• Constituencies with no comparison to 2006 were either due to them being new constituencies or the constituencies experiencing walkovers in the last election.

#	Constituency	Шаблон:SG/PAP/logo PAP			Opposition
		Votes	%	Swing		Votes	%	Swing
1	Hong Kah North SMC	18,156	70.61	Шаблон:N/a	Шаблон:SPP/logo	7,556	29.39	Шаблон:N/a
2	Ang Mo Kio GRC	112,677	69.33	Шаблон:Increase 3.19	Шаблон:SG RP/logo	49,851	30.67	Шаблон:Decrease 3.19
3	Radin Mas SMC	18,609	67.10	Шаблон:N/a	Шаблон:SG/NSP/logo	9,123	32.90	Шаблон:N/a
4	Jurong GRC	76,595	66.96	Шаблон:N/a	Шаблон:SG/NSP/logo	37,786	33.04	Шаблон:N/a
5	Yuhua SMC	14,093	66.86	Шаблон:N/a	Шаблон:SDP/logo	6,986	33.14	Шаблон:N/a
6	West Coast GRC	72,563	66.57	Шаблон:N/a	Шаблон:SG RP/logo	36,443	33.43	Шаблон:N/a
7	Bukit Panjang SMC	20,375	66.27	Шаблон:Decrease 10.91	Шаблон:SDP/logo	10,372	33.73	Шаблон:Increase 10.91
8	Whampoa SMC	13,028	66.10	Шаблон:N/a	Шаблон:SG/NSP/logo	6,683	33.90	Шаблон:N/a
9	Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC	100,493	64.79	Шаблон:Decrease 3.91	Шаблон:SDA/logo	54,601	35.21	Шаблон:Increase 3.91
10	Sembawang GRC	84,252	63.9	Шаблон:Decrease 12.8	Шаблон:SDP/logo	47,605	36.1	Шаблон:Increase 12.8

Top 16 best opposition performers

• Constituencies with no comparison to 2006 were either due to them being new constituencies or the constituencies experiencing walkovers in the last election.
• Punggol East SMC is excluded from the table as there were two opposition parties which competed against the incumbent. If the WP's 12,765 votes (41.02%) and the SDA's 1,386 votes (4.45%) were summed up, the opposition won 14,151 votes (45.47%), which would place it fifth in the table below.

Constituency		Opposition				Шаблон:SG/PAP/logo PAP
		Votes		%	Swing	Votes	%	Swing
1	Hougang SMC	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	14,850	64.8	Шаблон:Increase 2.1	8,065	35.2	Шаблон:Decrease 2.1
2	Aljunied GRC	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	72,289	54.72	Шаблон:Increase 10.81	59,829	45.28	Шаблон:Decrease 10.81
3	Potong Pasir SMC	Шаблон:SPP/logo	7,878	49.64	Шаблон:Decrease 6.18	7,992	50.36	Шаблон:Increase 6.18
4	Joo Chiat SMC	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	9,278	48.98	Шаблон:Increase 13.99	9,666	51.02	Шаблон:Decrease 13.99
5	East Coast GRC	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	49,429	45.17	Шаблон:Increase 9.03	59,992	54.83	Шаблон:Decrease 9.03
6	Marine Parade GRC	Шаблон:SG/NSP/logo	59,926	43.36	Шаблон:N/a	78,286	56.64	Шаблон:N/a
7	Bishan–Toa Payoh GRC	Шаблон:SPP/logo	47,205	43.07	Шаблон:N/a	62,385	56.93	Шаблон:N/a
8	Tampines GRC	Шаблон:SG/NSP/logo	54,381	42.78	Шаблон:Increase 11.29	72,728	57.22	Шаблон:Decrease 11.29
9	Sengkang West SMC	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	10,591	41.89	Шаблон:N/a	14,689	58.11	Шаблон:N/a
10	Nee Soon GRC	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	57,523	41.60	Шаблон:N/a	80,740	58.40	Шаблон:N/a
11	Moulmein–Kallang GRC	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	31,773	41.45	Шаблон:N/a	44,886	58.55	Шаблон:N/a
12	Mountbatten SMC	Шаблон:SG/NSP/logo	8,461	41.38	Шаблон:N/a	11,985	58.62	Шаблон:N/a
13	Punggol East SMC	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	12,777	41.01	rowspan=2 Шаблон:N/a	16,994	54.54	rowspan=2 Шаблон:N/a
		Шаблон:SG/SDA/logo	1,387	4.45
14	Holland–Bukit Timah GRC	Шаблон:SG/SDP/logo	32,406	39.92	Шаблон:N/a	48,773	60.08	Шаблон:N/a
15	Pioneer SMC	Шаблон:SG/NSP/logo	9,437	39.27	Шаблон:N/a	14,593	60.73	Шаблон:N/a
16	Chua Chu Kang GRC	Шаблон:SG/NSP/logo	56,885	38.80	Шаблон:N/a	89,710	61.20	Шаблон:N/a

Vote Swings

• Only the following constituencies may be compared with 2006 results as they existed in both elections, although most had changes in their electoral boundaries.

Constituency		Шаблон:SG/PAP/logo PAP			Opposition
		Votes	%	Swing	Votes		%	Swing
1	Joo Chiat SMC	9,278	48.98	Шаблон:Increase 13.99	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	9,666	51.02	Шаблон:Decrease 13.99
2	Sembawang GRC	84,252	63.9	Шаблон:Decrease 12.8	Шаблон:SDP/logo	47,605	36.1	Шаблон:Increase 12.8
3	Tampines GRC	72,728	57.22	Шаблон:Decrease 11.29	Шаблон:SG/NSP/logo	54,381	42.78	Шаблон:Increase 11.29
4	Bukit Panjang SMC	20,375	66.27	Шаблон:Decrease 10.91	Шаблон:SDP/logo	10,372	33.73	Шаблон:Increase 10.91
5	Aljunied GRC	59,829	45.28	Шаблон:Decrease 10.81	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	72,289	54.72	Шаблон:Increase 10.81
6	East Coast GRC	59,992	54.83	Шаблон:Decrease 9.03	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	49,429	45.17	Шаблон:Increase 9.03
7	Potong Pasir SMC	7,992	50.36	Шаблон:Increase 6.18	Шаблон:SPP/logo	7,878	49.64	Шаблон:Decrease 6.18
8	Pasir Ris–Punggol GRC	100,493	64.79	Шаблон:Decrease 3.91	Шаблон:SDA/logo	54,601	35.21	Шаблон:Increase 3.91
9	Ang Mo Kio GRC	112,677	69.33	Шаблон:Increase 3.19	Шаблон:SG RP/logo	49,851	30.67	Шаблон:Decrease 3.19
10	Hougang SMC	8,065	35.2	Шаблон:Decrease 2.1	Шаблон:SG/WP/logo	14,850	64.8	Шаблон:Increase 2.1

Interpretive maps

Файл:Map of the PAP's vote share in the Singaporean general election 2011.svg

Vote share won by the ruling People's Action Party by constituency. There was no contest in Tanjong Pagar Group Representation Constituency as there was a walkover.

Post-election events

Ruling party's immediate reactions

The People's Action Party's secretary-general, Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, described the results as delivering his party a "clear mandate to form the next government". In his post-election press conference, Lee said the polls had "heightened (voters') political consciousness and awareness", and admitted that "many of them desire to see more opposition voices in Parliament to check the PAP government". He described the PAP's loss of Aljunied GRC, which resulted in George Yeo being voted out of Parliament and losing his position as foreign minister, as a "heavy loss to my Cabinet and my team of MPs", but said that the party would "accept and respect the voters' decision". The country's Senior Minister, Goh Chok Tong, also admitted that "there is a sea change in the political landscape" after his team won Marine Parade Group Representation Constituency with just 56.6 percent of the vote.

Opposition parties' immediate reactions

The Workers Party's secretary-general Low Thia Khiang said his team's win in Aljunied meant that voters had "accepted the WP as a rational, responsible and respected party". In his victory speech, Low declared his win as a "political landmark in modern Singapore". He added that it meant the electorate wanted to tell the PAP to be "a more responsive, inclusive, transparent and accountable government”.

In a statement on its website, the Singapore Democratic Party thanked its supporters for their support, saying that it was for them that the party "(continues) to labour on in this undemocratic system with all the odds stacked against us." Its assistant treasurer Vincent Wijeysingha, who stood in Holland–Bukit Timah Group Representation Constituency, said that the party's positive vote swing in its contested wards of almost 13 percent from the last elections was an "indicator that things are beginning to move up for our party." In a second statement on its website, the SDP described its results as "disappointing", but promised to "build on the foundation that we have laid" for the next elections. The party's secretary-general Chee Soon Juan, barred from standing in the election, went on to write an opinion piece for the Guardian, in which he said it "would have been a miracle" had the SDP won any seats, and accused the media in Singapore of suppressing news of the SDP's campaigning.

Other than the PAP and WP, the only other opposition seat pre-election had been held by the Singapore People's Party, which lost it in the polls by just 114 votes. Chiam See Tong, the SPP's secretary-general, said his party would fight to win back Potong Pasir Single Member Constituency, and said that despite being defeated in Bishan–Toa Payoh Group Representation Constituency, he would continue in politics, health permitting. He also questioned the margin of votes in Potong Pasir, contested by his wife, saying there was "funny business" happening. A petition calling for a by-election in the constituency was started by SPP supporters and Potong Pasir residents.

The National Solidarity Party, which contested the most seats of all opposition parties, admitted it may have taken on too much, with its leader Goh Meng Seng telling reporters that he would be "personally responsible" for the party's failure to win a single seat. Its star candidate, Nicole Seah, said Singaporeans now had to unite as a country. Seah, who contested in Marine Parade, also said there was "so much that needs to be done", and that she would continue her work in the area despite her team's defeat.

The leader of the newest opposition party contesting the elections, the Reform Party's Kenneth Jeyaretnam, described his party as having "learnt a lot" and said they had "done very well", as the first new party in over 20 years. He added that the party was "very happy" at its result in West Coast Group Representation Constituency, and that its second team had done "creditably" in Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency. Jeyaretnam also said the team being able to win the votes it did despite being a new party meant that its "core values resonate with the voters".

The worst-performing party at the polls was the Singapore Democratic Alliance, whose secretary-general Desmond Lim polled under 5 percent of votes in Punggol East Single Member Constituency—the only three-way contest of the election—and lost a S$16,000 election deposit. He said voters had voted based on brand name, as the other opposition candidate in the ward was from the WP. The SDA also contested Pasir Ris–Punggol Group Representation Constituency, and Lim said the party was "very happy" at its positive vote swing from 2006 of over 4 percent. However, the SDA's anchorman in the constituency Harminder Pal Singh described the loss as a "time for painful reflection" and said the party would work harder to win more votes.

Foreign reactions

At an ASEAN heads-of-state meeting in Jakarta, Indonesia, leaders of ASEAN nations reportedly told S. Jayakumar, Singapore's representative at the event, that they were "saddened, disappointed and surprised" at the news that foreign minister Yeo had been defeated, according to the state-run Straits Times, while at the same meeting the Prime Minister of Malaysia, Najib Tun Razak, said the PAP's win would mean a continuity in understanding between the Malaysian and Singaporean governments on bilateral issues. The BBC described it as a landmark result.

Non-Constituency Member of Parliament offers

Three Non-Constituency Members of Parliament (NCMP) seats were offered after the election to the top three losing opposition candidates. The Singapore People's Party accepted the seat for Lina Chiam, ensuring that the Chiam family retained representation in Parliament. While Chiam See Tong has said he is opposed to the scheme, the SPP reasoned that it was "critical" to ensure an "alternative voice in Parliament", to allow the party to "remain engaged in national issues", and to be publicly visible until the next election due by 2016. Mrs Chiam also pointed out that she was "influenced by the wishes of Potong Pasir residents" and she accepted the post as her losing margin was too small.

The Workers' Party was offered the final two NCMP seats for having the second and third best performing losing candidates, which it accepted despite Mr Low also disputing the scheme. Yee Jenn Jong was thus appointed for his performance in Joo Chiat SMC, but as it had to choose one member from the East Coast GRC team, the younger Gerald Giam was chosen over team leader and party treasurer Eric Tan as part of its leadership renewal process. Eric Tan resigned from the party, citing his disagreement with the appointment.

On 16 May 2011, the three proposed NCMPs were formally appointed.

Legacy

Use of social media

The election saw a heavier use of social and online media compared to 2006 Singapore general election, especially to evade censorship in Singapore. It is widely perceived by the populace that the major state-run newspapers and broadcasters "align[ed] itself with the party's ideals and decisions" and that the electoral system was tilted against the Opposition. It had been difficult to create alternative media until the rise of sites such as The Online Citizen and such internet tools such as Facebook, Twitter and blogs, which saw increased significance in the 2006 elections but became especially prominent in the 2011 elections. According to The Economist, the PAP's aggressive modernisation of Singapore created "one of the world's most wired societies," leading to new media that "transformed" the electoral scene in Singapore. Characterising the state-run mainstream press as "docile", the Economist also argued that this also forced significantly more news coverage of the Opposition than in previous elections, since the mainstream media feared their readership deserting them. One blogger from CNN wrote, "Thanks to social media, it doesn't matter that the country's largely state-run media leans towards reporting the actions of the PAP, no one's reading anyway.". The Economist however was more cynical in its analysis of the election: "in Singapore, winning 7% of parliamentary seats is tantamount to an opposition triumph".

The first election in which a GRC was won by the Opposition

Traditionally regarded as a PAP "fortress", a GRC fell to the opposition for the first time in Singapore's political history. In previous elections, the Opposition had never won a GRC, which ostensibly ensure minority representation in parliament but also shut out smaller opposition parties with less resources. GRCs comprise over 86% of the seats, but the Opposition in previous elections would contest "less than half the seats". The election saw the most extensive use of co-ordination to avoid "three-cornered fights" and was also notable for seeing "two veteran MPs" making immense risks by choosing to contest in GRCs rather than their historical SMC strongholds.

Signals to the ruling party

The election results were widely used in national and international discussions that the population was trying to send a message to a ruling party that "can also come across as smug, arrogant and high-handed" despite a win margin of over 20%, which usually counts as a landslide victory for most democratic nations but has been one of the narrowest margins since 1965. The last election with a similarly narrow victory occurred in the 1963 Singapore general election, when the PAP's major opponent was the Barisan Sosialis—which in itself was a splinter group formed from the leftist wing of the PAP, where it had comprised 80% of the PAP grassroots membership, 35 out of the PAP's 51 branch committees and 19 of its 23 organising secretaries. According to the Economist, Singaporeans would prefer not to have an alternative government but a humbler one, as well as a "stronger opposition".

On 14 May, exactly a week after the election, Senior Minister Goh Chok Tong and Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew announced in a joint statement that they would be quitting the country's Cabinet, saying it was time for a "team of younger ministers" to "engage with this young generation in shaping the future of Singapore." In a similar analysis by Bloomberg, the resignations and the ensuing cabinet reshuffle were the actions of a ruling party "seeking to overhaul its image with voters" whose "narrowest election victory on record signaled a shortfall in support among younger voters". Analysts such as Citigroup economist Kit Wei Zheng believed that Minister Lee had contributed to the PAP's poor performance.

Lee Kuan Yew was also quoted as saying that a younger generation was required to "carry Singapore forward in a more difficult and complex situation" while Lee Hsien Loong declared the party "would change the way it governs" and do some "soul-searching". A Singapore Management University professor said "[The PAP] will have to demonstrate that it remains a mass movement, and not [Lee Kuan Yew]’s alter ego," noting that younger Singaporeans do not see Lee Kuan Yew with the same godlike perception as older Singaporeans born before 1980.

Further retirements

Both losing ministers in Aljunied GRC, George Yeo and Minister in the Prime Minister's Office Lim Hwee Hua, announced their retirements from politics in separate news conferences given in the days after the election. George Yeo, who remained popular online and continued to have "a flood of support" after the election and had been repeatedly urged to contest the next election, or even contest the 2011 Singaporean presidential election turned his supporters down, declaring, "I'm a free spirit, and I don't think I'm temperamentally suited for such a job."

See also

• Elections in Singapore
• Constituencies of Singapore
• List of Singaporean electoral divisions
• List of political parties in Singapore
• 2012 Hougang by-election and 2013 Punggol East by-election - two by-elections held after the election

External links

• Official elections webpage – Elections Department Singapore
• News about the General Election by MediaCorp

Other official information

• Parliamentary Elections Act Шаблон:Webarchive Singapore Statutes Online, Chapter 218