Английская Википедия:2016 in spaceflight
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Year in spaceflight Шаблон:TLS-L
Several new rockets and spaceports began operations in 2016. Шаблон:Toclimit
Overview
Russia inaugurated the far-Eastern Vostochny Cosmodrome on 28 April 2016 with a traditional Soyuz-2.1a flight,[1] before expanding it for the Angara rocket family in the following years. The Chinese Long March 7 flew its maiden flight from the new Wenchang Satellite Launch Center on Hainan Island on 25 June, and the maiden flight of the Long March 5 took place on 3 November. Two years after its 2014 accident, the Antares rocket returned to flight on 17 October with its upgraded 230 version featuring the Russian RD-181 engine.
After many failed attempts, SpaceX began landing its Falcon 9 first stages on autonomous spaceport drone ships, edging closer to their long-stated goal of developing reusable launch vehicles. The company indicated that the recovered engines and structures did not suffer significant damage.[2] One of the landed boosters, B1021, launched in April 2016, was flown again in March 2017;[3] two others were converted to side boosters for the maiden flight of Falcon Heavy.[4]
The ExoMars mission, a collaboration between the European and Russian space agencies, was launched on 14 March and reached Mars on 19 October.[5] Dedicated to astrobiology investigations, this flight carried the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, which reached Mars orbit, and the Schiaparelli EDM lander, which crashed upon landing. A subsequent flight scheduled for 2020 will carry the ExoMars Rosalind Franklin rover along with four static surface instruments.[6] Meanwhile, the Japanese space probe Akatsuki started its observations of Venus in May[7] after spending five months gradually adjusting its orbit. Planetary exploration activities took center stage with the orbit insertion of NASA's Juno probe at Jupiter on 4 July, followed by the launch of NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission to asteroid 101955 Bennu on 8 September. Finally, on 30 September, the Rosetta probe executed a slow crash-landing on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko.[8][9]
Human spaceflights included the return of Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko in March after a yearlong mission on the ISS, the longest-ever continuous stay by astronauts at the station. Kelly also set the record for the longest-duration stay of an American in orbit. Four ISS Expeditions numbered 47 to 50 were launched in 2016, the first one using the last Soyuz TMA-M spacecraft and the next three inaugurating the modernized Soyuz MS. Expedition 50 will continue into 2017. Several EVAs were performed to maintain the exterior of the ISS. The experimental BEAM inflatable habitat was attached to the ISS on 16 April and expanded on 28 May to begin two years of on-orbit tests. Meanwhile, China launched its new Tiangong-2 space laboratory in September, which was first visited by two astronauts for a month between 19 October and 17 November.
Orbital launches
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January
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February
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March
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April
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May
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June
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July
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August
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September
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October
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November
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December
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Suborbital flights
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Deep space rendezvous
Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
14 January | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert.[10] |
15 January[11] | Cassini | 116th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
31 January | Cassini | 117th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
16 February | Cassini | 118th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
4 April | Cassini | 119th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: 990 kilometres (615 mi). |
6 May | Cassini | 120th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
7 June | Cassini | 121st flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
4 July[12] | Juno | Orbit injection around Jupiter (jovicentric) | First solar-powered Jovian probe, second orbiter. |
4 July | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
25 July | Cassini | 122nd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
10 August | Cassini | 123rd flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
27 August | Juno | Шаблон:Nowrap | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert.[13] |
26 September | Cassini | 124th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
30 September | Rosetta | Landing on 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko | Probe was programmed to deactivate its thrusters and radio transmissions after landing. |
19 October | Шаблон:Nowrap (ExoMars 2016) | Orbit injection around Mars (areocentric) | |
19 October | Schiaparelli (ExoMars 2016) | Landing on Mars, Meridiani Planum | Probe entered Martian atmosphere intact, but contact was lost 50 seconds before expected landing.[14] NASA's MRO later identified the Schiaparelli crash site at coordinates Шаблон:Coord, confirming the loss of the lander.[15] |
19 October | Juno | 2nd perijove | Period Reduction Maneuver[16] originally planned, but delayed due to valve issues.[17] The maneuver was later cancelled entirely in favor of remaining in a 53-day orbit.[18] |
13 November | Cassini | 125th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
16 November | Mars Express | Flyby of Phobos | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
29 November | Cassini | 126th flyby of Titan | Closest approach: Шаблон:Convert. |
11 December | Juno | 3rd perijove |
Extra-vehicular activities (EVAs)
Start date/time | Duration | End time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
15 January 13:48 |
4 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 18:31 | Шаблон:Nowrap ISS Quest |
Шаблон:Plainlist | Replaced a failed voltage regulator responsible for shutting down one of the station's eight power channels in November 2015, and routed cables in support of the installation of the International Docking Adaptor. EVA terminated two hours early due to water leakage in Kopra's helmet, but the primary task was accomplished.[19] |
3 February 12:55 |
4 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 17:40 | Шаблон:Nowrap ISS Pirs |
Шаблон:Plainlist | Deployed a commemorative flash drive, took samples of module exteriors, installed handrails for use in future EVAs, retrieved an astrobiology experiment, deployed a materials science experiment, and tested a tool for applying coatings to module exteriors.[20] |
19 August 12:04 |
5 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 18:02 | Шаблон:Nowrap ISS Quest |
Шаблон:Plainlist | The astronauts installed the International Docking Adapter (IDA) which was delivered by Dragon CRS-9, allowing future commercial crew spacecraft to dock with the station. This first IDA was attached to Harmony's forward port, over the existing Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA).[21][22] The EVA terminated after completing the primary objective, without completing the secondary objectives, due to a malfunction of the right earphone of Jeff Williams. |
1 September 11:53 |
6 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 18:41 | Шаблон:Nowrap ISS Quest |
Шаблон:Plainlist | The crew retracted a thermal radiator which is a backup, and then installed the first pair of several high-definition cameras to monitor the traffic around the station. Then they have performed some maintenance operations.[23] |
Space debris events
Date/Time (UTC) | Source object | Event type | Pieces tracked | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|
26 March 01:42[24] | Hitomi | Satellite breakup | 10[25] | JAXA lost communications with the freshly launched telescope during its early commissioning phase. Meanwhile, JspOC observed 5 then 10 pieces of debris diverging from the satellite, one of them comparably sized to the main spacecraft by radar signature.[26]
Hitomi itself went into a tumble and sent short intermittent communications. The tumble was caused by a failure of the inertial reference unit mistakenly reporting the spacecraft to be spinning. As the attitude control system attempted to correct the non-existent spin, the unnecessary correction itself is believed to have caused the subsuqent failures, ultimately leading to the loss of the spacecraft, 28 April. [27][28][29] In a twist of fate, one of the secondary payloads traveling with Hitomi was ChubuSat-3, a microsatellite dedicated to monitoring global warming effects and space debris.[30] |
1 June 09:20 [31] | SL-12 R/B (#33473) | Booster breakup | 20+ [31] | An ullage motor, part of a Russian Proton-M rocket that was launched in December 2008, exploded for unknown reasons.[32] |
Orbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket.
| radius = 120 | slices = ( 22 : China : red ) ( 9 : Europe : navy ) ( 7 : India : darkorange ) ( 1 : Israel : teal ) ( 4 : Japan : white ) ( 1 : North Korea : crimson ) ( 19 : Russia : brown ) ( 22 : USA : blue ) | units suffix = | hide group legends = true
}}
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:CHN | 22 | 20 | 1 | 1 | ||
Шаблон:EUR | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:IND | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:JPN | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:PRK | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:RUS | 19 | 18 | 1 | 0 | Includes two European Soyuz launches from Kourou, French Guiana by Arianespace | |
Шаблон:USA | 22 | 22 | 0 | 0 | +1 pre-launch failure (AMOS 6 / Falcon 9) | |
World | 85 | 82 | 2 | 1 |
By rocket
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart | float = center | width = 850 | height = 440 | stack = 1 | group 1 = 7:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 2 = 0: 8:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 3 = 0:0: 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 4 = 0:0: 3:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 5 = 0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 6 = 0:0:0: 8:0:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 7 = 0:0:0:0: 2:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 8 = 0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0:0 | group 9 = 0:0:0:0:0: 8:0:0:0:0:0 | group 10 = 0:0:0:0:0: 7:0:0:0:0:0 | group 11 = 0:0:0:0:0: 4:0:0:0:0:0 | group 12 = 0:0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0 | group 13 = 0:0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0 | group 14 = 0:0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0:0:0 | group 15 = 0:0:0:0:0:0: 2:0:0:0:0 | group 16 = 0:0:0:0:0:0: 4:0:0:0:0 | group 17 = 0:0:0:0:0:0: 6:0:0:0:0 | group 18 = 0:0:0:0:0:0: 2:0:0:0:0 | group 19 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 6:0:0:0 | group 20 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 1:0:0:0 | group 21 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 3:0:0 | group 22 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 2:0:0 | group 23 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 2:0 | group 24 = 0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0:0: 5 | colors = MediumBlue : Goldenrod : SteelBlue : LightSteelBlue : DarkBlue : Teal : Olive : DarkKhaki : FireBrick : IndianRed : Salmon : Sienna : PaleVioletRed : Crimson : Grey : DarkGrey : Chocolate : CornflowerBlue : Gold : SandyBrown : Tan : Wheat : SkyBlue : LightGrey | group names = Ariane 5 : Atlas V : Delta II : Delta IV : Delta IV Heavy : Falcon 9 : H-IIA : H-IIB : Long March 2 : Long March 3 : Long March 4 : Long March 5 : Long March 7 : Long March 11 : Soyuz-U : Soyuz-FG : Soyuz-2 (Russia) : Soyuz-ST (Europe) : PSLV : GLSV : Proton-M : Rokot : Vega : Others | x legends = Ariane : Atlas : Delta : Falcon : H-II : Long March : R-7 : ILV : UR : Vega : Others | units suffix = _launches }}
By family
Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares | Шаблон:USA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane | Шаблон:EUR | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas | Шаблон:USA | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta | Шаблон:USA | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | Шаблон:JPN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon | Шаблон:USA | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
H-II | Шаблон:JPN | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March | Шаблон:CHN | 22 | 20 | 1 | 1 | |
Pegasus | Шаблон:USA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | Шаблон:RUS | 14 | 13 | 1 | 0 | |
ILV | Шаблон:IND | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | Шаблон:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Unha | Шаблон:PRK | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | Шаблон:RUS | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Шаблон:EUR | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By type
Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 200 | Шаблон:USA | Antares | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden Flight |
Ariane 5 | Шаблон:EUR | Ariane | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | Шаблон:USA | Atlas | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | Шаблон:JPN | Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | Шаблон:USA | Falcon | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV | Шаблон:IND | ILV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | Шаблон:JPN | H-II | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Шаблон:JPN | H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 8 | 7 | 0 | 1 | |
Long March 3 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 4 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 7 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | Шаблон:USA | Pegasus | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | Шаблон:RUS | Universal Rocket | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | Шаблон:IND | ILV | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit | Шаблон:ISR | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz | Шаблон:RUS | R-7 | 6 | 5 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | Шаблон:RUS | R-7 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Unha | Шаблон:PRK | Unha | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
UR-100 | Шаблон:RUS | Universal Rocket | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Шаблон:EUR | Vega | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By configuration
Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Antares 230 | Шаблон:USA | Antares 200 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden Flight |
Ariane 5 ECA | Шаблон:EUR | Ariane 5 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 ES | Шаблон:EUR | Ariane 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 401 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 411 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 421 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 431 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Atlas V 541 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (4,2) | Шаблон:USA | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,2) | Шаблон:USA | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Medium+ (5,4) | Шаблон:USA | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | Шаблон:USA | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Epsilon | Шаблон:JPN | Epsilon | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 v1.1 | Шаблон:USA | Falcon 9 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Falcon 9 Full Thrust | Шаблон:USA | Falcon 9 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
GSLV Mk II | Шаблон:IND | GSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 202 | Шаблон:JPN | H-IIA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Шаблон:JPN | H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 2 | 6 | 5 | 0 | 1 | |
Long March 2F/G | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3A | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 3 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C/E | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3C/E / YZ-1 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 7 / YZ-1A | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 7 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Pegasus XL | Шаблон:USA | Pegasus XL | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | Шаблон:RUS | Proton | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-G | Шаблон:IND | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | Шаблон:IND | PSLV | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Rokot / Briz-KM | Шаблон:RUS | UR-100 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit-2 | Шаблон:ISR | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a or ST-A / Fregat-M | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a / Volga | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B / Fregat-M | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b or ST-B / Fregat-MT | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-FG | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-U | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | |
Unha-3 | Шаблон:PRK | Unha | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Шаблон:EUR | Vega | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
By spaceport
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Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | Шаблон:KAZ | 11 | 10 | 1 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | Шаблон:USA | 18 | 18 | 0 | 0 | 1 Pre-launch failure |
Jiuquan | Шаблон:CHN | 9 | 9 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | Шаблон:FRA | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
MARS | Шаблон:USA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Palmachim | Шаблон:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | Шаблон:RUS | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | Шаблон:IND | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Sohae | Шаблон:PRK | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | Шаблон:CHN | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
Tanegashima | Шаблон:JPN | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Uchinoura | Шаблон:JPN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | Шаблон:USA | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Vostochny | Шаблон:RUS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | First launch |
Wenchang | Шаблон:CHN | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | First launch |
Xichang | Шаблон:CHN | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 85 | 82 | 2 | 1 |
By orbit
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart
| float = center
| width = 800
| height = 400
| stack = 1
| group 1 = 0:0:0:0:0:0
| group 2 = 0:12:0:0:0:0
| group 3 = 0:11:0:0:0:0
| group 4 = 0:18:0:0:0:0
| group 5 = 0: 1:0:0:0:0
| group 6 = 0:0: 8:0:0:0
| group 7 = 0:0:0:31:0:0
| group 8 = 0:0:0: 1:0:0
| group 9 = 0:0:0:0: 0:0
| group 10 = 0:0:0:0:0: 2
| colors = DeepSkyBlue: Navy : MediumBlue : RoyalBlue : DodgerBlue : LightSeaGreen : SaddleBrown : Peru : Black: Gold
| group names = Transatmospheric : Low Earth : Low Earth (ISS) : Low Earth (SSO) : Low Earth (retrograde) : Medium Earth : Geosychronous
(transfer) : Inclined GSO : High Earth : Heliocentric
| x legends = Transatmospheric : Low Earth : Medium Earth : Geosynchronous / transfer : High Earth : Heliocentric
| units suffix = _launches
}}
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth | 43 | 42 | 2 | 0 | Including 11 to ISS (+1 failed), 1 to Tiangong-2 |
Geosynchronous / transfer | 32 | 32 | 0 | 0 | |
Medium Earth | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
High Earth | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric orbit | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Including planetary transfer orbits |
Total | 85 | 83 | 2 | 0 |
References
Notes Шаблон:Notelist Citations Шаблон:Reflist
Шаблон:TLS-L Шаблон:Orbital launches in 2016 Шаблон:2016 in space Шаблон:Portal bar
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite tweet
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокpacificdaily 2016-05-03
не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 31,0 31,1 Шаблон:Cite tweet
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news