Английская Википедия:2014 in spaceflight
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:EngvarB Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Year in spaceflight Шаблон:TLS-L
In 2014, the maiden flight of the Angara A5, Antares 120 and Antares 130 took place.
A total of 92 orbital launches were attempted in 2014, of which 88 were successful, two were partially successful and two were failures. The year also saw seven EVAs by ISS astronauts. The majority of the year's orbital launches were conducted by Russia, the United States and China, with 34, 23 and 16 launches respectively. Шаблон:TOC limit
Overview
An Ariane 5 ES launched the Georges Lemaître Automated Transfer Vehicle, the last one of the series, which also marked 60 successfully completed Ariane 5 launches in a row.
On 22 August 2014, Arianespace launched the first two Full Operational Capability Galileo satellites for the European satellite navigation system.
A number of significant events in planetary exploration occurred in 2014, including the entry of the Rosetta spacecraft into orbit around the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in August 2014 and the deployment of the Philae lander to its surface in November, which marked the first orbit of and landing on a comet, respectively, and featured prominently in social media. Another notable occurrence was the entry of India's Mars Orbiter Mission into Martian orbit in September, making India the first Asian nation to reach Mars.
On 5 December 2014, a United Launch Alliance Delta IV Heavy launched the first Orion spacecraft test mission for NASA, Exploration Flight Test 1.
Orbital launches
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January
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February
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March
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April
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May
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June
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July
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August
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September
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October
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November
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December
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Suborbital flights
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Deep space rendezvous
Date (GMT) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
1 January | Cassini | 98th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
2 February | Cassini | 99th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
6 March | Cassini | 100th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
7 April | Cassini | 101st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
17 May | Cassini | 102nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
18 June | Cassini | 103rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
20 July | Cassini | 104th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
6 August | Rosetta | Шаблон:Nowrap | First artificial satellite of a comet. Initial orbit was Шаблон:Converthigh and was reduced to Шаблон:Convert until 10 September. |
10 August | ISEE-3/ICE | flyby of Earth and Moon | Closest approach Earth: Шаблон:Convert, closest approach Moon: Шаблон:Convert. |
21 August | Cassini | 105th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
21 September | Cassini | 106th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
22 September | MAVEN | Areocentric orbit injection | Preliminary orbit was Шаблон:Convert x Шаблон:Convert, inclined 75 deg to the equator. |
Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap | Areocentric orbit injection | India's first mission to Mars,[1] preliminary orbit was Шаблон:Convert x Шаблон:Convert, inclined 150 deg to the equator. |
23 October | Cassini | 107th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
28 October[2] | Chang'e 5-T1 | lunar flyby on a free return trajectory | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
12 November | Philae | Landing on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | First soft landing on a comet nucleus. Mission cut short when landing conditions resulted in its solar panels being out of position, depleting the lander's batteries. Data was still collected. |
10 December | Cassini | 108th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVAs)
Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Nowrap 14:00 |
6 hours Шаблон:Nowrap |
20:08 | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Flagicon Oleg Kotov | Installed High Resolution Camera (HRC) on SM Plane IV; installed Medium Resolution Camera (MRC) on SM Plane IV; photographed electrical connectors on ФП11 and ФП19 connector patch panels of SM; removed Worksite Interfaces (WIF) adaptor from SSRMS LEE B;
retrieved СКК #2-СО cassette container from DC-1.[3] |
23 April 13:56 |
1 hours Шаблон:Nowrap |
15:32 | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Flagicon Richard Mastracchio | Replaced failed Multiplexer/Demultiplexer (MDM) unit on S0 truss; also removed two lanyards from Secondary Power Distribution Assembly (SPDA) doors.[4][5] |
19 June 14:10 |
7 hours Шаблон:Nowrap |
21:33 | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Flagicon Alexander Skvortsov | Installed an automated phased antenna array used for the Russian command and telemetry system, relocated a part of the Obstanovka experiment that monitors charged particles and plasma in Low Earth Orbit, verifying the correct installation of the universal work platform (URM-D), taking samples from one of Zvezda's windows, and jettisoning an experiment frame.[6][7] |
18 August 14:02 |
5 hours Шаблон:Nowrap |
19:13 | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Flagicon Alexander Skvortsov | Released Chasqui-1 cubesat into space; installed experiment packages (EXPOSE-R2 biological experiment, Plume Impingement and Deposit Monitoring unit), retrieved experiments (Vinoslivost materials exposure panel, Biorisk biological experiment), replaced cassette on SKK experiment and attached a handrail on an antenna.[8][9] |
7 October 12:30 |
6 hours Шаблон:Nowrap |
18:43 | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Flagicon Reid Wiseman | Re-located a failed pump module to a permanent stowage position, installed a back-up power supply for the Mobile Transporter and replaced a light on the robotic arm.[10][11] |
15 October 12:16 |
6 hours Шаблон:Nowrap |
18:50 | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Flagicon Reid Wiseman | Replaced failed sequential shunt unit (SSU) for 3A power system, relocated articulating portable foot restraint/tool stanchion (APFR/TS), removed camera port (CP) 7, relocated wireless video system external transceiver assembly (WETA) from CP8 to CP11, installed external TV camera group at CP8.[12][13] |
22 October 13:28 |
3 hours Шаблон:Nowrap |
17:06 | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Flagicon Maksim Surayev | Removed and jettisoned Radiometriya experiment from Zvezda Plane II, removed EXPOSE-R experiment protective cover, took surface samples from Pirs extravehicular hatch 2 window (TEST experiment), removed and jettisoned two KURS attennas 2ACф1-1 and 2ACф1-2 from Poisk, photographed exterior of ISS Russian segment.[14][15] |
Orbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.
{{#invoke:Chart|pie chart
| radius = 120 | slices = ( 16 : China : red ) ( 7 : Europe : navy ) ( 4 : India : darkorange ) ( 1 : Israel : teal ) ( 4 : Japan : white ) ( 34 : Russia : brown ) ( 3 : Ukraine : yellow ) ( 23 : USA : blue ) | units suffix = | hide group legends = true
}}
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:CHN | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:EUR | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:IND | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:JPN | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:RUS | 34 | 31 | 1 | 2 | Includes four European Soyuz launches from Kourou, French Guiana by Arianespace | |
Шаблон:UKR | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | Zenit and Dnepr rockets were launched from Russia | |
Шаблон:USA | 23 | 22 | 1 | 0 | ||
World | 92 | 88 | 2 | 2 |
By rocket
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By family
Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara | Шаблон:RUS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Antares | Шаблон:USA | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Ariane | Шаблон:EUR | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | Шаблон:USA | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | Шаблон:USA | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | Шаблон:USA | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
H-II | Шаблон:JPN | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou | Шаблон:CHN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | Шаблон:CHN | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | Шаблон:RUS | 22 | 21 | 0 | 1 | |
R-36 | Шаблон:UKR | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
ILV | Шаблон:IND | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | Шаблон:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | Шаблон:RUS | 11 | 9 | 1 | 1 | |
Vega | Шаблон:EUR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit | Шаблон:UKR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By type
Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara A5 | Шаблон:RUS | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Antares | Шаблон:USA | Antares | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 | Шаблон:EUR | Ariane | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | Шаблон:USA | Atlas | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | Шаблон:UKR | R-36 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | Шаблон:USA | Falcon | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
GSLV | Шаблон:IND | ILV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou 1 | Шаблон:CHN | Kuaizhou | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | Шаблон:JPN | H-II | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | Шаблон:RUS | Universal Rocket | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | |
PSLV | Шаблон:IND | ILV | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | Шаблон:ISR | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz | Шаблон:RUS | R-7 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | Шаблон:RUS | R-7 | 14 | 13 | 0 | 1 | |
UR-100 | Шаблон:RUS | Universal Rocket | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Шаблон:EUR | Vega | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit | Шаблон:UKR | Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara A5 / Briz-M | Шаблон:RUS | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Antares 120 | Шаблон:USA | Antares | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Antares 130 | Шаблон:USA | Antares | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Ariane 5 ECA | Шаблон:EUR | Ariane 5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 ES | Шаблон:EUR | Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 541 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta II 7320 | Шаблон:USA | Delta II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | Шаблон:USA | Delta IV | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | Шаблон:USA | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Dnepr | Шаблон:UKR | Dnepr | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 v1.1 | Шаблон:USA | Falcon 9 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
GSLV Mk II | Шаблон:IND | GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | First successful launch |
H-IIA 202 | Шаблон:JPN | H-IIA | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuahzhou 1 | Шаблон:CHN | Kuaizhou 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2C | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3A | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C/E | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 4B | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 4 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 4 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | Шаблон:RUS | Proton | 8 | 6 | 1 | 1 | |
PSLV-CA | Шаблон:IND | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | Шаблон:IND | PSLV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | Шаблон:RUS | UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit-2 | Шаблон:ISR | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A / Fregat-M | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz ST-B / Fregat-MT | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 1 | |
Soyuz-FG | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Strela | Шаблон:RUS | UR-100 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Шаблон:EUR | Vega | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Zenit-3SL | Шаблон:UKR | Zenit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
By spaceport
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart | float = center | width = 800 | height = 400 | stack = 1 | group 1 = 8:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 2 = 6:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 3 = 2:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 4 = 0:11:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 5 = 0:0: 4:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 6 = 0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0 | group 7 = 0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0 | group 8 = 0:0:0:0:0: 4:0:0:0 | group 9 = 0:0:0:0:0: 0:0:0:0 | group 10 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:21:0:0 | group 11 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 2:0 | group 12 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 9:0 | group 13 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:16 | group 14 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 0 | group 15 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 3 | group 16 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 4 | colors = FireBrick : Crimson : LightCoral : MediumBlue : Orange : Aquamarine : LightBlue : MediumPurple : Plum : LightSeaGreen : DarkGreen : SteelBlue : Blue : DodgerBlue : DeepSkyBlue : SkyBlue | group names = Jiuquan : Taiyuan : Xichang : Kourou : Satish Dhawan : Ocean Odyssey : Palmachim : Tanegashima : Uchinoura : Baikonur : Dombarovsky : Plesetsk : Cape Canaveral : Kennedy : MARS : Vandenberg | x legends = China : France : India : International waters : Israel : Japan : Kazakhstan : Russia : United States | units suffix = _launches }}
Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | Шаблон:KAZ | 21 | 19 | 1 | 1 | |
Cape Canaveral | Шаблон:USA | 16 | 16 | 0 | 0 | |
Dombarovsky | Шаблон:RUS | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | Шаблон:CHN | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | Шаблон:FRA | 11 | 10 | 0 | 1 | |
MARS | Шаблон:USA | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Ocean Odyssey | Шаблон:Flagicon International waters | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Palmachim | Шаблон:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | Шаблон:RUS | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | Шаблон:IND | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | Шаблон:CHN | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | Шаблон:JPN | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | Шаблон:USA | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Xichang | Шаблон:CHN | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 92 | 88 | 2 | 2 |
By orbit
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart
| float = center
| width = 800
| height = 400
| stack = 1
| group 1 = 1:0:0:0:0:0
| group 2 = 0:12:0:0:0:0
| group 3 = 0:13:0:0:0:0
| group 4 = 0:23:0:0:0:0
| group 5 = 0: 0:0:0:0:0
| group 6 = 0:0:12:0:0:0
| group 7 = 0:0:0:27:0:0
| group 8 = 0:0:0: 0:0:0
| group 9 = 0:0:0:0: 1:0
| group 10 = 0:0:0:0:0: 1
| colors = DeepSkyBlue: Navy : MediumBlue : RoyalBlue : DodgerBlue : LightSeaGreen : SaddleBrown : Peru : Black: Gold
| group names = Transatmospheric : Low Earth : Low Earth (ISS) : Low Earth (SSO) : Low Earth (retrograde) : Medium Earth : Geosychronous
(transfer) : Inclined GSO : High Earth : Heliocentric
| x legends = Transatmospheric : Low Earth : Medium Earth : Geosynchronous / transfer : High Earth : Heliocentric
| units suffix = _launches
}}
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Deployed into a transatmospheric orbit via low and medium Earth orbits |
Low Earth | 49 | 48 | 1 | 0 | 14 to ISS (1 failure) |
Medium Earth / Molniya | 12 | 12 | 0 | 0 | |
Geosynchronous / GTO | 28 | 27 | 1 | 0 | |
High Earth / Lunar transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric / Planetary transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 92 | 90 | 2 | 0 |
References
Footnotes
Шаблон:TLS-L Шаблон:Orbital launches in 2014 Шаблон:2014 in space Шаблон:Portal bar