Английская Википедия:2017 Aegean Sea earthquake

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox earthquake In 21 July 2017, a large earthquake measuring 6.6 on the moment magnitude scale struck right near Bodrum, a popular town of tourism in Turkey, killing 2 and injuring hundreds. Mostly referenced as the 2017 Bodrum–Kos earthquake, this earthquake generated a tsunami which was one of the largest tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea region.

Tectonic setting

Файл:Tectonic Map of Turkey.png

Tectonic map of Turkey.

Файл:2017Gokova.png

Seismotectonic map of the Gulf of Gökova. The red star marks the epicenter of the 2017 earthquake.

The Eastern Mediterranean where the earthquake occurred is an area of complex tectonics related to the collision of the Eurasian Plate, African Plate and Arabian Plate. Continental collision occur here, including subduction of the African Plate lithosphere under the Eurasian Plate (specifically, the Aegean Plate and the Anatolian Plate); the transform boundary between the African Plate and Arabian Plate which forms the Dead Sea Transform; and the convergent boundary separating the Aegean and Anatolian Plate.Шаблон:Sfn

The Aegean region, is a seismically and volcanically active area that has been deformed under a north-to-south extensional tectonic regime at up to 30-40 mm/yr since the Pliocene. Where the epicenter of the earthquake is located, the Gulf of Gökova is an east-west trending asymmetric graben measuring Шаблон:Convert long and Шаблон:Convert wide. It developed on nappes which are filled with Pliocene to Quaternary marine sediments. The depression is bordered by the Datça Peninsula to the south, Kos to the west, and the Bodrum Peninsula to the north. The northern part of the graben is dominated by the Gökova Fault Zone which is one of the most seismically active fault structures in southwestern Anatolia. It is an east-west and northeast-southwest trending arc-shaped fault zone.Шаблон:Sfn The Gökova Fault Zone contains a complex fault pattern which could be related to the interaction between deep strike-slip faults and shallower normal faults. According to observed geological markers, the combined offset of the fault zone is about Шаблон:Convert since the Pliocene period. This suggests a slip rate of around 0.2 mm/yr.Шаблон:Sfn Most faults in the fault zone are underwater while some are visible on land.Шаблон:Sfn

Past seismicity

In historical times, many large earthquakes have struck the Gökova associated with the fault zone. Historical earthquakes with a record of damage include 412 BC, 227 BC, 199–198 BC, 24 BC, 141 AD, 174 AD, 344 AD, 474 AD, 554 AD, 1493 AD, 1851 AD, 1863 AD and 1869 AD events. In the 1493 event, the city of Bodrum was totally destroyed.Шаблон:Sfn In the 20th century, large instrumentally recorded events (events recorded by seismometers or other instruments) include those of 1933 and 1941 with magnitudes of 6.4 and 6.0 respectively.Шаблон:Sfn

Earthquake

Файл:2017KosSlip.png

Distribution of the slip along the fault (top) and intensity map (bottom)

The Шаблон:M 6.6 earthquake struck at 01:31 on 21 July 2017 at a depth of 7 km. It caused shaking assigned MMI VII (Very strong). Focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake indicate this event was generated by an east-west trending normal fault within the lithosphere within the Aegean Plate. Coulomb stress modeling showed the earthquake ruptured an area with around Шаблон:Convert length and Шаблон:Convert width on a west-southwest to east-northeast direction.Шаблон:Sfn

Deformation

Ground deformation and displacement of the mainshock faulting were observed via GPS and interferograms. Most of the deformation was observed in Karaada, near the epicenter.Шаблон:Sfn

Tsunami

Relative to the large magnitude and large depth, the earthquake generated a tsunami which was one of the largest ever recorded in the Mediterranean since records began in 426 BC.Шаблон:Sfn The tsunami was first picked up by a tide gauge in Bodrum, which measured Шаблон:Convert. In the next few weeks after the main earthquake, field surveys were performed. As a result of the surveys, tsunami inundations as much as Шаблон:Convert were observed with a run-up height of Шаблон:Convert. Many dead fish were found, cars were dragged and boats were damaged.Шаблон:Sfn

Damage

Шаблон:Multiple image Extensive damage took place on the island of Kos, and to a lesser degree in the area around Bodrum. On Kos, the old town was worst affected, with the cathedral, the 18th century Defterdar mosque, and a 14th-century castle being badly damaged. The main harbour had its floor crack as a result of the tremor, and was subsequently declared unsafe for use by government officials, who rerouted all ferries to the smaller port town of Kefalos in west Kos.

Two fatalities were reported on the island, in addition to more than 120 injuries. The two dead were identified as Turkish and Swedish nationals, and were killed when the upper facade of a bar collapsed on top of them. Seven seriously injured people on Kos were flown to hospitals in Athens and Heraklion, including two men from Sweden and Norway in critical condition. Around 360 people were injured in Bodrum, many after jumping out of windows in panic, but none of the injuries were regarded as serious.

See also

• List of earthquakes in Greece
• List of earthquakes in Turkey
• List of earthquakes in 2017
• 2014 Aegean Sea earthquake
• 2020 Aegean Sea earthquake

Sources

• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal
• Шаблон:Cite journal

External links

• Шаблон:EQ-isc-link