Английская Википедия:2013 in paleontology
Шаблон:Year nav topic20 Шаблон:Year in paleontology header Шаблон:Science year nav Шаблон:Commons category
Plants
Cnidarians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Alveopora. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Alveopora. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Cyathopsidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Astreopora. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Löser, Castro & Nieto |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A stony coral, a species of Aulastraea. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Aulophyllidae. The type species is B. crinisphyllia. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Niko & Adachi |
Gionyama Formation |
A tabulate coral belonging to the family Halysitidae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Caulastraea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Caulastraea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral belonging to the family Faviidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral belonging to the family Faviidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral belonging to the family Faviidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Euphyllia. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the order Stauriida and the family Polycoeliidae. The type species is F. spitsbergensis; genus also includes "Sochkineophyllum" zavodovskyi Sokolov (1959).[5] |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the order Stauriida and the family Kleopatrinidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Galaxea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Pliocene |
A stony coral, a species of Galaxea. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Aulophyllidae. The type species is G. minor; genus also includes G. parvum. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Niko & Adachi |
Gionyama Formation |
A tabulate coral belonging to the family Halysitidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Niko & Adachi |
Gionyama Formation |
A tabulate coral belonging to the family Halysitidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Niko & Adachi |
Gionyama Formation |
A tabulate coral belonging to the family Halysitidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the order Stauriida and the family Kleopatrinidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the order Stauriida and the family Kleopatrinidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Löser, Castro & Nieto |
Early Cretaceous |
A stony coral belonging to the group Heterocoeniina and the family Elasmocoeniidae. A new genus for "Pseudopistophyllum" quinqueseptatum Turnšek & Buser (1976). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Antiphyllidae. The type species is K. pachyseptata. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Leptoria. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Leptoria. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
Lau Group |
A stony coral belonging to the family Agariciidae. |
|||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the order Stauriida and the suborder Aulophyllina. The type species is L. spitsbergensis; genus also includes L. longiseptatum. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral belonging to the family Pocilloporidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral belonging to the family Pocilloporidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Löser, Castro & Nieto |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A stony coral, a species of Metaulastraea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Löser, Castro & Nieto |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A stony coral, a species of Mitrodendron. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Montipora. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Montipora. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Early Pleistocene |
A stony coral, a species of Montipora. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Niko, Ibaraki & Tazawa |
Early Carboniferous |
Omi Limestone |
A tabulate coral belonging to the order Auloporida and the family Multithecoporidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Löser, Castro & Nieto |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A stony coral, a species of Paraacanthogyra. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Löser |
Cretaceous (Albian and Cenomanian[8]) |
A stony coral belonging to the superfamily Eugyroidea and the family Eugyridae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Platygyra. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Löser, Castro & Nieto |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A stony coral belonging to the group Heterocoeniina and the family Elasmocoeniidae. The type species is Pleurodendron prebeticum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Niko |
Early Carboniferous |
Akiyoshi Limestone Group |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to Permian (Sakmarian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Bothrophyllidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to Permian (Sakmarian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Bothrophyllidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
Carboniferous (Gzhelian) to Permian (Sakmarian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Bothrophyllidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Löser, Castro & Nieto |
Early Cretaceous (Albian) |
A stony coral, a species of Silingastraea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Niko, Haikawa & Fujikawa |
Akiyoshi Limestone Group |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Early Pleistocene |
A stony coral belonging to the family Mussidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the order Stauriida and the family Lithostrotionidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
A rugose coral belonging to the order Stauriida and the family Lithostrotionidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bromfield |
Miocene |
A stony coral, a species of Turbinaria. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chwieduk |
Carboniferous (Gzhelian) and Permian (Sakmarian) |
A rugose coral belonging to the group Stauriida and the family Aulophyllidae. |
Arthropods
Bryozoans
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gautier, Jackson & McKinney |
Permian |
An acanthocladiid bryozoan. The type species is Adlatipora fossulata. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zágoršek & Gordon |
Late Tortonian |
Mut Basin |
An ascophoran bryozoan. Its type species is Basyaylella elsae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dick et al. |
Cretaceous (late Albian or early Cenomanian) |
A cheilostome bryozoan. Originally described as a species of Charixa; Dick, Sakamoto & Komatsu (2018) transferred this species to the genus Kenocharixa.[14] |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Taylor & Calzada |
A member of Malacostegina belonging to the family Electridae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Di Martino & Taylor |
Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian or Maastrichtian) |
United Arab Emirates–Oman border region |
A species of Conopeum. |
|||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Dick et al. |
Cretaceous (late Albian or early Cenomanian) |
A malacostegan. Genus contains two species: H. hayamiae and H. clusum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tolokonnikova |
Early Carboniferous |
A species of Heloclema. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Di Martino & Taylor |
Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian or Maastrichtian) |
United Arab Emirates–Oman border region |
A species of Monoceratopora. |
|||
| Ostrovskia[12] |
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zágoršek & Gordon |
Late Tortonian |
Mut Basin |
An ascophoran bryozoan. Its type species is Ostrovskia triforamina. |
||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sonar & Gaikwad |
Eocene (Lutetian) to Miocene (Burdigalian) |
A member of Flustrina belonging to the family Poricellariidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sonar & Gaikwad |
Eocene (Lutetian) to Miocene (Burdigalian) |
A member of Flustrina belonging to the family Poricellariidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tolokonnikova |
Early Carboniferous |
A species of Primorella. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sonar & Gaikwad |
Oligocene (Chattian) |
Maniyara Fort Formation |
A member of Flustrina belonging to the family Steginoporellidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sonar & Gaikwad |
Miocene (Aquitanian) |
A member of Flustrina belonging to the family Steginoporellidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sonar & Gaikwad |
Miocene (Burdigalian) |
Chhasara Formation |
A member of Flustrina belonging to the family Steginoporellidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Di Martino & Taylor |
Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian or Maastrichtian) |
United Arab Emirates–Oman border region |
A species of Tyloporella. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sonar & Gaikwad |
Eocene (Lutetian) to Miocene (Burdigalian) |
A member of Flustrina belonging to the family Vinculariidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Di Martino & Taylor |
Late Cretaceous (Late Campanian or Maastrichtian) |
United Arab Emirates–Oman border region |
A species of Wilbertopora. |
Brachiopods
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Subgen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
Ordovician (Hirnantian and Katian) to Silurian (Aeronian) |
Kosov Formation |
A member of Plectambonitoidea belonging to the family Xenambonitidae. The type species is "Schuchertella" planissima Reed (1915); the subgenus also includes Aegiromena durbenensis Nikitin et al. (1980), "Chonetoidea" obliqua Jin & Chatterton (1997), Aegiromena ultima Havlíček (1967) and Aegiromena urbana Havlíček (1967). |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rzhonsnitskaya in Modzalevskaya, Alvarez & Rzhonsnitskaya |
A member of Athyridida belonging to the family Athyrididae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rzhonsnitskaya in Modzalevskaya, Alvarez & Rzhonsnitskaya |
A member of Athyridida belonging to the family Athyrididae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
A member of Strophomenoidea belonging to the family Sowerbyellidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Benedetto, Halpern & Inchausti |
Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
A species of Arenorthis. |
||||
|
sp nov |
Valid |
Topper et al. |
Lower Cambrian |
A member of Paterinata, a species of Askepasma. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Xu |
Ordovician (late Darriwilian) |
A member of Dalmanelloidea belonging to the family Portranellidae. The type species is B. baoshanensis. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Madison |
Ordovician |
A member of Strophomenida. The type species is Biseptata briani. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
Anji Formation |
A member of Enteletoidea belonging to the family Schizophoriidae. The type species is C. chunanensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
A member of the family Craniidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
A member of Orthoidea belonging to the family Hesperorthidae. |
|||||
|
Subgen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
Silurian (Rhuddanian), possibly also Ordovician (Katian) |
Anji Formation |
A member of Strophomenoidea belonging to the family Eopholidostrophiidae. The type species is Eopholidostrophia (Megapholidostrophia) magnifica; the subgenus might also include Eopholidostrophia mediocostalis (Reed, 1905). |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
A member of Strophomenoidea belonging to the family Sowerbyellidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Eospiriferidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Popov & Cocks |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Eospiriferidae. |
|||||
|
Subgen. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
Ordovician (Katian and Hirnantian) |
Changwu Formation |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Eospiriferidae. The type species is Eospirifer praecursor Rong, Zhan & Han (1994). |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
A member of Dalmanelloidea belonging to the family Dicoelosiidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
A member of Orthotetida belonging to the family Chilidiopsidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Calzada, Maza & Moreno |
A member of the family Dallinidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
A member of Orthoidea belonging to the family Hesperorthidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Popov & Cocks |
Qarabil Limestone |
A member of Spiriferida belonging to the family Hedeinopsidae. The type species is I. qarabilensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Vörös |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
A member of Strophomenoidea belonging to the family Strophomenidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Popov in Ghobadi Pour et al. |
A member of Strophomenida belonging to the group Strophomenoidea and the family Rafinesquinidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Feldman |
Middle Triassic (early Ladinian) |
A zeilleriid terebratulid. The type species is Menathyris wilsoni. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
A member of Dalmanelloidea belonging to the family Rhipidomellidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Late Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Rugosochonetidae, a species of Neochonetes. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Late Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Rugosochonetidae, a species of Neochonetes. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Late Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Rugosochonetidae, a species of Neochonetes. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Late Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Rugosochonetidae, a species of Neochonetes. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wright & Garratt |
Late Silurian |
Florence Quartzite |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the family Hebetoechiidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wright & Garratt |
Late Silurian |
Mount Ida Formation |
A member of Rhynchonellida belonging to the family Hebetoechiidae. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhan et al. |
A member of Strophomenoidea belonging to the family Strophomenidae. The type species is O. plana. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhan et al. |
Ordovician (Darriwilian) |
Chiatsun Group |
A member of the family Orthidae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Benedetto, Halpern & Inchausti |
Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
Possibly a species of Plectothyrella. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhan et al. |
A member of Strophomenoidea belonging to the family Glyptomenidae. The type species is P. globula. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Colmenar, Villas & Vizcaïno |
Late Ordovician |
A platyorthid. The type species is Proclinorthis vailhanensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bassett et al. |
Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) |
A member of Craniida, a species of Pseudocrania. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Xu |
Ordovician (late Darriwilian) |
A member of Orthoidea belonging to the new family Pupiaoiidae. The type species is P. pupiaoensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Blodgett et al. |
A gypidulinid brachiopod. Genus includes new species S. santuccii. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhan et al. |
A member of Strophomenoidea belonging to the family Rafinesquinidae. The type species is S. elongata. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Vörös |
Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous (Tithonian to Berriasian) |
A pygopid terebratulid. A new genus for "Terebratula" misilmerensis Gemmellaro (1871); genus also contains the new species Sphenope bifida. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Late Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Rugosochonetidae, a species of Tethyochonetes. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Late Permian (Changhsingian) |
A member of Rugosochonetidae, a species of Tethyochonetes. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rong et al. |
Ordovician (Hirnantian) and Silurian (Rhuddanian) |
Anji Formation |
A member of Dalmanelloidea belonging to the family Dalmanellidae. The type species is Y. yui. |
Molluscs
Echinoderms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kroh et al. |
Miocene |
An abertellid sand dollar, a species of Abertella. |
||||
|
Gen. et 4 sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy & Meyer |
Jurassic (Toarcian to Kimmeridgian)[41] |
Шаблон:Flag[41] |
An ophiacanthid brittle star. The type species is Alternacantha occulta; genus also includes A. schwermannorum, A. arges and A. dilionessa.[41] |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zamora |
Middle Cambrian |
An edrioasteroid. The type species is Aragocystites belli. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith |
Santonian |
A spatangoid. The type species is Bathyovulaster disjunctus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Müller, Hahn and Bohatý |
Middle Devonian |
An agelacrinitid edrioasteroid. The type species is Bellastrella eifeliana. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thompson, Ausich & Smith |
Early Devonian (Emsian) |
A crinoid, a species of Ctenocrinus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Saucede et al. |
Middle Jurassic (late Callovian) |
An echinoid, a species of Cyclolampas. |
||||
|
Gen. et 3 sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is D. leonorae; genus also includes new species D. pattyana and D. carli, as well as "Ophiocten" seeweni Kutscher & Hary (1991). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Triassic (Anisian and Carnian) and Early Jurassic (late Sinemurian to early Pliensbachian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is E. hagdorni; genus also includes E. imminens. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy, Marty & Comment |
Late Jurassic (late Oxfordian) |
An ophiolepidid brittle star. The type species is Eozonella bergeri. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Felsöörs Formation |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is E. paciphila. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Middle Jurassic (Bajocian-Bathonian boundary) to Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is G. teckliformis; genus also includes G. touertensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zamora, Rahman & Smith |
Middle Cambrian |
A basal cinctan echinoderm. The type species is Graciacystis ambigua. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thompson, Ausich & Smith |
Early Devonian (Emsian) |
A crinoid, a species of Griphocrinus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy & Meyer |
Early[41] and Middle Jurassic |
Шаблон:Flag[41] |
An ophiacanthid brittle star. The type species is Hanshessia trochitophila. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is "Ophiopholis" trispinosa Hess (1965); genus also includes new species I. hirokoae and I. fuersichi. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy, Marty & Comment |
Late Jurassic (late Oxfordian) |
An ophiacanthid brittle star. The type species is Juracantha hottingeri. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rozhnov |
Middle Ordovician |
A member of Parablastoidea. The type species is Kosachenkoastrus volkhovensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Jurassic (late Sinemurian to Kimmeridgian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is K. mira; genus also includes K. ampla. |
||||
|
Gen. et 9 sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (late Sinemurian to Albian) |
Шаблон:Flag |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is L. hystricarboris; genus also includes L. caeloscopus, L. coreytaylori, L. etteri, L. lukenederi, L. mastodon, L. mathcore, L. wolfii and L. varuna, as well as "Sinosura" fasciata Kutscher & Villier (2003). |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Thompson, Ausich & Smith |
Early Devonian (Emsian) |
A crinoid. The type species is Lutocrinus boliviaensis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Krivicich, Ausich & Keyes |
A crinoid. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is "Ophiomyxa" curvata Kutscher & Jagt (2000). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bohatý & Hein |
Devonian |
A camerate crinoid belonging to the group Monobathrida and the family Hexacrinitidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen & Han |
A member of Stylophora. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Jurassic and Cretaceous (late Sinemurian to Maastrichtian) |
Шаблон:Flag |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is "Ophiacantha" constricta Hess (1966); genus also includes "Ophiacantha" danica Rasmussen (1952) and "Ophiacantha" dorecki Hess (1962), as well as new species O. stans. |
|||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Late Jurassic and Cretaceous (Oxfordian to Maastrichtian) |
Шаблон:Flag |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is O. acklesi; genus also includes new species O. irimurai, as well as "Hemieuryale" argoviensis Hess (1966) and "Ophiosmilax" alternatus Kutscher & Jagt (2000). |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Early Jurassic (late Sinemurian to late Pliensbachian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is O. watsoni. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Early Cretaceous (latest Aptian to earliest Albian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Early Jurassic (late Sinemurian to early Pliensbachian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Early Cretaceous (latest Aptian to earliest Albian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Early Cretaceous (latest Aptian to earliest Albian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Middle Jurassic (Callovian) to Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is O. beneficarum; genus also includes O. stevenwilsoni. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Thuy & Schulz |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is "Ophiurites" crinitus Quenstedt (1876). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy & Meyer |
Middle Jurassic |
An ophiomycetid brittle star, a species of Ophiotholia. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Early Cretaceous (latest Aptian to earliest Albian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Osborn, Mooi & Ciampaglio |
A sand dollar belonging to the group Scutellina and the family Protoscutellidae. |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Nardin & Bohatý |
Devonian (Eifelian) |
A blastozoan belonging to the family Pleurocystitidae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
Early Jurassic (late Sinemurian to early Pliensbachian) |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is R. dissidens. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Sumrall, Heredia, Rodríguez & Mestre |
Silurian (lower Ludlow) |
A rhenopyrgid edrioasteroid, a species of Rhenopyrgus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Thuy |
A brittle star belonging to the family Ophiacanthidae. The type species is S. archetypa. |
|||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov. |
Valid |
Prokop |
Devonian (Pragian, Emsian and Eifelian) |
A crinoid belonging to the group Disparida, possibly a member of the family Myelodactylidae. The type species is Simakocrinus facilis sp. nov (col.); genus also contains Simakocrinus diligens sp. nov (col.). |
Conodonts
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Zeballo & Albanesi |
Late Cambrian (late Furongian) or early Ordovician (Tremadocian) |
A species of Acanthodus. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Zeballo & Albanesi |
Late Cambrian (late Furongian) or early Ordovician (Tremadocian) |
A species of Acanthodus. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Zeballo & Albanesi |
Late Cambrian (late Furongian) or early Ordovician (Tremadocian) |
A species of Acodus. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Orchard |
Late Triassic (late Carnian to early Norian) |
A gondolellid ozarkodinid. The type species is Acuminatella acuminata; genus also contains Acuminatella angusta. |
||||
|
Subsp nov |
Valid |
Kononova & Weyer |
Devonian (late Famennian) |
A subspecies of Bispathodus ultimus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Orchard |
Late Triassic (late Carnian) |
A gondolellid ozarkodinid, a species of Carnepigondolella. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Orchard |
Late Triassic (late Carnian) |
A gondolellid ozarkodinid, a species of Carnepigondolella. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lee |
Cambrian |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang et al. |
Ordovician |
Lower Klimoli Formation |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ishida, Suzuki & Inada |
Carboniferous (middle–late Bashkirian to early Moscovian) |
Ko-yama Limestone Group |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rosscoe & Barrick |
Carboniferous |
Exline Limestone |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rosscoe & Barrick |
Carboniferous |
Hushpuckney Shale |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rosscoe & Barrick |
Carboniferous |
Hushpuckney Shale |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Zeballo & Albanesi |
Late Cambrian (late Furongian) or early Ordovician (Tremadocian) |
A species of Kallidontus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Orchard |
Late Triassic (late Carnian) |
A gondolellid ozarkodinid. The type species is Kraussodontus peteri. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Wang in Zhou et al. |
Permian (probably Wordian) |
A species of Mesogondolella. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Wang in Zhou et al. |
Permian (probably Wordian) |
A species of Mesogondolella. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Karádi, Kozur & Görögt |
Late Triassic (late Carnian and early Norian) |
Csővár Limestone Formation |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Bardashev & Bardasheva |
Middle Devonian (Givetian) |
A replacement name for Muellerina Bardashev & Bardasheva (2012) (preoccupied). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tolmacheva |
Middle Ordovician |
The type species is Naimanodus degtyarevi. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Kononova & Weyer |
Devonian (late Famennian) |
A species of Neopolygnathus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Aldridge et al. |
Late Ordovician |
Soom Shale Member, Cedarberg Formation |
A member of Prioniodontida belonging to the family Balognathidae. The type species is Notiodella keblon. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Karádi, Kozur & Görögt |
Late Triassic (early Norian) |
Csővár Limestone Formation |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Orchard |
Late Triassic (late Carnian to early Norian) |
A gondolellid ozarkodinid. The type species is Parapetella prominens. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gholamalian et al. |
Devonian |
A species of Polygnathus. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Klapper & Vodrážková |
Devonian |
A species of Polygnathus. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Orchard |
Late Triassic (late Carnian to early Norian) |
A gondolellid ozarkodinid. A new genus for "Epigondolella" primitia Mosher (1970); genus also contains new species Primatella asymmetrica and Primatella conservativa. |
||||
|
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Subsp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Orchard |
Late Triassic (late Carnian) |
A gondolellid ozarkodinid. The type species is Quadralella lobata. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Savage |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Zeballo & Albanesi |
Early Ordovician |
A new genus for "Utahconus" humahuacensis Albanesi and Aceñolaza (2005). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Voldman, Albanesi & Zeballo in Voldman et al. |
Early Ordovician |
Originally described as a possible species of Trapezognathus; subsequently made the type species of a separate genus Zentagnathus.[75] |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Zeballo & Albanesi |
Late Cambrian (late Furongian) or early Ordovician (Tremadocian) |
A species of Utahconus. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Zeballo & Albanesi |
Late Cambrian (late Furongian) or early Ordovician (Tremadocian) |
A species of Utahconus. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Zeballo & Albanesi |
Late Cambrian (late Furongian) or early Ordovician (Tremadocian) |
A species of Utahconus. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Zeballo & Albanesi |
Late Cambrian (late Furongian) or early Ordovician (Tremadocian) |
A species of Variabiloconus. |
Fishes
Amphibians
Research
- Laloy et al. (2013) reinterpret the Eocene frog species Rana cadurcorum from the Quercy Phosphorites (France) as a junior synonym of Thaumastosaurus gezei.[76]
Newly named temnospondyls
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Holmes, Berman & Anderson |
A dissorophid, a species of Broiliellus. |
|||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Sulej & Niedźwiedzki |
Late Olenekian |
A species of Parotosuchus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Maddin et al. |
Early Permian |
A dissorophid. The type species is Reiszerpeton renascentis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Schoch & Sues |
Early Permian |
A dissorophid. The type species is Scapanops neglecta. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Bolt |
Early Permian |
A species of Tersomius. |
||||
|
Sp nov |
Valid |
Milner & Schoch |
Early Permian |
A species of Trimerorhachis. |
Newly named lepospondyls
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Glienke |
Early Permian (Rotliegend) |
A species of Batropetes. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Huttenlocker et al. |
Early Permian |
A recumbirostran. The type species is Huskerpeton englehorni. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Huttenlocker et al. |
Early Permian |
A recumbirostran, a new genus for "Euryodus" bonneri. |
Newly named lissamphibians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Henrici, Báez & Grande |
Early Eocene (Wasatchian) |
A relative of parsley frogs. The type species is Aerugoamnis paulus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Folie et al. |
Early Eocene |
A bombinatorid. Its type species is Eobarbourula delfinoi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Báez |
Early Cretaceous (late Barremian) |
A relative of the family Pipidae. The type species is Gracilibatrachus avallei. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Báez |
Early Cretaceous (late Barremian) |
A close relative of the genus Discoglossus. The type species is Iberobatrachus angelae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schoch & Rasser |
Miocene |
A newt related to the Alpine newt. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Folie et al. |
Early Eocene |
A possible rhacophorid. Its type species is Indorana prasadi. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Worthy et al. |
Early Miocene |
A member of Leiopelmatidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Worthy et al. |
Early Miocene |
A member of Leiopelmatidae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dong et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Barremian) |
An anuran of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Liaobatrachus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Demar |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
A mudpuppy. The type species is Paranecturus garbanii. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Vasilyan et al. |
Miocene |
A relative of cryptobranchids. The type species is Ukrainurus hypsognathus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sweetman & Gardner |
Barremian |
An albanerpetontid. |
Turtles
Research
- A study on the anatomy of the brain and inner ear of the Jurassic turtle Plesiochelys etalloni is published by Paulina Carabajal et al. (2013).[94]
Newly named turtles
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Danilov et al. |
Late Eocene |
An adocid, a species of Adocus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hutchison |
Early Paleocene (Puercan) |
A trionychid. The type species is Atoposemys entopteros. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Weems & Knight |
Late Oligocene |
A podocnemidid pleurodiran, a species of Bairdemys. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sullivan, Jasinski & Lucas |
Late Campanian |
A nanhsiungchelyid turtle, a species of Basilemys. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tong & Meylan |
Early Paleocene |
A cryptodiran closely related to Sandownia. The type species is Brachyopsemys tingitana. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García & Murelaga |
Early Cretaceous (Hauterivian or Barremian) |
Cameros Basin |
A member of Pan-Cryptodira (the clade containing living cryptodirans and all turtles sharing a more recent common ancestor with them than with pleurodirans), possibly a xinjiangchelyid. The type species is Camerochelys vilanovai. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hutchison |
Early Eocene (Wasatchian) |
A turtle of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally described as a platysternid, but subsequently argued to be a member of Kinosternoidea.[101] The type species is Cardichelyon rogerwoodi. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gmira et al. |
Pliocene |
A tortoise, possibly a species of Centrochelys. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Brinkman et al. |
Early Cretaceous |
A member of (likely paraphyletic) group "Macrobaenidae". The type species is Changmachelys bohlini. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Yates |
Late Miocene |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zacarías et al. |
Late Pleistocene (58–22 ka) |
A tortoise, a species of Chelonoidis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Weems & George |
Miocene |
A relative of the painted turtle. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Naksri et al. |
Late Middle or early Late Miocene |
An Asian box turtle. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Weems & George |
Miocene |
A tortoise, a species of Floridemys. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hirayama, Isaji & Hibino |
Early Cretaceous |
A turtle of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Originally considered to be a relative of trionychids; Skutschas et al. (2017) considered it to be either a pan-trionychian (sister taxon to Trionychia) or a pan-carettochelyid.[109] The type species is Kappachelys okurai. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Disputed |
Sereno & ElShafie |
Aptian or Albian |
An araripemydid pleurodiran. The type species is Laganemys tenerensis. Pérez-García (2019) considered this species to be a junior synonym of Taquetochelys decorata.[111] |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pérez-García & de Lapparent de Broin |
Eocene (Ypresian) |
A podocnemidid, a species of Neochelys. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Larson et al. |
Santonian |
A neurankyline baenid, a species of Neurankylus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Georgalis et al. |
Early Miocene |
A pleurodiran, a member of Podocnemidoidea. The type species is Nostimochelone lampra. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Takahashi et al. |
Early middle Miocene |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bardet et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
Oulad Abdoun Basin |
A relative of dermochelyids and protostegids. The type species is Ocepechelon bouyai. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Danilov & Sukhanov |
Late Paleocene |
A basal member of Testudinoidea. The type species is Paramongolemys khosatzkyi. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hutchison |
Early Eocene (Wasatchian) |
A relative of trionychids, a species of Planetochelys. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hutchison |
Early Eocene (Wasatchian) |
The earliest North American emydid. The type species is Psilosemys wyomingensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Sullivan, Jasinski & Lucas |
Late Campanian |
A baenid cryptodiran, a new genus for "Baena" ornata Gilmore (1935). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Late Cretaceous |
A lindholmemydid testudinoid. The type species is Shandongemys dongwuica. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tong & Brinkman |
Early Cretaceous |
A sinemydid cryptodiran, a species of Sinemys. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Kear |
Early or middle Albian |
A meiolaniid-like turtle. The type species is Spoochelys ormondea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gmira et al. |
Pliocene |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Sterli, de la Fuente & Cerda |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian to early Maastrichtian) |
A relative of meiolaniid. The type species is Trapalcochelys sulcata. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Hutchison |
Maastrichtian to early Paleocene (Puercan) |
A chelydrid. The type species is Tullochelys montanus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bourque |
Late Oligocene (early Arikareean) |
A kinosternid, a species of Xenochelys. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Brinkman et al. |
Late Middle or early Late Jurassic |
A species of Xinjiangchelys. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rabi et al. |
Middle Jurassic |
A species of Xinjiangchelys. |
Thalattosaurs
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhao et al. |
Triassic |
A thalattosaurid thalattosaur. The type species is Concavispina biseridens |
Ichthyopterygians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen et al. |
Early Triassic |
A species of Chaohusaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cuthbertson, Russell & Anderson |
Early Triassic |
A grippidian. The type species is Gulosaurus helmi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fischer et al. |
Early Cretaceous (late Hauterivian to Barremian) |
A basal member of Thunnosauria. The type species is Malawania anachronus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ji, Jiang & Motani in Yang et al. |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fröbisch et al. |
Middle Triassic |
A merriamosaur ichthyosaur. The type species is Thalattoarchon saurophagis |
Lepidosauromorphs
Newly named sauropterygians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Vincent, Bardet & Mattioli |
Pliensbachian |
A pliosaurid. The type species is Cryonectes neustriacus |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Disputed |
Hampe |
Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) |
A member of Plesiosauroidea of uncertain phylogenetic placement,[133] possibly a leptocleidid[132] or an elasmosaurid.[134] The type species is Gronausaurus wegneri. Sachs, Hornung & Kear (2016) considered it to be a junior synonym of Brancasaurus brancai.[133] |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Schumacher, Carpenter & Everhart |
Late Cretaceous (middle Turonian) |
A pliosaurid. The type species is Megacephalosaurus eulerti. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Neenan, Klein & Scheyer |
Early Middle Triassic |
A relative of placodonts. The type species is Palatodonta bleekeri. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Benson et al. |
Late Jurassic |
Kimmeridge Clay Formation |
A pliosaurid, a species of Pliosaurus |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Benson et al. |
Late Jurassic |
Kimmeridge Clay Formation |
A pliosaurid, a species of Pliosaurus |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Benson et al. |
Late Jurassic |
Kimmeridge Clay Formation |
A pliosaurid, a species of Pliosaurus |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Diedrich |
Middle Triassic (Anisian) |
A pachypleurosaur, a species of Serpianosaurus. |
Newly named rhynchocephalians
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez et al. |
Late Triassic |
An opisthodontian rhynchocephalian. The type species is Sphenotitan leyesi. |
Newly named lizards
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nydam, Rowe & Cifelli |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian, Judithian) |
A member of Scincomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Apsgnathus triptodon. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Houssaye et al. |
Early Cretaceous (Barremian or Aptian) |
Cameros Basin |
An anguimorph lizard, possibly a varanoid. The type species is Arcanosaurus ibericus. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Gauthier |
Early Eocene |
A member of Glyptosaurinae, a species of Arpadosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Head et al. |
Late middle Eocene (37.2 ± 1.3 Ma) |
An iguanian lizard related to the genus Uromastyx. The type species is Barbaturex morrisoni. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Nydam |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A member of Polyglyphanodontinae, a species of Bicuspidon. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Folie, Smith & Smith |
Early Eocene |
An amphisbaenian. The type species is Blanosaurus primeocaenus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Folie, Smith & Smith |
Late Paleocene |
An amphisbaenian. The type species is Camptognathosaurus parisiensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nydam, Rowe & Cifelli |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian, Judithian) |
A night lizard. The type species is Catactegenys solaster. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrich, Bhullar & Gauthier |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
A platynotan lizard of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Cemeterius monstrosus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nydam |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A member of Anguimorpha related to xenosaurids. The type species is Cnodontosaurus suchockii. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Junior homonym |
Nydam |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A member of Scincomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement, assigned by Nydam (2013) to an informal paramacellodid-cordylid grade.[143] The type species is Dakotasaurus gillettorum. The generic name turned out to be preoccupied by Dakotasaurus Branson & Mehl (1932); the lizard genus was subsequently renamed Dakotaseps.[147] |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Alifanov |
Late Cretaceous |
A phrynosomatid lizard. The type species is Desertiguana gobiensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Makádi |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian) |
A member of Polyglyphanodontinae. The type species is Distortodon rhomboideus. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Gauthier |
Early Eocene |
A relative of species belonging to the genus Xenosaurus. Genus contains two species: Entomophontes incrustatus and Entomophontes hutchisoni. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Páramo |
Campanian |
A mosasaur, a new species of Eonatator. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Gauthier |
Early Eocene |
A member of Glyptosaurinae, a species of Glyptosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rana et al. |
Early Eocene (early to middle Ypresian) |
A member of Priscagamidae. The type species is Heterodontagama borsukae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rana et al. |
Early Eocene (early to middle Ypresian) |
A member of Agamidae. The type species is Indiagama gujarata. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrich, Bhullar & Gauthier |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
A squamate of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Lamiasaura ferox. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrich, Bhullar & Gauthier |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
A scincomorph lizard of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Lonchisaurus trichurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nydam |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian) |
A member of Scincomorpha of uncertain phylogenetic placement, assigned by Nydam (2013) to an informal paramacellodid-cordylid grade.[143] The type species is Monocnemodon syphakos. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrich, Bhullar & Gauthier |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
A polyglyphanodontian lizard of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Obamadon gracilis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Nydam |
Late Cretaceous |
A member of Anguidae, a species of Odaxosaurus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Gauthier |
Early Eocene |
A night lizard, a species of Palaeoxantusia. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Gauthier |
Early Eocene |
A night lizard. Genus contains two species: Palepidophyma paradisa and Palepidophyma lilliputiana. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Nydam |
Late Cretaceous |
A member of Platynota of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a species of Parasaniwa. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrich, Bhullar & Gauthier |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
An iguanid lizard of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Pariguana lancensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Makádi |
Late Cretaceous (Santonian) |
A chamopsiid. The type species is Pelsochamops infrequens. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Čerňanský & Augé |
Late Oligocene |
A lacertid lizard, a species of Plesiolacerta. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Folie, Smith & Smith |
Early Paleocene |
An amphisbaenian. The type species is Polyodontobaena belgica. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Gauthier |
Early Eocene |
A relative of the Chinese crocodile lizard, a species of Provaranosaurus. |
||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Palci, Caldwell & Papazzoni |
Late Cretaceous (early Turonian to early Santonian) |
A mosasaur related to Russellosaurus and Yaguarasaurus. Genus contains two species: Romeosaurus fumanensis and Romeosaurus sorbinii. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Nydam, Chure & Evans |
Late Jurassic |
A replacement name for Schilleria Evans & Chure (1999). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Gauthier |
Early Eocene |
A member of Lacertiformes, a species of Scincoideus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrich, Bhullar & Gauthier |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
A chamopsiid polyglyphanodontian lizard, a species of Socognathus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rana et al. |
Early Eocene (early to middle Ypresian) |
A member of Agamidae. The type species is Suratagama neeraae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Gauthier |
Early Eocene |
A member of Pleurodonta, a species of Suzanniwana. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Disputed |
Čerňanský & Hutchinson |
Pliocene |
A blue-tongued skink. Possibly a junior synonym of Tiliqua frangens.[157] |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Nydam |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A contogeniid scincomorph, a species of Utahgenys. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nydam |
Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian) |
A scincomorph related to skinks. The type species is Webbsaurus lofgreni. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Smith & Gauthier |
Early Eocene |
A member of Glyptosaurinae, a species of Xestops. |
Newly named snakes
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Longrich, Bhullar & Gauthier |
Late Cretaceous (late Maastrichtian) |
An alethinophidian snake of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Cerberophis robustus. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Junior homonym |
Scanferla et al. |
Early Paleocene (Danian) |
A macrostomatan snake related to caenophidians. The type species is Kataria anisodonta. The generic name is preoccupied by Kataria Faubel (1983); Deshmukh et al. (2022) coined a replacement name Katariana.[159] |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Vasile, Csiki-Sava & Venczel |
Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) |
Haţeg Basin |
A madtsoiid. The type species is Nidophis insularis. |
Archosauromorphs
Newly named basal archosauromorphs
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Lucas, Spielmann & Hunt |
Late Triassic |
A doswelliid. The type species is Ankylosuchus chinlegroupensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nesbitt, Butler & Gower |
Middle Triassic (probably late Anisian) |
A non-archosaurian archosauriform of uncertain phylogenetic placement. The type species is Asperoris mnyama. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fraser, Rieppel & Chun |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
A protorosaur. The type species is Fuyuansaurus acutirostris. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Schoch & Sues |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
A doswelliid. The type species is Jaxtasuchus salomoni. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hungerbühler et al. |
Late Triassic |
A phytosaur, a species of Machaeroprosopus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Fraser & Furrer |
Middle Triassic (Ladinian) |
A protorosaur, a species of Macrocnemus. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Stocker |
Late Triassic |
A phytosaur; a new genus for "Paleorhinus" scurriensis Langston (1949). |
Archosaurs
Other reptiles
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Butler |
Late Triassic (late Carnian) |
A diapsid of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a new genus for "Francosuchus" trauthi Huene (1939). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Tsuji, Sobral & Müller |
Middle Triassic |
A procolophonoid parareptile, possibly an owenettid. The type species is Ruhuhuaria reiszi. |
Synapsids
Non-mammalian synapsids
Research
- The postcranial skeleton of therocephalian Ictidosuchoides is described by Heidi Fourie (2013).[170]
New taxa
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez, Fernandez & Alcober |
Late Triassic |
A member of Eucynodontia closely related to Ecteninion and Trucidocynodon. The type species is Diegocanis elegans. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Hopson |
Middle Triassic |
A traversodontid cynodont, a new genus for "Scalenodon" hirschsoni Crompton (1972). |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Castanhinha et al. |
Late Permian |
A kingoriid emydopoid dicynodont. The type species is Niassodon mfumukasi. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Berman et al. |
Early Permian |
A varanodontine varanopid. The type species is Tambacarnifex unguifalcatus. |
Mammals
Other animals
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Devaere, Clausen & Steiner in Devaere et al. |
Heraultia Limestone |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement, a low cap-shaped bilaterally symmetrical conch. The type species is A. rugosa. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang, Huang & Hu |
Cambrian |
A radiodont. Originally described as a species of Anomalocaris, but subsequently transferred to the amplectobeluid genus Guanshancaris.[177] |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Yang et al. |
Early Cambrian |
An animal of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a member of Cornulitida. The type species is Cambrocornulitus rarus. |
||||
|
Cephalodiscus? nusplingensis[179] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Schweigert & Dietl |
Possibly a pterobranch belonging to the genus Cephalodiscus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Yang et al. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Robson & Young |
Late Ordovician (middle Katian) |
A conulariid, a species of Conularia. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Yang et al. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Valent & Fatka |
Cambrian |
A member of Hyolitha (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Gracilitheca. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Valent, Fatka & Marek |
Cambrian |
A member of Hyolitha (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Gracilitheca. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Valent, Fatka & Marek |
Cambrian |
A member of Hyolitha, a species of Gracilitheca. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Duan & Dong |
A palaeoscolecid. The type species is H. campus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zatoń & Peck |
Carboniferous (late Mississippian) |
A member of Microconchida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zatoń, Taylor & Vinn |
Early Triassic |
A member of Microconchida (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs), a species of Microconchus. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Bizzarini |
A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and to the family Sestrostomellidae. The type species is "Cnemidium" variabile Münster (1841). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Valent, Fatka & Marek |
Cambrian |
A member of Hyolitha, a species of Nephrotheca. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Valent & Fatka |
Cambrian |
A member of Hyolitha, a species of Nephrotheca. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Manbo Formation |
A graptolite. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Duan & Dong |
A palaeoscolecid. The type species is O. hunanensis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Barth et al. |
Late Triassic |
A conulariid, a species of Paraconularia. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang, Huang & Hu |
Cambrian |
A member of Anomalocarididae (a group of animals with uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly stem-arthropods). The type species is Paranomalocaris multisegmentalis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pisera, Siver & Wolfe |
A sponge belonging to the family Potamolepidae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Copper, Stock & Jin |
Late Ordovician (Hirnantian) |
A stromatoporoid. Genus contains two species: Quasiaulacera stellata and Q. occidua. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Novozhilova |
Early Cambrian (Atdabanian) |
A member of Hyolitha (a group of animals of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly molluscs). The type species is Spinitheca sysoievi. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
García-Bellido, Paterson & Edgecombe |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bizzarini |
A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and to the family Sestrostomellidae. The type species is V. bertii. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Bizzarini |
A demosponge belonging to the group Agelasida and to the family Sestrostomellidae. The type species is W. stollae. |
Other organisms
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov. |
Valid |
Wicander & Playford |
An acritarch. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Matsunaga, Stockey & Tomescu |
Early Cretaceous (Valanginian-Hauterivian boundary) |
A heteromerous lichen. The type species is Honeggeriella complexa. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Muscente & Allmon |
Devonian (Frasnian) |
An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, argued by different authors to be a hydrozoan[196] or a Caulerpa-like alga.[197] |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Muscente & Allmon |
Silurian (Wenlock) |
An organism of uncertain phylogenetic placement, argued by different authors to be a hydrozoan[196] or a Caulerpa-like alga.[197] |
References
- ↑ 1,00 1,01 1,02 1,03 1,04 1,05 1,06 1,07 1,08 1,09 1,10 1,11 1,12 1,13 1,14 1,15 1,16 1,17 1,18 1,19 1,20 1,21 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,00 2,01 2,02 2,03 2,04 2,05 2,06 2,07 2,08 2,09 2,10 2,11 2,12 2,13 2,14 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,6 Шаблон:Cite journalШаблон:Dead link
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 12,0 12,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 13,0 13,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 16,2 16,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 17,0 17,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 20,00 20,01 20,02 20,03 20,04 20,05 20,06 20,07 20,08 20,09 20,10 20,11 20,12 20,13 20,14 20,15 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 26,0 26,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 31,0 31,1 31,2 31,3 31,4 31,5 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 32,0 32,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 40,0 40,1 40,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 41,00 41,01 41,02 41,03 41,04 41,05 41,06 41,07 41,08 41,09 41,10 41,11 41,12 41,13 41,14 41,15 41,16 41,17 41,18 41,19 41,20 41,21 41,22 41,23 41,24 41,25 41,26 41,27 41,28 41,29 41,30 41,31 41,32 41,33 41,34 41,35 41,36 41,37 41,38 41,39 41,40 41,41 41,42 41,43 41,44 41,45 41,46 41,47 41,48 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 45,0 45,1 45,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 47,0 47,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 53,0 53,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 59,0 59,1 59,2 59,3 59,4 59,5 59,6 59,7 59,8 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 60,0 60,1 60,2 60,3 60,4 60,5 60,6 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 61,0 61,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 65,0 65,1 65,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 66,0 66,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 67,0 67,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 71,00 71,01 71,02 71,03 71,04 71,05 71,06 71,07 71,08 71,09 71,10 71,11 71,12 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 84,0 84,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 86,0 86,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 87,0 87,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 89,0 89,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 96,0 96,1 96,2 96,3 96,4 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 98,0 98,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 102,0 102,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 106,0 106,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 132,0 132,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 133,0 133,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 134,0 134,1 134,2 134,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 139,0 139,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 141,0 141,1 141,2 141,3 141,4 141,5 141,6 141,7 141,8 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 143,0 143,1 143,2 143,3 143,4 143,5 143,6 143,7 143,8 143,9 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 144,0 144,1 144,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 145,0 145,1 145,2 145,3 145,4 145,5 145,6 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 146,0 146,1 146,2 146,3 146,4 146,5 146,6 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 151,0 151,1 151,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 176,0 176,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 180,0 180,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 182,0 182,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 183,0 183,1 183,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 184,0 184,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 187,0 187,1 187,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 196,0 196,1 196,2 196,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 197,0 197,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
