Английская Википедия:2015 Venezuelan parliamentary election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox election

Parliamentary elections were held in Venezuela on 6 December 2015[1] to elect the 164 deputies and three indigenous representatives of the National Assembly. They were the fourth parliamentary elections to take place after the 1999 constitution, which abolished the bicameral system in favour of a unicameral parliament, and the first to take place after the death of President Hugo Chávez. Despite predictions from the opposition of a possible last-minute cancellation, the elections took place as scheduled, with the majority of polls showing the Democratic Unity Roundtable (MUD) holding a wide lead over the ruling United Socialist Party of Venezuela (PSUV) and its wider alliance, the Great Patriotic Pole (GPP).

The political landscape leading up to the elections was heavily influenced by the severe economic crisis faced by the country, as well as a series of protests that took place in 2014, after which former Chacao mayor and leader of Popular Will, Leopoldo López, was detained and sentenced to 14 years in prison. The scarcity of basic goods and high inflation were the central topics of discussion, with each party blaming their opponent as the cause. Introducing economic policies to counter the crisis, as well as granting amnesty to political prisoners, was the main campaign pledge of the MUD. The ruling PSUV, on the other hand, ran a campaign focused on overcoming what they called an "economic war" led by the right-wing against the Venezuelan people, as well as defending the legacy of Chávez and the social policies introduced during his presidency.

The result was a decisive defeat for the PSUV, which lost control of the Assembly for the first time since 1999.[2] The MUD, composed of politicians opposed to the government of both Chávez and his successor, won 109 seats, and with the support of the three indigenous representatives, gained a supermajority of 112 seats against 55 won by the GPP. In terms of popular vote, the MUD received 7.7 million votes, an increase of 2.4 million from the 2010 elections, becoming the most voted party in Venezuelan electoral history. In comparison, the GPP only managed to gain an additional 200,000 votes, to total 5.6 million votes.

Background

Since the 1999 Constitutional Assembly elections, the National Assembly was dominated by alliances supportive of President Hugo Chávez. In the 2005 parliamentary elections, most opposition parties decided to withdraw, resulting in all seats being won by the Fifth Republic Movement and other parties supportive of Chávez. For the 2010 elections, an alliance of opposition parties was formed by the Democratic Unity Roundtable to contest the elections, and managed to win 64 seats. The PSUV, which was an alliance formed by Chávez from the Fifth Republic Movement and a number of smaller parties, won 96 seats, maintaining their majority, but lost their two-thirds and three-fifths supermajority. Fatherland for All, a small left-wing party, won two seats.[3] After Chávez's death in 2013, his hand-picked successor Maduro was narrowly elected president, continuing Chávez' ideological influence.[4] In 2015, the Democratic Unity Roundtable alliance aimed to improve its result from last time and end the incumbent PSUV government,[5] while Maduro said he had faith in the voters giving the government a large majority.[6]

Protests

Шаблон:Main In 2014, a series of protests and demonstrations began in Venezuela. The protests have been attributed to inflation, violence and shortages in Venezuela. The protests have been largely peaceful,[7] though some have escalated and resulted in violence from both protesters and government forces. The government has accused the protests of being motivated by 'fascists' opposition leaders, capitalism and foreign influence,[8] and has itself been accused of censorship, supporting groups called colectivos using violence against protesters and politically motivated arrests.[9]

Electoral system

Starting from 2015, the 167 members of the National Assembly were elected by a mixed majoritarian system; 113 members were elected by First-past-the-post voting in 87 constituencies. A total of 51 seats were elected by closed list proportional representation based on the 23 states and the Capital District. Seats were allocated using the d'Hondt method. The remaining three seats were reserved for indigenous peoples, and were elected by the community.Шаблон:Citation needed

The opposition coalition held primaries on 17 May in 33 of the 87 electoral districts, choosing candidates for 42 seats; 125 additional candidates were expected to be hand-picked by 'consensus' among party leaders,[10] though the rules were later changed to require 40% of opposition candidates to be women and barred some popular opposition candidates from running, a move that experts called unconstitutional.[11] The PSUV held primaries in all 87 electoral districts on 28 June with the Bolivarian government stating there was a participation of 3,162,400 voters,Шаблон:Citation needed though some observing the primaries noticed a large decrease of voters to less than 1 million participating, or about 10% of PSUV members.[11]

Opinion polls

Graphical summary

Файл:2015 Venezuelan parliamentary polls.png
The blue line represents percentage that favor MUD. The red line represents percentage that favor PSUV. Unfilled dots represent individual results of the polls seen below.

Poll results are listed in the tables below in chronological order and using the date the survey's fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. If such date is unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour.

Polling firm Fieldwork date Sample
size 		PSUV/GPP MUD Others Don't know Lead
Style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | Style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |
IVAD[12][13] 29 September 2014 800 27.6% 45.2% – 27.2% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |17.6%
Consultores 21[13] 21 September – 2 October 2014 1000 33% 48% – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |15%
Datanálisis[14] October 2014 1293 21.0% 38.9% 12.9% 17.5% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |17.9%
Datanálisis[14] November 2014 1300 18.8% 39.8% 15.5% 17.5% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |21%
VARIANZAS[15][16] 8–23 December 2014 1200 30.3% 43.9% 4.9% [note 1] 20.9% [note 2] Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |13.6%
Datanálisis[14] January 2015 1000 17.3% 45.9% 13.8% 17.4% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |28.6%
Keller y Asociados[17] January 2015 1200 44% 56% – – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |12%
Meganalisis[18] 25 January 2015 – 21.0% 29.0% – 26.8% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |8%
Datanálisis[19] February 2015 ? 22.5% 59.6% 17.9% – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |37.1%
ICS[20] 10–20 February 2015 1300 43.6% 31.6% – 24.8% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" | 12%
DatinCorp[21] 8 February 2015 1200 23.83% 47.83% – 17%[note 3] Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |24%
Datanálisis[14][22] March 2015 1000 19.0% 42.6% 8.8% 21.3% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |23.6%
Keller y Asociados[23] 26 February – 13 March 2015 1200 31% 42% 11% 16% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |11%
Datanálisis[14] April 2015 1000 25.0% 45.8% 6.5% 16.5% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |20.8%
VARIANZAS[24] 19 March – 2 April 2015 1200 33.7% 46.1% 7.8% 12.5% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |12.4%
UCAB/Delphos[25] 10–25 April 2015 1200 15.5% 39.2% – 45.7% [note 4] Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |23.7%
Hercón[26] 1–15 May 2015 1200 28% 52% – 19.8% [note 5] Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |24%
DatinCorp[27] May 2015 1200 18% 48% 21% 14%[note 3] Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |30%
Datanálisis[28] 18–30 May 2015 1000 21.3% 40.1% 10.0% 28.6% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |18.8%
Meganalisis[18] 30 May 2015 – 19.5% 17.6% – 28.7% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" | 1.9%
IVAD[29] 28 May – 11 June 2015 1200 20.8% 32.6% 27.6 19% [note 6] Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |11.8%
Datanálisis[30] June 2015 ? 27% 61% 12% – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |34%
Hercón[31] 20–27 June 2015 2000 28.1% 61.1% – 10.5% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |33%
ICS[32] 6–27 July 2015 8000
Шаблон:Nowrap 		45.3% 37.6% – 17.1% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" | 7.7%
Datanálisis[14][33] 10–23 July 2015 999 19.2% 42.2% 11.8% 17.5% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |23%
DatinCorp[34] July 2015 1197 20% 42% 14% 23% [note 7] Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |22%
Meganalisis[35] August 2015 – 16.3% 42.4% – 13.0% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |26.1%
IVAD[36] 8–16 August 2015 1200 19.3% 57.9% – 22.8% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |38.6%
Keller y Asociados[37] 19 August – 5 September 2015 1200 27% 53% 11% 9% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |26%
Datanálisis[38] September 2015 – 21% 44% 35% – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |23%
DatinCorp[39] September 2015 – 20% 53% – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |33%
Delphos September 2015 – 20% 50% 20% 10% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |30%
Meganalisis[35] September 2015 – 26.7% 37.6% – 35.7% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |10.9%
Venebarómetro/IVAD[40] 5–15 September 2015 1200 17.1% 38.3% 28.0% 16.7% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |21.2%
Hercon[41] 13–16 September 2015 1000 22.3% 60.1% 13.0% 4.6% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |37.8%
Consultores 21[42] 4–20 September 2015 – 35.8% 57.8% 3.7% – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |22%
Hercon[43] 5–20 September 2015 1200 30.3% 62.3% – 7.3% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |32%
Consultores 21[44] October 2015 – 34% 55% – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |21%
Datanálisis[45] October 2015 – 28.2% 63.2% – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |35%
DatinCorp[46] October 2015 – 20% 47% – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |27%
DatinCorp[47] October 2015 – 39% 56% – Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |17%
IVAD[48] October 2015 – 22.1% 41.8% [note 1] Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |19.7%
Venebarómetro[49] 11 October 2015 – 19.9% 43.7% – 26.5% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |23.8%
Keller y Asociados[50] 5–15 November 2015 1200 25% 59% 11% 6% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |34%
IVAD[51] 10–20 November 2015 1200 27.8% 43.0% 11.3% 17.8% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |15.2%
Venebarómetro[52] 8–22 November 2015 1200 27.6% 42.7% 11.1% 18.7% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |15.1%
Hercón[53] 10–25 November 2015 1200 31.6% 60.1% – 8.2% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |28.5%
Meganalisis[54] 18–26 November 2015 1200 28% 63% 6% 3% Style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white" |35%

Conduct

Leading up to the elections, serious issues have been raised about its fairness and credibility.[55] On 10 October 2015, Brazil pulled out of a UNASUR electoral mission to observe the Venezuelan election over what it said a lack of guarantees by the socialist government and its veto of the choice to head the delegation.[56] In a statement on 10 November 2015, Secretary General of the Organization of American States Luis Almagro condemned Venezuela's electoral process, explaining that the ruling party, PSUV, has an unfair advantage with its ability to use public assets, media access, creating dubious voting sheets and by disqualifying opposition politicians, stating that "It's worrying that ... the difficulties only impact the opposition parties".[57]

After the election, the opposition MUD coalition was accused of vote-buying in the state of Amazonas.Шаблон:Citation needed The Supreme Court suspended all four Amazonas delegates (one socialist and three opposition).[58] As of May 2018, these claims have not been proven.[59]

Results

Файл:Venezuela2015list.png
Results of the list vote by state.

The MUD won 109 of the 164 general seats and all three indigenous seats, which gave them a supermajority in the National Assembly, while the GPP won the remaining 55 seats. Voter turnout was just over 74 percent.[1]

The Great Patriotic Pole coalition led by the PSUV received 5,625,248 votes (40.92%) in the party-list vote. A total of 29 parties were members of the coalition, although six of them ran separately in some states.

Шаблон:Election results

List vote by state

States/districts won by the MUD
States/districts won by the GPP
State MUD GPP Others Margin State total
Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %
Capital District 662,926 57.23% 460,871 39.79% 34,443 2.97% 202,055 17.45% 1,158,240
Amazonas 33,069 49.81% 30,868 46.49% 2,447 3.69% 2,201 3.32% 66,384
Anzoátegui 451,973 59.34% 288,789 37.91% 20,890 2.74% 163,184 21.43% 761,652
Apure 93,666 44.79% 110,834 53.00% 4,611 2.21% −17,168 −8.21% 209,111
Aragua 468,964 54.07% 375,304 43.27% 22,975 2.75% 94,660 10.80% 867,243
Barinas 217,630 55.68% 166,471 42.59% 6,694 1.71% 51,159 13.09% 390,795
Bolívar 387,771 59.57% 242,849 37.30% 20,309 3.12% 144,922 22.26% 650,929
Carabobo 644,642 58.57% 439,195 39.91% 16,619 1.51% 205,447 18.67% 1,100,456
Cojedes 77,395 46.39% 87,585 52.50% 1,826 1.09% −10,190 −6.11% 166,806
Delta Amacuro 27,087 36.20% 43,813 58.55% 3,922 5.24% −16,726 −22.35% 74,822
Falcón 252,620 54.14% 196,425 42.10% 17,484 3.75% 56,195 12.05% 466,529
Guárico 168,934 48.35% 175,857 50.33% 4,588 1.31% −6,923 −1.98% 349,379
Lara 504,122 54.67% 388,685 42.15% 29,184 3.17% 115,437 12.52% 921,991
Mérida 280,251 63.33% 145,585 32.89% 16,676 3.77% 134,666 30.43% 442,512
Miranda 838,292 58.96% 546,718 38.45% 36,762 2.59% 291,574 20.51% 1,421,772
Monagas 227,635 51.55% 201,182 45.56% 12,705 2.88% 26,453 5.99% 441,522
Nueva Esparta 151,122 60.89% 93,365 37.62% 3,692 1.49% 57,757 23.27% 248,179
Portuguesa 186,905 43.96% 228,409 53.72% 9,833 2.31% −41,504 −9.76% 424,774
Sucre 201,753 49.04% 196,080 47.66% 13,548 3.29% 5,673 1.38% 411,381
Táchira 392,709 65.55% 175,103 29.23% 31,229 5.21% 217,606 36.33% 599,041
Trujillo 180,300 49.48% 168,503 46.25% 15,525 4.26% 11,797 3.24% 364,328
Vargas 99,734 52.27% 85,453 44.78% 5,609 2.94% 14,281 7.48% 190,796
Yaracuy 148,481 48.09% 156,601 50.71% 3,674 1.19% −8,120 −2.63% 308,756
Zulia 1,030,044 60.24% 620,703 36.30% 58,932 3.45% 409,341 23.94% 1,709,679
Total 7,728,025 56.21% 5,625,248 40.92% 394,177 2.87% 2,102,777 15.30% 13,747,450
Source: CNE

Elected representatives

N.º Representative State Party
1 Nirma Guarulla Amazonas MUD
2 Julio Haron Ygarza Amazonas MUD
3 Luis Carlos Padilla Anzoátegui MUD
4 Antonio Barreto Sira Anzoátegui MUD
5 Jose Brito Anzoátegui MUD
6 Chaim Bucaran Anzoátegui MUD
7 Carlos Michelangeli Anzoátegui MUD
8 Richard Arteaga Anzoátegui MUD
9 Armando Armas Anzoátegui MUD
10 Luis Lippa Apure MUD
11 Dinorah Figuera Aragua MUD
12 Ismael García Aragua MUD
13 José Trujillo Aragua MUD
14 Amelia Belisario Aragua MUD
15 Melva Paredes Aragua MUD
16 Karin Salanova Aragua MUD
17 Simon Calzadilla Aragua MUD
18 Mariela Magallanes Aragua MUD
19 Julio Cesar Reyes Barinas MUD
20 Freddy Superlano Barinas MUD
21 Adolfo Superlano Barinas MUD
22 Maribel Guedez Barinas MUD
23 Andres Eloy Camejo Barinas MUD
24 Angel Medina Bolívar MUD
25 Luis Silva Bolívar MUD
26 Olivia Lozano Bolívar MUD
27 Francisco Sucre Bolívar MUD
28 José Prat Bolívar MUD
29 Freddy Valera Bolívar MUD
30 Amerigo de Grazia Bolívar MUD
31 Carlos Berrizbeitia Carabobo MUD
32 Juan Miguel Matheus Carabobo MUD
33 Ylidio de Abreu Carabobo MUD
34 Williams Gil Carabobo MUD
35 Angel Alvarez Carabobo MUD
36 Marco Bozo Carabobo MUD
37 Romny Flores Carabobo MUD
38 Carlos Lozano Carabobo MUD
39 Dennis Fernández Cojedes MUD
40 José Antonio España Delta Amacuro MUD
41 Gregorio Graterol Falcón MUD
42 Luis Stefanelli Falcón MUD
43 Eliezer Sirit Falcón MUD
44 Juan Manaure Falcón MUD
45 Carlos Prosperi Guárico MUD
46 Edgar Zambrano Lara MUD
47 María Perez Lara MUD
48 Bolivia Suarez Lara MUD
49 Luis Florido Lara MUD
50 Alfonso Marquina Lara MUD
51 Teodoro Campos Lara MUD
52 Milagro Valero Mérida MUD
53 Alexis Paparoni Mérida MUD
54 Addy Valero Mérida MUD
55 Williams Davila Mérida MUD
56 Carlos Paparoni Mérida MUD
57 Julio Borges Miranda MUD
58 Luis Moreno Miranda MUD
59 Delsa Solorzano Miranda MUD
60 Freddy Guevara Miranda MUD
61 Miguel Pizarro Miranda MUD
62 Adriana D'Elia Miranda MUD
63 Rafael Guzman Miranda MUD
64 José Aparicio Monagas MUD
65 Pierre Maroun Monagas MUD
66 María Hernandez Monagas MUD
67 Juan Pablo García Monagas MUD
68 Tobias Bolívar Nueva Esparta MUD
69 Luis Emilio Rondón Nueva Esparta MUD
70 Orlando Avila Nueva Esparta MUD
71 Jony Rahal Nueva Esparta MUD
72 María Martinez Portuguesa MUD
73 Robert Alcala Sucre MUD
74 José Noriega Sucre MUD
75 Milagros Paz Sucre MUD
76 Ezequiel Perez Táchira MUD
77 Sonia Medina Táchira MUD
78 Laidy Gomez Táchira MUD
79 Gaby Arellano Táchira MUD
80 Juan Requesens Táchira MUD
81 Sergio Vergara Táchira MUD
82 Carlos Gonzalez Trujillo MUD
83 Conrado Perez Trujillo MUD
84 José Olivares Vargas MUD
85 Milagros Eulate Vargas MUD
86 Juan Guaidó Vargas MUD
87 Biagio Pilieri Yaracuy MUD
88 Luis Parra Yaracuy MUD
89 Enrique Marquez Zulia MUD
90 Timoteo Zambrano Zulia MUD
91 Omar Barboza Zulia MUD
92 Avilio Troconiz Zulia MUD
93 Elimar Díaz Zulia MUD
94 Nora Bracho Zulia MUD
95 Elías Matta Zulia MUD
96 Juan Pablo Guanipa Zulia MUD
97 William Barrientos Zulia MUD
98 José Luis Pirela Zulia MUD
99 Hernán Alemán Zulia MUD
100 Juan Carlos Velazco Zulia MUD
101 Freddy Paz Zulia MUD
102 Tomás Guanipa Distrito Capital MUD
103 Jesús Abreu Distrito Capital MUD
104 Marialbert Barrios Distrito Capital MUD
105 Jorge Millan Distrito Capital MUD
106 Henry Ramos Allup Distrito Capital MUD
107 José Guerra Distrito Capital MUD
108 Richard Blanco Distrito Capital MUD
109 Stalin Gonzalez Distrito Capital MUD
110 Virgilio Ferrer Indigenous Representative West Region MUD
111 Gladys Guaipo Indigenous Representative East Region MUD
112 Romel Guzamana Indigenous Representative South Region MUD
1 Miguel Tadeo Amazonas PSUV
2 Earle Herrera Anzoátegui PSUV
3 Cristobal Jiménez Apure PSUV
4 Domingo Santana Apure PSUV
5 Gerson Vizcaino Apure PSUV
6 Hector Zambrano Apure PSUV
7 Ricardo Molina Aragua PSUV
8 Asdrubal Chávez Barinas PSUV
9 Hector Rodríguez Bolívar PSUV
10 Saúl Ortega Carabobo PSUV
11 Hector Agüero Carabobo PSUV
12 Cilia Flores Cojedes PSUV
13 Jorge Pérez Cojedes PSUV
14 Nosliw Rodríguez Cojedes PSUV
15 Pedro Carreño Delta Amacuro PSUV
16 Carlos Gomez Delta Amacuro PSUV
17 Amado Heredia Delta Amacuro PSUV
18 Victor Clark Falcón PSUV
19 Jesús Montilla Falcón PSUV
20 Oscar Figuera Guárico PSUV
21 Christopher Constant Guárico PSUV
22 Eustoquio Contreras Guárico PSUV
23 Juan Marín Guárico PSUV
24 Roger Cordero Lara Guárico PSUV
25 Carmen Meléndez Lara PSUV
26 Julio Chávez Lara PSUV
27 German Ferrer Lara PSUV
28 Ramón Lobo Mérida PSUV
29 Haiman El Troudi Miranda PSUV
30 Nora Delgado Miranda PSUV
31 Elías Jaua Miranda PSUV
32 Genkerve Tovar Miranda PSUV
33 Elio Serrano Miranda PSUV
34 Diosdado Cabello Monagas PSUV
35 Hugo Carvajal Monagas PSUV
36 Dinorah Villasmil Nueva Esparta PSUV
37 Rafael Calles Portuguesa PSUV
38 Mariana Lerin Portuguesa PSUV
39 Luis Soteldo Portuguesa PSUV
40 Willian Perez Portuguesa PSUV
41 Francisco Torrealba Portuguesa PSUV
42 Gilberto Pinto Sucre PSUV
43 Edwin Rojas Sucre PSUV
44 Rafael Rodríguez Sucre PSUV
45 José Sanguino Táchira PSUV
46 Hugbel Roa Trujillo PSUV
47 Yolmar Gudiño Trujillo PSUV
48 Loengri Matheus Trujillo PSUV
49 Dario Vivas Vargas PSUV
50 Yul Jabour Yaracuy PSUV
51 Carlos Gamarra Yaracuy PSUV
52 Haydee Huerfano Yaracuy PSUV
53 Omar Prieto Zulia PSUV
54 Sergio Fuenmayor Zulia PSUV
55 Tania Díaz Distrito Capital PSUV

Reactions

Domestic

According to the Associated Press, celebrations and fireworks could be heard in the streets of Caracas following the MUD victory.[60] In a speech following the results, President Maduro acknowledged his party's defeat, saying that, despite these "adverse results", Venezuela's democracy and constitution had triumphed; while calling for peace, re-evaluation, he attributed the opposition's victory to an intensification of the "economic war".[60][61] A defiant Maduro said he would give no quarter to the Venezuelan opposition in spite of his own party's crushing defeat in last weekend's mid-term parliamentary elections. Maduro vowed to block "the counter-revolutionary right" from taking over the country. "We won't let it," he said.[2] The leader of the MUD, Jesús Torrealba, told supporters after their party's victory that "The country wants change and that change is beginning today".[60] Henrique Capriles Radonski, a leading opposition politician, stated "The results are as we hoped. Venezuela has won. It's irreversible".[61]

International

Venezuelan bonds grew across the board about one to three cents after the announcement of MUD's victory in the elections, with one researcher at Exotix brokerage stating, "It's better than we expected. Polls suggested a victory but whether that translated into seats was another question. Also, (the government) seem to have accepted the result".[62]

Mauricio Macri, president-elect of Argentina, had announced that he would request to remove Venezuela from Mercosur, as the government was not respecting democratic doctrines. He declined this plan when Maduro acknowledged the defeat of his party.[63] However, a year after the election, on 1 December 2016, Venezuela was suspended from Mercosur.[64]

Notes

Шаблон:Reflist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

Шаблон:Venezuelan elections

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
Хостинг
Разное

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