Английская Википедия:2012 Summer Olympics medal table
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox award
Legend:
Шаблон:Legend2 represents countries that won at least one gold medal.
Шаблон:Legend2 represents countries that won at least one silver medal but no gold medals.
Шаблон:Legend2 represents countries that won only at least one bronze medal.
Шаблон:Legend2 represents countries that did not win any medals.
Шаблон:Legend2 represents entities that did not participate in the 2012 Summer Olympics.
The 2012 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXX Olympiad, was a summer multi-sport event held in London, the capital of the United Kingdom, from 27 July to 12 August. A total of 10,768 athletes from 204 nations participated in 302 events in 26 sports across 39 different disciplines.[1][2]
Overall, 86 nations received at least one medal, and 55 of them won at least one gold medal. Athletes from the United States won the most medals overall, with 104, and the most gold medals, with 48.Шаблон:Efn[3] The latter record is the largest gold medal haul for the US at a non-US hosted Olympics.[3] Host nation Great BritainШаблон:Efn won 29 gold medals and 65 overall medals, making it the most successful Olympics performance for that nation since the 1908 edition.[4]
Michael Phelps and Missy Franklin won the most gold medals at the Games with four each. Phelps also won the highest number of medals overall, winning six in total.[5] Bahrain,Шаблон:Efn Botswana, Cyprus, Gabon, Grenada, Guatemala, and Montenegro all won their first Olympic medals, with Bahrain and Grenada winning their nation's first Olympic gold medal.[1] Previously, Montenegrin athletes had competed as nationals of Serbia and Montenegro and of Yugoslavia.[6]Шаблон:Efn Taekwondo athlete Milica Mandić from Serbia won the first Olympic gold medal for that nation as an independent nation.[7]
During and after the Games, many athletes who were caught doping, or tested positive for banned substances, were disqualified from competition and had their medals revoked.[8][9] To date, 40 medals have been stripped, with Russia accounting for 17 of those.[10]
Medal table
The medal table is based on information provided by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and is consistent with IOC convention in its published medal tables. By default, the table is ordered by the number of gold medals the athletes from a nation have won, where 'nation' is an entity represented by a National Olympic Committee (NOC). The number of silver medals is taken into consideration next, and then the number of bronze medals.
In boxing, judo, taekwondo, and wrestling, two bronze medals are awarded in each weight class.[18][19][20][21] Two silver medals (and no bronze) were awarded for second place ties in both the men's 200 metre freestyle swimming and the men's 100 metre butterfly swimming events.[22][23] Two bronze medals were awarded for a third-place tie in the men's keirin cycling race;[24] three bronze medals were awarded for a three-way third-place tie in the men's high jump.[25]
- Key
Шаблон:Color box Changes in medal standings (see below) Шаблон:Medals table
Changes in medal standings
On 29 August 2016, a report indicated that a retested sample for Besik Kudukhov of Russia, the silver medalist in the men's 60 kg freestyle wrestling event, had returned a positive result (later disclosed as dehydrochlormethyltestosterone).[26] Kudukhov died in a car crash in December 2013. On 27 October 2016, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) dropped all disciplinary proceedings against Kudukhov, stating that such proceedings cannot be conducted against a deceased person.[27]
- Key
Шаблон:Color box Disqualified athlete(s)
| Ruling date | Sport/Event | Athlete (Шаблон:Abbr) | Шаблон:Gold1 | Шаблон:Silver2 | Шаблон:Bronze3 | Total | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 13 August 2012 | Athletics Women's shot put |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 13 August 2012, the IOC stripped Belarusian athlete Nadzeya Ostapchuk of her gold medal in the women's shot put after she tested positive for the anabolic steroid metenolone. As a result, New Zealand silver medallist Valerie Adams was awarded gold, Russian bronze medallist Yevgeniya Kolodko was awarded silver, and the fourth-placed Gong Lijiao from China was awarded bronze.[28] Kolodko would be later stripped of her silver for doping. | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 |
| Ruling date | Sport/Event | Athlete (Шаблон:Abbr) | Шаблон:Gold1 | Шаблон:Silver2 | Шаблон:Bronze3 | Total | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 November 2012 | Wrestling Men's freestyle 74 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 6 November 2012, the IOC stripped Uzbek wrestler Soslan Tigiev of his bronze medal in the men's freestyle 74 kg division after he tested positive for the banned stimulant methylhexaneamine.[29] Hungary's Gábor Hatos was elevated to the bronze medal position.[30] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 1 May 2013 | Athletics Women's discus throw |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 1 May 2013, the IOC banned Russian discus thrower Darya Pishchalnikova from competition for ten years, and stripped her of her silver medal in the women's discus throw after testing positive for oxandrolone (an anabolic steroid).[31] China's Li Yanfeng was awarded the silver medal, and Cuba's Yarelys Barrios was given the bronze medal.[32][33] | ||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 20 May 2015 | Athletics Men's 4 × 100 metres relay |
Шаблон:Sort ※ Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete ※ Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete ※ Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete ※ Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete ※ Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete ※ |
−1 | −1 | In May 2014, the United States Anti-Doping Agency imposed a one-year suspension on 4 × 100 m relay team member Tyson Gay.[34] In May 2015, the IOC formally requested the United States Olympic Committee to collect the medals from teammates Trell Kimmons, Justin Gatlin, Ryan Bailey, Jeffery Demps and Darvis Patton. The Trinidad and Tobago relay team received the silver medals, and France's relay team was awarded the bronze.[35] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete |
+1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete |
+1 | +1 | |||||
| 17 August 2015 | Athletics Women's 1500 metres |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 17 August 2015, the Court of Arbitration for Sport approved a settlement that was agreed to by Turkish athlete Aslı Çakır Alptekin, Turkish Athletic Federation, and the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).[36] Alptekin has agreed to forfeit her 1500 metres Olympic title and serve an eight-year ban for blood doping.[37][38] | ||
| For reallocation of medals see 29 March 2017 | |||||||
| 24 March 2016 | Athletics Men's 50 kilometres walk |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 24 March 2016, the Court of Arbitration for Sport issued a decision that all competitive results obtained by Sergey Kirdyapkin from 20 August 2009 to 15 October 2012 were disqualified.[39] The IOC confirmed the stripping of Sergey Kirdyapkin's gold medal in the men's 50 km walk and the redistribution of the medals. As a result, Australian walker Jared Tallent, China's Si Tianfeng, and Ireland's Robert Heffernan were given gold, silver, and bronze respectively.[40] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 24 March 2016 | Athletics Women's 20 kilometres walk |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 24 March 2016, the Court of Arbitration for Sport ruled that all competitive results obtained by Olga Kaniskina from 15 August 2009 to 15 October 2012 were disqualified and stated that the possible re-allocation of medals is a matter for IAAF to determine.[41] The IOC confirmed the stripping of Olga Kaniskina's silver medal in women's 20 km walk.[42] The IOC requested the IAAF to modify the results of this event accordingly, and medals were redistributed.[43] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 24 March 2016 | Athletics Women's 3000 metres steeplechase |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 30 January 2015, the IOC confirmed that runner Yuliya Zaripova tested positive for steroids.[44] One year later, on 24 March 2016, the Court of Arbitration for Sport disqualified her for doping and confirmed that she would be stripped of her gold medal.[41] On 4 June 2016, the gold medal was officially reallocated to second place Habiba Ghribi from Tunisia by the IOC,[45] and the IAAF updated the results. Marta Dominguez from Spain was also disqualified.[46] Ghribi received her gold medal on 4 June 2016.[47][48] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 13 July 2016 | Weightlifting Women's 58 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 13 July 2016, the IOC announced that Yuliya Kalina of Ukraine has been disqualified from the 2012 Summer Olympics and ordered to return the bronze medal from the 58 kg weightlifting event. Reanalysis of Kalina's samples from London 2012 resulted in a positive test for the prohibited substance dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (turinabol).[49] The IOC had requested the International Wrestling Federation to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated medals accordingly.[50] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 9 August 2016 | Athletics Men's javelin throw |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 9 August 2016, the IOC announced that Oleksandr Pyatnytsya of Ukraine would be stripped of his silver medal in the javelin throw after he tested positive for the prohibited substance dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (turinabol).[51] The IOC requested the IAAF to modify the results of this event accordingly.[52] On 22 February 2017, Antti Ruuskanen received the silver medal in Finland.[53] Vítězslav Veselý received the bronze medal during Golden Spike Ostrava on 28 June 2017.[54] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 20 August 2016 | Athletics Women's shot put |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 20 August 2016, the IOC announced that Yevgeniya Kolodko of Russia would be stripped of her silver medal in shot put after she tested positive for dehydrochlormethyltestosterone (turinabol) and ipamorelin.[55] Kolodko had been upgraded to a silver medal during the 2012 London Games after the first-place finisher had been stripped of her gold medal for doping. The IOC requested the IAAF to modify the results of this event accordingly, and medals were redistributed.[56] | ||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 11 October 2016 | Athletics Women's hammer throw |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 11 October 2016, Tatyana Lysenko of the Russian Federation was disqualified from the women's hammer throw, in which she won the gold medal. She had tested positive for a banned substance.[57] The IOC requested the IAAF to modify the results accordingly, and the medals were redistributed.[58] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 18 October 2016 | Weightlifting Men's 85 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 18 October 2016, the IOC disqualified Apti Aukhadov of the Russian Federation for doping and stripped him of the silver medal.[59] The IOC requested the IWF to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated the medals accordingly.[50] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 27 October 2016 | Weightlifting Women's 53 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 27 October 2016, the IOC disqualified eight athletes for failing doping tests at the Games. This included four medal winners including Zulfiya Chinshanlo, Maiya Maneza and Svetlana Podobedova all from Kazakhstan, and Maryna Shkermankova of Belarus.[60] The IOC requested the IWF to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated medals accordingly.[50] | ||
| For reallocation of medals see 21 November 2016 | |||||||
| Weightlifting Women's 63 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | ||||
| For reallocation of medals see 5 April 2017 | |||||||
| Weightlifting Women's 69 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Weightlifting Women's 75 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | ||||
| For reallocation of medals see 21 November 2016 | |||||||
| 21 November 2016Шаблон:Anchor | Weightlifting Men's 94 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 21 November 2016, the IOC disqualified a further 12 athletes for failing doping tests at the Games. This included six medal winners in weightlifting including Alexandr Ivanov (Russia), Anatoli Ciricu (Moldova), Cristina Iovu (Moldova), Nataliya Zabolotnaya (Russia), Iryna Kulesha (Belarus), Hripsime Khurshudyan (Armenia).[44] The IOC requested the IWF to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated medals accordingly.[50][61] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | |||||
| For reallocation of medals see 25 November 2016 | |||||||
| Weightlifting Women's 53 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Weightlifting Women's 75 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | |||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Weightlifting Women's +75 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 25 November 2016Шаблон:Anchor | Weightlifting Men's 94 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 25 November 2016, the IOC disqualified Ilya Ilin for failing anti-doping test.[62] The IOC requested the IWF to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated medals accordingly.[50] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 29 November 2016 | Athletics Women's heptathlon |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 29 November 2016, the Court of Arbitration for Sport decided that all competitive results of Tatyana Chernova between 15 August 2011 and 22 July 2013 are annulled.[63] Austra Skujytė was later awarded the bronze medal on 20 December 2018.[64] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 1 February 2017 | Athletics Women's 4 × 400 metres relay |
Шаблон:Sort ※ Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete ※ Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete ※ Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete ※ |
−1 | −1 | On 1 February 2017, the Russian 4 × 400 metres relay women's team was disqualified due to doping of Antonina Krivoshapka.[65] The IOC requested the IAAF to modify the results accordingly, and medals were redistributed.[66] Both Yuliya Gushchina and Tatyana Firova were also banned for doping in November 2017 and February 2019, respectively.[67][68] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete |
+1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete |
+1 | +1 | |||||
| 10 February 2017 | Athletics Women's 800 metres |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 10 February 2017, the Court of Arbitration for Sport upheld a four-year ban that effectively stripped off the gold medal of Mariya Savinova, based upon her biological passport.[69][70][71] On 9 November 2015, a WADA Independent report was published in which Russian athlete Ekaterina Poistogova was mentioned as the violator of anti-doping rules.[72] After an investigation, Poistogova was one of five Russian runners whom the World Anti-Doping Agency recommended to receive a lifetime ban for doping during the London Olympics. On 7 April 2017, CAS refused to decide on disqualification from 2012, and disqualify Ekaterina Poistogova from 2015.[73] Thus, Ekaterina Poistogova retained her Olympic 2012 medal in the women's 800 metres athletic event. | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 29 March 2017Шаблон:Anchor | Athletics Women's 1500 metres |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 29 March 2017, Turkish Gamze Bulut was banned for doping and lost her Olympic silver medal.[74] Previously, on 17 August 2015, the Court of Arbitration for Sport stripped Turkish athlete Aslı Çakır Alptekin of her medal and imposed an eight-year ban on her for blood doping.[37] Fourth-placed finisher Russian Tatyana Tomashova has a previous doping violation and fifth-placed Ethiopian Abeba Aregawi, later representing Sweden was suspended for doping violation on 29 February 2016.[75] Nevertheless, the IOC decided to award Tomashova and Aregawi with the silver and bronze medals, respectively.[76][77] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 5 April 2017Шаблон:Anchor | Weightlifting Women's 63 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 5 April 2017, the IOC disqualified Russian weightlifter Svetlana Tsarukaeva due to use of turinabol[78] The IOC requested the IWF to modify the results of the weightlifting events, and the IWF reallocated medals accordingly.[50] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 17 January 2019, 23 July 2019 |
Wrestling Men's freestyle 120 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 17 January 2019, the IOC stripped Georgian wrestler Davit Modzmanashvili of his silver medal.[79] On 23 July 2019, the IOC stripped Uzbek wrestler Artur Taymazov of his gold medal.[80] In 2020, the IOC redistributed the medals, awarding two gold medals in this event.[81] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | |||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 1 February 2019 | Athletics Men's high jump |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 1 February 2019, Ivan Ukhov and Svetlana Shkolina of Russia were disqualified by the CAS for taking performance-enhancing drugs.[68] The medals were finally reallocated in 2021. | ||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Athletics Women's high jump |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 29 March 2019 | Weightlifting Men's 56 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 29 March 2019, the IOC stripped Azerbaijani weightlifter Valentin Hristov of his bronze medal.[82] On 25 November 2020, the medals were reallocated accordingly.[83][50] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 12 June 2019 | Canoeing Men's C-1 200 metres |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 12 June 2019, the IOC stripped Lithuanian sprint canoeist Jevgenij Shuklin of his silver medal.[84] In 2021 the original bronze medalist Ivan Shtyl was promoted to silver, and Alfonso Benavides of Spain was promoted to bronze.[85] | ||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 19 December 2019 | Weightlifting Men's 105 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 19 December 2019, the IOC stripped Ukraine's weightlifter Oleksiy Torokhtiy of his gold medal.[86] On 25 November 2020, the medals were reallocated accordingly.[83][50] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 25 November 2020 | Weightlifting Men's 69 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | On 25 November 2020 the IOC stripped Romanians weightlifters Răzvan Martin and Roxana Cocoș of their bronze and silver medals respectively.[87] On 8 June 2021, the medals were reallocated accordingly, but the IOC decided not to reallocate the silver medal to Anna Nurmukhambetova of Kazakhstan "at the present time" because she is currently suspended for another doping violation.[88] Nevertheless, later in 2021 the silver medal was shown as reallocated by IOC to Anna Nurmukhambetova.[89] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| Weightlifting Women's 69 kg |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 21 March 2022 | Athletics Women's 20 kilometres walk |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | The Athletics Integrity Unit of World Athletics banned Elena Lashmanova for two years and stripped her of Olympic and world titles that she had won from 2012 and 2013.[90][91] Medals were reallocated accordingly.[92] | ||
| Шаблон:Sort | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | +1 | |||||
| 24 October 2022 | Athletics Women's 400 metres hurdles |
Шаблон:Sort ※ | −1 | −1 | The Athletics Integrity Unit of World Athletics disqualified the results of Antyukh, who had already been serving a doping ban, from July 2012 onward following the re-analysis of her samples.[93][94] Medals were reallocated accordingly.[95] | ||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | −1 | 0 | ||||
| Шаблон:FlagIOCathlete | +1 | +1 | |||||
A minus sign (−) indicates that medals were either stripped altogether or exchanged for a silver or gold when upgraded in a reallocation.
See also
Notes
References
External links
Шаблон:Olympic games medal count Шаблон:Top Summer Olympics medal-winning nations
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ "Lashinda Demus in line for 2012 Olympics gold after Russian DQ'd". ESPN. 24 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2022.
- ↑ Dickinson, Marley (31 August 2014). "Russia to lose final track gold medal from 2012 Olympics". runningmagazine.ca. Retrieved 31 October 2022.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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