Английская Википедия:2017 German federal election

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More citations needed section Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox electionШаблон:Politics of Germany

Federal elections were held in Germany on 24 September 2017 to elect the members of the 19th Bundestag. At stake were at least 598 seats in the Bundestag, as well as 111 overhang and leveling seats determined thereafter.

The Christian Democratic Union of Germany and the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CDU/CSU), led by incumbent chancellor Angela Merkel, won the highest percentage of the vote with 33%, though it suffered a large swing against it of more than 8%. The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) achieved its worst result since post-war Germany at 21%. Alternative for Germany (AfD), which was previously unrepresented in the Bundestag, became the third largest party in the Bundestag with 12.6% of the vote, whilst the Free Democratic Party (FDP) won 10.7% of the vote and returned to the Bundestag after losing all their seats in 2013. It was the first time since 1957 that a party to the political right of the CDU/CSU gained seats in the Bundestag. The other parties to achieve representation in the Bundestag were the Left and Alliance 90/The Greens, each close to 9% of the vote. In the 709 member Bundestag, a majority is 355 and the CDU/CSU won 246 seats (200 CDU and 46 CSU), the SPD 153, the AfD 94, the FDP 80, The Left 69, and the Greens 67.

For the second consecutive occasion, the CDU/CSU reached a coalition agreement with the SPD to form a grand coalition, the fourth in post-war German history, and the new government took office on 14 March 2018. The agreement came after a failed attempt by the CDU/CSU to enter into a Jamaica coalition with the Greens and the FDP, which the latter pulled out of citing irreconcilable differences between the parties on migration and energy policy. This had been by far the longest government formation in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany, as it was the first time a proposed coalition formation negotiation had collapsed and had been replaced by another coalition.

Background

At the 2013 German federal election, the incumbent government composed of the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU), the Christian Social Union of Bavaria (CSU), and the Free Democratic Party (FDP) had failed to maintain a majority of seats. The FDP[1] failed to get over 5% of the vote in 2013, denying the party seats in the Bundestag for the first time in its history. In contrast, the CDU/CSU obtained their best result since 1990, with nearly 42% of the vote and just short of 50% of the seats. The CDU/CSU then successfully negotiated with the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) to form a grand coalition for the third time.[2]

In January 2017, party leader Sigmar Gabriel recommended Martin Schulz, the former President of the European Parliament, as their leader and chancellor candidate.Шаблон:Efn The party substantially increased its support as a result; however, the CDU afterward regained its lead, with polls generally showing a 13–16% lead over the SPD.

Date

German law requires that a new Bundestag shall be elected on a Sunday or on a nationwide holiday between 46 and 48 months after the last Bundestag's first sitting (Basic Law Article 39 Section 1).[3] In January 2017, then-President Joachim Gauck scheduled the election for 24 September 2017.[4]

After the election, the 19th Bundestag had to hold its first sitting within 30 days. Until that first sitting, the members of the 18th Bundestag remained in office (Basic Law Article 39 Section 1 and 2).[3]

Electoral system

Germany uses the mixed-member proportional representation system, a system of proportional representation combined with elements of first-past-the-post voting. The Bundestag has 598 nominal members, elected for a four-year term; these seats are distributed between the sixteen German states in proportion to the states' population eligible to vote.

Every elector has two votes: a constituency and a list vote. 299 members are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post, based just on the first votes. The second votes are used to produce an overall proportional result in the states and then in the Bundestag. Seats are allocated using the Sainte-Laguë method. If a party wins fewer constituency seats in a state than its second votes would entitle it to, it receives additional seats from the relevant state list. Parties can file lists in each single state under certain conditions, such as a fixed number of supporting signatures. Parties can receive second votes only in those states in which they have successfully filed a state list.

If a party by winning single-member constituencies in one state receives more seats than it would be entitled to according to its second vote share in that state (overhang seats), the other parties receive compensation seats. Owing to this provision, the Bundestag usually has more than 598 members. The 18th Bundestag, for example, started with 631 seats: 598 regular and 33 overhang and compensation seats. Overhang seats are calculated at the state level, so many more seats are added to balance this out among the different states, adding more seats than would be needed to compensate for overhang at the national level in order to avoid negative vote weight.

In order to qualify for seats based on the party-list vote share, a party must either win three single-member constituencies or exceed a threshold of 5% of the second votes nationwide. If a party only wins one or two single-member constituencies and fails to get at least 5% of the second votes, it keeps the single-member seat(s), but other parties that accomplish at least one of the two threshold conditions receive compensation seats. During the 2002 German federal election, the PDS won only 4.0% of the party-list votes nationwide but won two constituencies in the state of Berlin. The same applies if an independent candidate wins a single-member constituency, which has not happened since 1949. In the 2013 German federal election, the FDP only won 4.8% of party-list votes; this cost it all of its seats in the Bundestag.

If a voter has cast a first vote for a successful independent candidate or a successful candidate whose party failed to qualify for proportional representation, their second vote does not count to determine proportional representation; however, it does count to determine whether the elected party has exceeded the 5% threshold.

Parties representing recognized national minorities, such as Danes, Frisians, Sorbs, and Romani people, are exempt from the 5% threshold but normally only run in state elections.[5]

Parties and leaders

Altogether 38 parties have managed to get on the ballot in at least one state and can therefore (theoretically) earn proportional representation in the Bundestag.[6] Furthermore, there are several independent candidates, running for a single-member constituency. Below are the major parties that are likely to either exceed the threshold of 5% second votes or to win single-member constituencies (first votes).

Name Ideology Leading
candidate(s) 		2013 result
Votes (%)Шаблон:Efn Seats
rowspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| CDU/CSU CDU Christian Democratic Union of Germany
Шаблон:Small 		Christian democracy Angela Merkel 34.1% Шаблон:Composition bar
CSU Christian Social Union in Bavaria
Шаблон:Small 		7.4%
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| SPD Social Democratic Party of Germany
Шаблон:Small 		Social democracy Martin Schulz 25.7% Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| Linke The Left
Шаблон:Small 		Democratic socialism Dietmar Bartsch
Sahra Wagenknecht 		8.6% Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| Grüne Alliance 90/The Greens
Шаблон:Small 		Green politics Cem Özdemir
Katrin Göring-Eckardt 		8.4% Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| FDP Free Democratic Party
Шаблон:Small 		Liberalism Christian Lindner 4.8% Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| AfD Alternative for Germany
Шаблон:Small 		National conservatism Alexander Gauland
Alice Weidel 		4.7% Шаблон:Composition bar

Traditionally, the Christian Democratic Union of Germany (CDU) and the Christian Social Union in Bavaria (CSU), which refer to each other as sister parties, do not compete against each other. The CSU only contests elections in Bavaria, while the CDU contests elections in the other fifteen states. Although these parties have some differences, such as the CSU's opposition to the previous government's immigration policies,[7] the CDU and CSU share the same basic political aims and are allowed by the Regulations of the Bundestag to join into one parliamentary Fraktion (a parliamentary group composed of at least 5% of the members of the Bundestag, entitled to specific rights in parliament) after the elections,[8] as they do in the form of the CDU/CSU group.

As the CDU/CSU and the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) were likely to win the most seats in the election, their leading candidates are referred to as chancellor candidates; however, this does not mean that the new Bundestag is legally bound to elect one of them as chancellor.

Opinion polling

Шаблон:Main

Файл:German Opinion Polls 2017 Election.png
The polls are from September 2013 (the last federal election) up to the current date. Each coloured line specifies a political party.

Results

Шаблон:For

Файл:Bundestagswahl 2017 Erststimmenergebnisse.svg
Constituencies won
Файл:2017 German federal election - Results by state.svg
Results of the second vote by state
Файл:German federal election 2017 - Additional Member Seats by State.svg
Additional member seats by state

The CDU/CSU and the SPD remained the two largest parties in the Bundestag, but both received a significantly lower proportion of the vote than they did in the 2013 German federal election.

The AfD received enough votes to enter the Bundestag for the first time, taking 12.6 percent of the vote—more than double the five percent threshold required to qualify for full parliamentary status. It also won three constituency seats, which would have qualified it for proportionally-elected seats in any event.

The FDP returned to the Bundestag with 10.7 percent of the vote. Despite improving their results slightly and thus gaining a few more seats, the Left and the Greens remained the two smallest parties in parliament.

Шаблон:Election results

Results by constituency

Below are first votes (Erststimme) by constituency.[9]

State Constituency ("Wahlkreis") CDU/CSU SPD AfD FDP Linke Grüne Others Lead
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|
Шаблон:Flag Aalen-Heidenheim 46.4 21.0 11.0 6.1 5.2 9.6 0.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 25.4
Backnang-Schwäbisch Gmünd 41.2 20.0 13.2 8.1 5.6 11.3 0.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 21.2
Biberach 44.5 16.9 11.3 7.5 3.8 13.5 2.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 27.6
Böblingen 38.8 19.6 11.2 12.8 5.0 11.9 0.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 19.2
Bodensee 41.4 18.0 10.4 8.8 5.3 13.9 2.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 23.4
Bruchsal-Schwetzingen 41.5 19.5 14.4 6.7 4.6 8.3 5.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 22.0
Calw 43.3 16.9 14.1 9.3 4.5 8.8 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 26.4
Emmendingen-Lahr 37.6 23.7 10.8 8.6 5.2 11.1 2.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.7
Esslingen 40.0 19.2 10.7 8.7 5.9 15.3 0.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 20.8
Freiburg 28.0 22.7 7.2 5.3 7.3 25.7 3.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.3
Göppingen 37.6 21.9 14.5 9.2 4.4 12.1 0.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.7
Heidelberg 32.7 26.0 8.9 6.6 6.1 16.7 3.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.7
Heilbronn 35.3 23.2 15.6 9.6 4.6 8.1 3.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 12.1
Karlsruhe-Land 40.4 19.7 11.7 9.1 4.6 11.4 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 20.7
Karlsruhe-Stadt 28.5 23.6 10.0 8.6 7.6 17.6 4.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.9
Konstanz 44.8 16.8 9.6 7.3 7.0 13.4 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 28.0
Lörrach-Müllheim 39.4 21.1 9.6 8.7 5.0 15.0 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 18.3
Ludwigsburg 38.3 17.8 11.6 10.2 5.5 14.2 2.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 20.5
Mannheim 29.3 27.9 12.5 6.9 7.4 13.1 2.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.4
Neckar-Zaber 40.0 19.7 12.6 8.8 4.6 12.5 1.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 20.3
Nürtingen 39.4 19.0 11.9 9.9 4.8 14.8 0.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 20.4
Odenwald-Tauber 46.8 19.1 13.6 7.1 5.2 6.9 1.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 27.7
Offenburg 48.1 17.3 10.4 6.2 5.4 12.6 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 30.8
Pforzheim 36.4 19.0 15.8 11.9 4.7 9.6 2.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.4
Rastatt 44.1 19.0 12.2 7.2 4.6 10.9 2.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 25.1
Ravensburg 38.5 12.4 9.4 10.1 5.4 20.2 4.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 18.3
Reutlingen 40.8 15.0 12.0 10.0 6.2 14.3 1.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 25.8
Rhein-Neckar 37.4 23.9 13.1 8.1 5.2 9.6 2.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.5
Rottweil-Tuttlingen 43.0 15.9 13.0 10.8 3.9 9.5 3.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 27.1
Schwäbisch Hall - Hohenlohe 40.5 18.5 13.5 8.4 4.3 12.6 2.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 22.0
Schwarzwald-Baar 47.0 16.7 11.4 8.4 4.3 9.8 2.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 30.3
Stuttgart I 32.0 12.8 6.7 8.4 6.5 29.7 3.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.3
Stuttgart II 33.5 18.5 10.4 8.6 8.9 15.9 4.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.0
Tübingen 35.7 17.3 8.7 7.9 8.8 19.1 2.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 16.6
Ulm 42.7 20.2 10.7 8.1 4.6 12.0 1.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 22.5
Waiblingen 36.8 19.2 12.4 13.4 4.9 12.2 1.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.6
Waldshut 41.9 24.1 9.2 6.2 5.0 11.9 1.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.8
Zollernalb-Sigamaringen 45.0 14.4 13.6 9.3 4.7 12.7 0.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 30.6
Total 39.3 19.5 11.5 8.6 5.4 13.4 2.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 19.8
Шаблон:Flag Altötting 54.5 12.3 13.1 5.6 4.8 6.0 3.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 41.4
Erding – Ebersberg 48.2 14.9 10.3 7.3 4.0 10.2 5.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 33.3
Freising 43.0 13.5 12.5 7.2 5.0 9.4 9.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 29.5
Fürstenfeldbruck 43.6 18.7 10.2 7.2 4.1 9.1 7.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 24.9
Ingolstadt 49.5 13.6 13.0 5.1 4.8 6.3 7.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 35.9
München-Nord 32.2 26.0 7.6 9.6 6.0 13.1 5.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.2
München-Ost 36.8 21.3 7.4 8.9 6.3 15.2 4.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.5
München-Süd 33.0 23.5 7.6 9.1 7.4 13.8 5.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.5
München-West/Mitte 33.3 23.1 6.7 9.0 7.1 16.3 4.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.2
München-Land 43.5 16.3 8.4 9.3 3.9 13.7 4.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 27.2
Rosenheim 45.9 11.8 13.0 7.4 3.8 9.4 8.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 32.9
Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen – Miesbach 47.6 11.3 9.9 8.2 5.3 13.6 4.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 34.0
Starnberg – Landsberg am Lech 42.1 16.7 8.9 9.6 4.0 11.9 6.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 25.4
Traunstein 50.3 16.1 10.2 5.7 4.5 8.1 5.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 34.2
Weilheim 47.6 14.8 10.1 7.0 4.7 9.1 6.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 32.8
Deggendorf 44.1 17.4 17.3 4.0 4.2 4.5 8.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 26.7
Landshut 39.6 13.6 12.6 8.5 3.6 6.5 15.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 24.0
Passau 47.5 18.9 14.1 6.1 4.8 5.6 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 28.6
Passau 45.0 14.4 15.1 7.0 3.9 4.9 9.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 28.6
Straubing 47.6 16.8 15.0 4.4 3.7 3.6 8.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 30.8
Amberg 47.7 15.2 11.2 5.0 4.4 6.9 9.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 32.5
Regensburg 40.1 16.7 11.8 6.2 6.0 9.3 9.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 23.4
Schwandorf 48.5 24.2 0.0 4.6 5.0 3.9 13.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 24.3
Weiden 46.2 22.3 0.0 4.1 4.4 3.6 19.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 23.9
Bamberg 42.1 20.4 11.5 6.5 5.2 9.2 5.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 21.7
Bayreuth 46.5 21.2 9.4 6.6 4.3 7.1 4.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 18.9
Coburg 45.3 26.4 10.5 4.8 5.2 5.9 2.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 18.9
Hof 47.0 23.6 11.8 3.7 4.4 4.7 4.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 23.4
Kulmbach 55.4 16.1 11.6 4.0 3.8 4.4 4.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 39.3
Ansbach 44.3 18.4 10.5 4.2 6.1 7.6 9.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 25.9
Erlangen 42.7 21.0 7.9 5.9 5.9 11.0 5.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 21.7
Fürth 39.9 22.9 10.6 5.4 6.8 9.7 4.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.0
Nürnberg-Nord 31.3 25.6 9.2 7.2 10.0 12.7 4.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.7
Nürnberg-Süd 45.6 26.5 13.2 5.8 8.2 7.8 2.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 19.1
Roth 34.5 20.6 10.3 4.7 4.8 7.9 7.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.9
Aschaffenburg 48.1 16.6 10.5 8.0 5.8 9.2 2.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 31.5
Bad Kissingen 51.1 19.1 10.5 5.6 5.4 7.1 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 32.0
Main-Spessart 46.6 22.6 9.1 5.0 4.8 7.1 4.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 24.0
Schweinfurt 47.9 17.1 11.1 6.2 7.8 7.4 2.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 30.8
Würzburg 42.2 18.7 7.7 8.0 5.6 14.0 3.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 23.5
Augsburg-Stadt 34.8 19.3 13.3 6.1 8.5 13.9 4.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.5
Augsburg-Land 47.8 14.1 12.3 6.1 3.7 7.5 8.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 33.7
Donau-Ries 47.0 18.1 12.8 5.0 4.2 6.4 6.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 28.9
Neu-Ulm 44.6 14.6 13.6 6.0 4.4 9.2 7.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 30.0
Oberallgäu 50.5 12.2 9.6 7.0 4.7 9.2 6.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 38.3
Ostallgäu 49.2 11.4 12.6 5.6 5.3 8.7 7.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 36.6
Total 44.2 18.1 10.5 6.5 5.2 9.0 6.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 26.1
Шаблон:Flag Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf 30.2 27.6 7.5 9.2 9.4 13.6 2.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.6
Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg – Prenzlauer Berg Ost 12.2 16.9 6.2 3.1 24.9 26.3 10.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:#FFFFFF;"| 1.4
Lichtenberg 19.7 14.1 15.7 3.4 34.8 5.9 6.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.1
Marzahn-Hellersdorf 22.3 12.6 20.6 3.5 34.2 3.2 3.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 11.9
Mitte 18.6 23.5 7.9 6.0 20.5 18.0 5.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.0
Neukölln 24.5 26.8 10.7 5.1 16.4 11.0 5.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.3
Pankow 19.6 16.4 12.1 4.2 28.8 14.2 4.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.2
Reinickendorf 36.8 23.6 13.2 7.2 7.7 7.9 3.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.2
Spandau-Charlottenburg Nord 30.9 32.1 13.4 6.4 7.6 6.2 3.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.2
Steglitz-Zehlendorf 35.4 24.6 8.2 9.1 7.5 12.7 2.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.8
Tempelhof-Schöneberg 28.9 22.0 9.1 6.4 10.8 18.9 3.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.9
Treptow-Köpenick 18.9 13.8 15.0 3.8 39.9 5.0 3.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 21.0
Total 24.7 21.0 11.4 5.6 20.2 12.4 4.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.7
Шаблон:Flag Prignitz – Ostprignitz-Ruppin – Havelland I 30.8 23.7 18.0 3.6 17.6 3.0 3.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.1
Uckermark – Barnim I 30.6 19.4 20.2 3.8 18.5 3.7 3.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.4
Oberhavel – Havelland II 29.9 22.7 18.0 5.2 14.7 5.3 4.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.2
Märkisch-Oderland – Barnim II 28.4 15.8 20.2 4.2 22.5 5.4 3.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.9
Brandenburg an der Havel – Potsdam-Mittelmark I – Havelland III – Teltow-Fläming I 31.8 25.1 26.9 4.6 15.1 3.4 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.9
Potsdam – Potsdam-Mittelmark II – Teltow-Fläming II 25.9 26.1 12.3 7.5 16.5 8.0 4.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 0.2
Dahme-Spreewald – Teltow-Fläming III – Oberspreewald-Lausitz I 30.7 19.6 20.3 4.8 16.4 4.4 3.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.4
Frankfurt (Oder) – Oder-Spree 27.1 17.1 21.9 5.1 19.1 3.3 6.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.2
Cottbus – Spree-Neiße 28.4 17.0 25.3 5.7 15.7 3.3 4.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.1
Elbe-Elster – Oberspreewald-Lausitz II 29.5 16.7 24.7 5.4 16.2 2.9 4.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.8
Total 29.0 20.5 19.4 5.1 17.2 4.5 4.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.5
Шаблон:Flag Bremen I 24.2 30.0 7.7 11.2 12.2 11.9 2.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.8
Bremen II-Bremerhaven 25.0 34.0 11.4 6.7 11.5 7.7 3.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.0
Total 24.6 31.8 9.3 9.2 11.9 10.1 3.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.2
Шаблон:Flag Altona 25.9 28.9 5.1 8.6 13.6 14.4 3.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.0
Bergedorf-Harburg 28.1 34.8 10.9 5.2 10.7 7.7 2.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.7
Eimsbüttel 28.7 31.6 5.7 6.8 10.4 15.0 1.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.9
Mitte 24.2 30.9 7.3 6.4 13.9 12.9 4.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.7
Nord 33.5 30.8 5.5 8.4 7.5 13.6 0.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.7
Wandsbek 29.7 34.6 9.5 7.0 9.2 7.1 2.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.9
Total 28.5 32.0 7.3 7.1 10.8 11.7 2.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.5
Шаблон:Flag Waldeck 33.6 35.1 11.0 7.1 6.1 5.7 1.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.5
Kassel 26.9 35.6 10.0 5.9 8.8 9.4 3.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.7
Werra-Meißner – Hersfeld-Rotenburg 29.9 41.2 12.5 5.0 5.5 4.0 1.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 11.3
Schwalm-Eder 30.4 37.7 12.0 6.5 5.5 5.6 2.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.3
Marburg 33.4 35.7 10.2 4.3 8.2 6.4 1.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.3
Lahn-Dill 38.3 29.7 11.7 6.3 4.7 5.8 3.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.6
Gießen 35.1 28.2 11.5 7.7 6.3 8.3 2.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.9
Fulda 45.2 20.2 17.6 5.3 4.8 5.6 1.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 25.0
Main-Kinzig – Wetterau II – Schotten 36.4 28.3 14.8 6.1 5.9 5.4 3.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.1
Hochtaunus 39.9 23.0 10.4 10.4 5.9 8.9 1.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 16.9
Wetterau I 36.4 29.0 10.9 8.1 4.9 8.3 2.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.4
Rheingau-Taunus – Limburg 41.8 25.3 10.2 7.6 5.5 7.0 2.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 16.5
Wiesbaden 34.3 28.6 10.4 7.0 7.7 8.9 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.7
Hanau 35.3 30.4 12.8 6.4 5.8 6.1 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.9
Main-Taunus 41.9 21.8 9.7 10.9 5.0 9.1 1.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 20.1
Frankfurt am Main I 30.5 27.1 9.0 9.2 9.7 10.9 3.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.4
Frankfurt am Main II 32.4 25.9 7.6 8.1 9.1 13.5 3.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.5
(electoral district)Groß-Gerau 35.1 32.4 11.3 5.6 6.7 6.8 2.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.7
Offenbach 36.4 24.9 11.2 7.7 7.7 8.8 3.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 11.5
Darmstadt 30.7 29.7 9.1 6.2 8.5 14.2 1.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.0
Odenwald 36.1 29.0 11.7 7.2 6.1 7.8 2.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.1
Bergstraße 38.9 26.9 12.5 7.6 5.5 7.6 0.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 12.0
Total 35.4 29.2 11.2 7.1 6.6 8.1 2.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.2
Шаблон:Flag Ludwigslust-Parchim II-Nordwestmecklenburg II-Landkreis Rostock I 30.0 24.0 17.4 5.7 16.2 4.0 2.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.0
Mecklenburgische Seenplatte I-Vorpommern-Greifswald II 31.2 13.9 23.5 5.8 19.1 2.5 4.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.7
Mecklenburgische Seenplatte II-Landkreis Rostock III 37.6 15.7 18.4 4.7 17.4 3.3 2.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 19.2
Schwerin-Ludwigslust-Parchim I-Nordwestmecklenburg I 32.1 22.1 16.0 4.8 17.2 3.8 4.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.0
Rostock-Landkreis Rostock II 29.5 17.9 14.7 4.5 24.8 5.1 3.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.7
Vorpommern-Rügen-Vorpommern-Greifswald I 44.0 11.6 19.2 3.1 15.9 3.0 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 24.8
Total 34.2 17.4 18.2 4.7 18.5 3.6 3.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.7
Шаблон:Flag Aurich – Emden 27.6 49.6 0.0 4.9 6.7 7.0 4.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 22.0
Unterems 50.0 28.0 7.7 4.4 4.4 4.7 0.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 22.0
Friesland – Wilhelmshaven – Wittmund 32.4 39.7 8.3 5.9 5.9 5.5 2.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.3
Oldenburg – Ammerland 30.2 36.3 6.7 6.1 8.1 11.4 1.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.1
Delmenhorst – Wesermarsch – Oldenburg-Land 34.1 32.9 9.0 9.0 6.1 7.7 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.2
Cuxhaven – Stade II 42.7 30.7 8.5 5.0 5.8 6.1 1.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 12.0
Stade I – Rotenburg II 44.4 28.2 8.3 5.8 5.3 7.0 1.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 16.2
Mittelems 53.6 26.4 5.0 5.6 3.8 5.0 0.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 27.2
Cloppenburg – Vechta 57.7 20.4 7.8 5.1 4.1 4.3 0.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 37.3
Diepholz – Nienburg I 44.6 27.3 8.1 7.0 5.3 7.7 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.3
Osterholz – Verden 39.2 32.0 8.6 5.5 7.1 6.7 1.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.2
Rotenburg I – Heidekreis 36.1 41.2 8.2 4.5 4.1 4.8 1.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.1
Harburg 40.6 27.4 9.2 6.5 5.4 9.1 1.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.2
Lüchow-Dannenberg – Lüneburg 33.5 28.1 8.7 6.6 8.4 14.8 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.4
Osnabrück-Land 45.6 28.3 6.6 6.4 5.3 7.7 0.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.3
Stadt Osnabrück 40.3 31.6 0.0 8.9 8.4 10.1 0.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.7
Stadt Osnabrück 40.6 32.7 9.1 4.5 4.5 7.7 0.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.9
Stadt Hannover I 29.6 35.6 8.5 6.5 7.2 9.1 3.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.0
Stadt Hannover II 28.9 33.7 7.2 5.5 9.3 11.2 4.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.8
Hannover-Land I 40.1 33.1 9.6 5.2 5.0 6.0 1.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.0
Celle – Uelzen 42.7 30.0 10.1 5.5 4.6 5.8 1.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 12.7
Celle – Uelzen 36.1 37.8 9.9 4.8 5.3 5.6 0.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.7
Gifhorn – Peine 33.4 39.1 9.5 5.8 5.9 5.4 0.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.7
Hameln-Pyrmont – Holzminden 35.2 37.0 9.4 5.4 5.4 5.7 1.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.8
Hildesheim 36.0 37.2 8.6 5.6 5.1 7.6 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.2
Salzgitter – Wolfenbüttel 29.1 42.8 11.9 4.7 6.0 4.3 1.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.7
Braunschweig 31.4 38.0 7.8 5.4 7.6 8.0 1.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.6
Helmstedt – Wolfsburg 34.9 38.0 10.2 5.7 6.0 4.5 0.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.1
Goslar – Northeim – Osterode 39.8 34.8 9.3 5.0 5.7 5.4 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.0
Göttingen 33.3 34.9 7.0 4.6 5.9 11.3 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.6
Total 38.3 33.6 8.0 5.7 5.9 7.2 1.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.7
Шаблон:Flag Aachen I 33.7 32.5 5.6 7.3 8.8 9.4 2.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.2
Aachen II 36.5 36.9 8.8 6.4 5.1 4.5 1.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 0.4
Heinsberg 45.6 28.0 8.3 6.6 4.6 5.0 2.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.6
Düren 41.9 31.7 8.9 5.9 4.4 5.5 1.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.2
Rhein-Erft-Kreis I 39.2 31.1 9.0 9.3 4.5 5.5 1.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.1
Euskirchen – Rhein-Erft-Kreis II 42.8 26.2 9.5 9.9 5.8 5.8 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 16.6
Köln I 31.6 31.0 8.6 7.7 8.6 9.8 2.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 0.6
Köln II 34.9 26.9 4.6 9.1 8.0 14.6 2.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.0
Köln III 27.6 23.3 7.5 7.1 9.7 13.2 2.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.3
Bonn 32.0 34.9 6.1 10.5 5.7 8.4 2.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.9
Rhein-Sieg-Kreis I 44.3 27.7 0.0 10.4 8.1 6.5 3.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 16.6
Rhein-Sieg-Kreis II 46.5 22.7 8.4 8.4 5.5 7.9 0.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 23.8
Oberbergischer Kreis 43.7 26.7 10.1 7.8 5.2 6.1 0.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.0
Rheinisch-Bergischer Kreis 40.0 24.4 7.2 15.7 4.9 6.9 0.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.6
Leverkusen – Köln IV 30.8 38.7 8.7 6.6 6.1 5.7 3.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.9
Wuppertal I 31.5 29.6 11.0 8.7 8.9 7.4 2.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.9
Solingen – Remscheid – Wuppertal II 38.2 30.8 9.5 7.8 6.2 5.8 1.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.4
Mettmann I 44.6 25.7 8.9 8.3 5.5 6.9 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 18.9
Mettmann II 39.3 30.2 9.0 8.7 5.5 6.1 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.1
Düsseldorf I 40.4 24.4 6.4 12.8 7.4 8.4 0.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 16.0
Düsseldorf II 33.8 27.3 8.1 9.2 13.0 8.3 0.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.5
Neuss I 44.0 28.6 8.6 7.2 5.4 5.1 1.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.4
Mönchengladbach 44.3 24.4 9.1 7.8 6.8 6.0 1.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 19.9
Krefeld I – Neuss II 42.4 25.5 7.3 11.5 5.1 6.6 1.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 16.9
Viersen 47.9 25.0 7.0 8.3 5.1 6.7 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 22.9
Kleve 45.0 30.6 6.6 7.6 4.2 4.9 1.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 14.4
Wesel I 39.0 32.8 8.6 8.0 6.0 5.5 0.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.2
Krefeld II – Wesel II 37.0 32.0 8.5 8.2 5.6 6.1 2.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.0
Duisburg I 28.7 38.3 11.5 7.0 6.9 5.6 2.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.6
Duisburg II 26.4 34.7 16.6 7.0 8.9 4.6 1.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.3
Oberhausen – Wesel III 29.1 38.5 12.3 6.3 7.6 5.6 0.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.4
Mülheim – Essen I 31.3 34.9 11.5 9.0 6.5 6.2 0.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.6
Essen II 26.6 37.3 15.8 6.6 7.9 5.4 0.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.7
Essen III 37.1 30.8 8.1 8.3 6.5 8.2 1.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.3
Recklinghausen I 30.9 38.7 11.4 7.2 6.6 5.0 0.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.8
Recklinghausen II 34.5 41.1 0.0 10.2 8.4 4.7 1.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.6
Gelsenkirchen 25.4 38.3 16.9 6.7 6.5 4.6 1.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 12.9
Steinfurt I – Borken I 51.3 25.8 6.0 6.6 4.9 5.3 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 25.5
Bottrop – Recklinghausen III 33.6 36.8 11.8 6.5 6.3 4.4 0.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.2
Borken II 52.3 25.3 0.0 9.1 4.5 6.7 2.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 27.0
Coesfeld – Steinfurt II 51.6 23.5 0.0 10.5 6.2 8.2 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 28.1
Steinfurt III 44.8 30.3 6.3 5.6 5.6 6.5 0.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 14.5
Münster 37.2 28.9 4.5 7.0 6.9 12.8 2.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.3
Warendorf 46.4 27.9 6.9 7.0 4.8 5.5 1.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 18.5
Gütersloh I 46.6 28.0 8.0 6.5 4.3 5.7 0.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 18.6
Bielefeld – Gütersloh II 30.7 33.2 8.2 7.3 9.0 9.6 2.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.5
Herford – Minden-Lübbecke II 35.8 36.7 10.0 5.6 5.6 5.1 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 0.9
Minden-Lübbecke I 37.4 35.5 9.9 7.1 5.3 4.9 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.9
Lippe I 36.6 32.1 10.2 8.4 5.4 6.0 1.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.5
Höxter – Lippe II 44.3 26.7 9.1 6.9 5.5 6.0 1.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.6
Paderborn – Gütersloh III 53.3 19.9 9.1 5.5 5.1 6.0 1.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 33.4
Hagen – Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis I 30.3 39.2 11.3 7.9 5.4 3.9 2.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.9
Ennepe-Ruhr-Kreis II 32.9 36.7 0.0 10.5 8.0 8.6 3.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.8
Bochum I 28.2 37.2 9.5 7.0 10.0 7.7 0.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.0
Herne – Bochum II 24.1 41.9 13.4 6.7 8.0 5.6 0.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.8
Dortmund I 28.6 38.8 9.5 5.9 7.7 7.3 2.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.2
Dortmund II 28.1 38.8 10.6 6.4 8.6 6.4 1.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.7
Unna I 31.8 38.8 9.1 6.4 5.4 6.4 2.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.0
Hamm – Unna II 35.2 36.4 10.4 5.9 5.9 4.4 1.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.2
Soest 42.7 29.3 8.9 7.9 5.7 5.5 0.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.4
Hochsauerlandkreis 48.0 26.9 7.3 8.4 4.2 4.2 0.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 21.1
Siegen-Wittgenstein 40.1 30.2 9.8 7.3 5.9 4.3 2.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.9
Olpe – Märkischer Kreis I 47.9 26.3 8.8 8.8 4.8 3.4 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 21.6
Märkischer Kreis II 37.8 38.6 0.0 10.7 7.8 3.8 1.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 0.8
Total 38.3 31.3 8.1 8.0 6.4 6.5 1.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.0
Шаблон:Flag Neuwied 43.2 28.6 9.5 6.1 5.3 5.3 1.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 14.6
Ahrweiler 42.8 27.4 8.8 8.7 4.5 5.8 2.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.4
Koblenz 41.3 28.7 8.2 6.5 5.2 6.2 3.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 12.6
Mosel/Rhein-Hunsrück 44.1 25.2 8.2 8.7 5.3 4.9 3.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 18.9
Kreuznach 37.0 31.5 10.8 6.8 5.53 4.9 3.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.5
Bitburg 51.2 25.7 7.1 7.0 5.5 0.0 3.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 25.5
Trier 37.9 33.7 7.0 5.3 6.6 6.5 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.2
Montabaur 43.3 29.8 0.0 9.2 7.0 5.2 5.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.5
Mainz 35.7 28.0 7.3 6.9 6.4 10.8 4.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.7
Worms 41.1 26.7 11.3 6.0 5.1 6.7 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 14.4
Ludwigshafen/Frankenthal 32.1 31.9 14.5 7.5 5.6 5.5 2.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.2
Neustadt – Speyer 40.0 25.3 11.9 6.8 4.7 7.6 3.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 14.7
Kaiserslautern 31.3 33.9 12.6 5.5 7.2 5.1 4.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.6
Pirmasens 33.8 28.8 12.8 6.7 6.1 4.2 4.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.0
Südpfalz 40.3 26.0 12.3 6.0 4.7 7.9 2.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 14.3
Total 39.6 28.8 9.5 6.9 5.7 6.0 3.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.8
Шаблон:Flag Homburg 33.6 31.4 11.0 5.1 11.0 5.0 2.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.2
Saarbrücken 31.4 32.1 8.9 5.3 13.3 6.0 2.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 0.7
Saarlouis 38.0 32.1 9.0 3.8 10.8 3.5 2.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.9
St. Wendel 41.8 30.4 8.4 4.7 9.8 3.4 1.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 11.4
Total 36.2 31.5 9.3 4.7 11.2 4.5 2.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.7
Шаблон:Flag Nordsachsen 32.8 14.0 26.8 6.6 17.2 2.6 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 6.0
Leipzig I 27.5 16.5 20.5 5.7 19.5 5.5 4.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.0
Leipzig II 24.6 13.7 15.0 5.8 25.3 9.9 5.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 0.7
Leipzig-Land 34.1 11.5 28.7 6.3 15.6 3.9 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.4
Meißen 36.7 8.9 31.0 5.3 12.7 3.3 2.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.7
Bautzen I 30.6 10.0 33.2 5.8 15.2 2.0 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.6
Görlitz 31.4 10.9 32.4 5.0 13.6 3.3 3.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.0
Sächsische Schweiz-Osterzgebirge 28.8 7.2 37.4 6.5 14.7 3.0 2.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.6
Dresden I 24.6 13.2 22.4 7.5 21.0 6.5 4.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.2
Dresden II – Bautzen II 25.5 11.1 22.3 7.0 17.5 8.6 7.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.2
Mittelsachsen 32.4 12.0 31.5 5.8 14.0 3.1 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 0.9
Chemnitz 26.6 15.4 24.0 6.6 19.4 4.2 3.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 2.6
Chemnitzer Umland – Erzgebirgskreis II 35.1 10.3 26.6 7.6 17.0 3.4 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.5
Erzgebirgskreis I 34.7 9.0 30.2 7.2 15.2 2.6 1.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.5
Zwickau 33.7 12.7 0.0 13.4 25.7 4.5 9.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.0
Vogtlandkreis 35.0 11.1 26.0 5.6 15.5 3.8 3.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.0
Total 30.6 11.7 25.4 6.7 17.5 4.5 3.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.2
Шаблон:Flag Altmark 32.6 19.1 16.5 6.7 19.2 3.4 2.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.4
Börde – Jerichower Land 37.8 20.0 20.3 0.0 7.6 2.4 11.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.5
Harz 36.4 17.5 16.1 4.9 19.2 3.2 2.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 17.2
Magdeburg 27.4 21.7 15.3 6.7 18.9 4.0 6.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.7
Dessau – Wittenberg 35.2 12.2 19.4 5.0 18.2 4.6 5.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.8
Anhalt 31.6 12.9 22.2 6.3 21.2 2.0 3.8 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.4
Halle 27.1 21.3 17.3 6.7 20.3 3.6 3.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.8
Burgenland – Saalekreis 33.6 13.1 23.4 6.6 16.9 2.5 3.9 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.2
Mansfeld 31.0 15.2 23.9 8.1 18.1 2.6 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.1
Total 32.4 17.2 16.9 6.5 19.2 6.5 4.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.2
Шаблон:Flag Flensburg – Schleswig 40.0 28.0 6.2 6.5 7.1 10.5 1.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 12.0
Nordfriesland – Dithmarschen Nord 45.1 25.2 5.9 8.1 5.2 9.4 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 19.9
Steinburg – Dithmarschen Süd 41.9 26.1 7.6 11.0 5.5 6.7 1.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 15.8
Rendsburg-Eckernförde 42.7 28.9 6.8 6.5 5.2 9.0 1.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.8
Kiel 30.7 31.0 6.1 7.5 7.3 14.3 3.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 0.3
Plön – Neumünster 40.7 28.9 7.8 7.2 5.4 9.0 1.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 11.8
Pinneberg 39.7 30.3 7.9 7.8 6.1 8.3 0.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.4
Segeberg – Stormarn-Mitte 41.1 27.3 8.2 8.1 5.7 8.3 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.8
Ostholstein – Stormarn-Nord 41.5 30.8 7.9 7.3 4.4 6.9 1.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.7
Herzogtum Lauenburg – Stormarn-Süd 39.5 27.2 9.1 8.2 5.1 9.7 1.1 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 12.3
Lübeck 35.3 33.9 8.7 6.5 0.0 13.0 2.7 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 1.4
Total 39.8 28.8 7.5 7.7 5.3 9.5 1.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 11.0
Шаблон:Flag Eichsfeld-Nordhausen-Kyffhäuserkreis 38.0 14.3 21.4 4.9 15.3 2.6 3.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 16.6
Eisenach-Wartburgkreis-Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis 34.4 15.2 21.2 5.0 15.5 3.1 5.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 13.2
Erfurt-Weimar-Weimarer Land II 27.3 18.2 17.5 6.0 18.7 7.1 5.3 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 8.6
Gera-Greiz-Altenburger Land 30.4 11.8 27.3 5.6 18.7 2.1 4.0 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 3.1
Gotha-Ilm-Kreis 29.0 18.6 23.9 6.0 15.6 3.3 3.6 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 5.1
Jena-Sömmerda-Weimarer Land I 29.2 14.2 19.3 5.8 21.4 4.9 5.2 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 7.8
Saalfeld-Rudolstadt-Saale-Holzland-Kreis-Saale-Orla-Kreis 30.9 11.7 26.5 6.1 17.1 3.4 4.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 4.4
Suhl-Schmalkalden-Meiningen-Hildburghausen-Sonneberg 33.5 13.5 22.8 4.9 18.3 2.6 4.4 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 10.7
Total 31.6 14.6 22.5 5.5 17.6 3.6 4.5 style="background:Шаблон:Party color; color:white;"| 9.1

Results by state

Second Vote ("Zweitstimme", or votes for party list) by state[10]

State CDU/CSU SPD AfD FDP Linke Grüne Others
class="wikitable sortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"| class="wikitable sortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|
Шаблон:Flag 34.4 16.4 12.2 12.7 6.4 13.5 4.5
Шаблон:Flag 38.8 15.3 12.4 10.2 6.1 9.8 7.5
Шаблон:Flag 22.7 17.9 12.0 8.9 18.8 12.6 7.0
Шаблон:Flag 26.7 17.6 20.2 7.1 17.2 5.0 6.3
Шаблон:Flag 25.0 26.3 10.0 9.3 13.5 11.0 4.3
Шаблон:Flag 27.2 23.5 7.8 10.8 12.2 13.9 4.5
Шаблон:Flag 30.9 23.5 11.9 11.6 8.1 9.7 4.4
Шаблон:Flag 33.1 15.1 18.6 6.2 17.8 4.3 4.9
Шаблон:Flag 34.9 27.4 9.1 9.3 6.9 8.7 3.6
Шаблон:Flag 32.6 26.0 9.4 13.1 7.5 7.6 3.8
Шаблон:Flag 35.9 24.2 11.2 10.4 6.8 7.6 3.9
Шаблон:Flag 32.4 27.2 10.1 7.6 12.9 6.0 3.9
Шаблон:Flag 26.9 10.5 27.0 8.2 16.1 4.6 6.7
Шаблон:Flag 30.3 15.2 19.6 7.8 17.8 3.7 5.7
Шаблон:Flag 34.0 23.3 8.2 12.6 7.3 12.0 2.7
Шаблон:Flag 28.8 13.2 22.7 7.8 16.9 4.1 6.5

Constituency seats

State Total
seats 		Seats won
CDU SPD CSU Linke AfD Grüne
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |
Baden-Württemberg 38 38
Bavaria 46 46
Berlin 12 4 3 4 1
Brandenburg 10 9 1
Bremen 2 2
Hamburg 6 1 5
Hesse 22 17 5
Lower Saxony 30 16 14
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 6 6
North Rhine-Westphalia 64 38 26
Rhineland-Palatinate 15 14 1
Saarland 4 3 1
Saxony 16 12 1 3
Saxony-Anhalt 9 9
Schleswig-Holstein 11 10 1
Thuringia 8 8
Total 299 185 59 46 5 3 1

List seats

State Total
seats 		Seats won[10]
SPD AfD FDP Grüne Linke CDU
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |
Baden-Württemberg 58 16 11 12 13 6
Bavaria 62 18 14 12 11 7
Berlin 16 2 4 3 3 2 2
Brandenburg 15 3 5 2 1 4
Bremen 4 1 1 1 1
Hamburg 10 1 2 2 2 3
Hesse 28 7 6 6 5 4
Lower Saxony 36 6 7 7 6 5 5
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 10 2 3 1 1 3
North Rhine-Westphalia 78 15 15 20 12 12 4
Rhineland-Palatinate 22 8 4 4 3 3
Saarland 6 2 1 1 1 1
Saxony 22 4 8 3 2 5
Saxony-Anhalt 14 3 4 2 1 4
Schleswig-Holstein 15 5 2 3 3 2
Thuringia 14 3 5 2 1 3
Total 410 94 91 80 66 64 15

Constitution of the 19th Bundestag

Файл:Bundesarchiv B 145 Bild-F086797-0006, Bonn, Tagung FDP-Bundestagsfraktion, Solms.jpg
The father of the house of the 19th Bundestag, Hermann Otto Solms

On 24 October 2017 the 19th Bundestag held its opening session, during which the Bundestag-members elected the Presidium of the Bundestag, i.e. the President and the Vice Presidents of the Bundestag. By tradition the biggest parliamentary group (in this case the CDU/CSU-group) has the right to propose a candidate for President of the Bundestag and following the rules of order every group has the right to be represented by at least one Vice President in the presidium. However, the Bundestag may decide to elect additional Vice Presidents. Every member of the presidium had to be elected by an absolute majority of the members of the Bundestag (in this case 355 votes). Until the election of the President of the Bundestag, the father of the house, the member of parliament with the longest membership, presided over the opening session.[11]

  • Since he had been a member of the Bundestag for 45 years (since 1972), Wolfgang Schäuble would have been the father of the house.[12] However, since Schäuble was also a candidate for President of the Bundestag and would therefore likely have had to declare his own election, he refused the office. Hermann Otto Solms, who had been a member of the Bundestag for 33 years (1980–2013 and since 2017), stood in for him.[13][14]
  • The CDU/CSU group proposed Wolfgang Schäuble to be President of the Bundestag.[15] Schäuble was elected on the first ballot (501 yes votes, 173 no votes, 30 abstentions, 1 invalid vote).
  • The CDU/CSU group proposed Hans-Peter Friedrich to be a Vice President of the Bundestag.[16] Friedrich was elected on the first ballot (507 yes votes, 112 no votes, 82 abstentions, 2 invalid votes).
  • The SPD group proposed Thomas Oppermann to be a Vice President of the Bundestag. Oppermann was elected on the first ballot (396 yes votes, 220 no votes, 81 abstentions, 6 invalid votes).
  • The AfD group proposed Albrecht Glaser to be a Vice President of the Bundestag.[17] On 2 October 2017 the groups of the SPD, the FDP, The Left and Alliance 90/The Greens criticised the nomination because of controversial remarks about Islam and the basic right of religious freedom made by Glaser during the AfD's election campaign and asked the AfD group to nominate someone else to the post. The AfD group declined to accede to the request and nominate someone else.[18] Glaser failed to get a majority on three ballots, although even a plurality would have been sufficient on the third (first ballot: 115 yes votes, 550 no votes, 26 abstentions, 12 invalid votes, second ballot: 123 yes votes, 549 no votes, 24 abstentions, 1 invalid vote, third ballot: 114 yes votes, 545 no votes, 26 abstentions).
  • The FDP group proposed Wolfgang Kubicki to be a Vice President of the Bundestag. Kubicki was elected on the first ballot (489 yes votes, 100 no votes, 111 abstentions, 3 invalid votes).
  • The Left group proposed Petra Pau, who has held this position since 2006, to be a Vice President of the Bundestag. Pau was elected on the first ballot (456 yes votes, 187 no votes, 54 abstentions, 6 invalid votes).
  • The Alliance 90/Greens group proposed Claudia Roth, who already held this position in the previous legislative session, to be a Vice President of the Bundestag.[19] Roth was elected on the first ballot (489 yes votes, 166 no votes, 45 abstentions, 3 invalid votes).

The AfD's seat in the Presidium has remained vacant since the first session. On 7 November 2018, the AfD-group nominated Mariana Harder-Kühnel to the post.[20] Harder-Kühnel failed to secure a majority on the first ballot on 29 November 2018 (223 yes votes, 387 no votes, 44 abstentions), on the second ballot on 12 December 2018 (241 yes votes, 377 no votes, 41 abstentions), or on the third ballot on 4 April 2019 (199 yes votes, 423 no votes, 43 abstentions)[21][22][23] On 9 April 2019, the AfD nominated Gerold Otten to the post; however, he has failed to secure a majority on the first ballot on 11 April 2019 (210 yes votes, 393 no votes, 31 abstentions),[24][25] on the second ballot on 16 May 2019 (205 yes votes, 399 no votes, 26 abstentions),[26] or on the third ballot on 6 June 2019 (211 yes votes, 426 no votes, 30 abstentions).[27]

Government formation

Jamaica coalition

The SPD's leader and Chancellor candidate Martin Schulz and other party leaders stated that the SPD would not continue the incumbent grand coalition government after unsatisfactory election results.[28] Following the SPD's announcement that it would return to the opposition, the media speculated that incumbent chancellor Angela Merkel might need to form a Jamaica coalition (black-yellow-green) with the FDP and the Greens as that was the only viable coalition without the AfD or The Left, both of which had been ruled out by Merkel as coalition partners before the election.[29] On 9 October 2017, Merkel officially announced that she would invite the Free Democrats and the Greens for talks about building a coalition government starting on 18 October 2017.[30][31]

In the final days of the preliminary talks, the four parties had still failed to come to agreement on migration and climate issues.[32] Preliminary talks between the parties collapsed on 20 November after the FDP withdrew, arguing that the talks had failed to produce a common vision or trust.[33]

Grand coalition

After the collapse of these coalition talks, the German President appealed to the SPD to change their hard stance and to consider a grand coalition with the CDU/CSU.[34] On 24 November, Schulz said he wants party members to be polled on whether to form another grand coalition with CDU/CSU after a meeting with President Frank-Walter Steinmeier the day before.[35] According to CDU deputy leader Julia Klöckner, talks were unlikely to begin until early 2018.[36] On 6 December the SPD held a party congress in which a majority of the 600 party delegates voted to start preliminary coalition talks with the CDU/CSU.[37] This decision was met with reluctance by the party's youth wing, which organised protests outside the convention hall.[38] Martin Schulz's backing of the coalition talks was interpreted by media organisations as a U-turn, as he had previously ruled out considering a grand coalition.[39][40][41]

On 12 January, the CDU/CSU and the SPD announced that they had reached a breakthrough in the preliminary talks and agreed upon an outline document to begin formal negotiations for the grand coalition.[42] On 21 January, the SPD held an extraordinary party conference of 642 delegates in Bonn.[43] The conference voted in favour of accepting the conclusion of preliminary talks and launching formal coalition negotiations with the CDU/CSU.[44] The formal coalition talks finally began on 26 January.[45][46]

On 7 February, the CDU/CSU and SPD announced that the final coalition agreement had been reached between the parties to form the next government.[47] According to terms of the agreement, the SPD received six ministries in the new government including the finance, foreign affairs and labour portfolios while the CDU received five and the CSU three ministries. The agreement stipulated there would be rises in public spending, an increase in German financing of the EU and a slightly stricter stance taken towards immigration.[48][49] SPD chairperson and Europe expert Martin Schulz was to step down as party leader and join the cabinet as foreign minister,[50] despite having previously stated that he would not serve under a Merkel-led government.[51] However, only days after these reports were published, Schulz renounced his plan to be foreign minister reacting on massive criticism by the party base.[52] The complete text of the coalition agreement was published on 7 February.[53] The coalition deal was subject to approval of the approximately 460,000 members of the SPD in a postal vote.[54][55] The results of the vote were announced on 4 March. In summary, 66% of respondents voted in favour of the deal and 34% voted against it.[56] Approximately 78% of the SPD membership responded to the postal vote.[56] The result allowed the new government to take office immediately following Bundestag approval of Merkel's fourth term on 14 March 2018.[57]

Further reading

  • Dilling, M. 2018. "Two of the Same Kind? The Rise of the AfD and Its Implications for the CDU/CSU." German Politics and Society 36 (1): 84–104
  • Dostal, Jörg Michael. "The German Federal Election of 2017: How the wedge issue of refugees and migration took the shine off Chancellor Merkel and transformed the party system." Political Quarterly 88.4 (2017): 589–602. online
  • Faas, Thorsten, and Tristan Klingelhöfer. "The more things change, the more they stay the same? The German federal election of 2017 and its consequences." West European Politics 42.4 (2019): 914–926.
  • Franzmann, Simon T., Heiko Giebler, and Thomas Poguntke. "It's no longer the economy, stupid! Issue yield at the 2017 German federal election." West European Politics 43.3 (2020): 610–638. online
  • Hansen, Michael A., and Jonathan Olsen. "Flesh of the same flesh: A study of voters for the alternative for Germany (AfD) in the 2017 federal election." German Politics 28.1 (2019): 1–19. onlineШаблон:Dead linkШаблон:Cbignore
  • Olsen, J. 2018. "The Left Party and the AfD. Populist Competitors in Eastern Germany." German Politics and Society 36 (1): 70–83.
  • Patton, D. 2017. "Monday, Monday: Eastern Protest Movements and German Party Politics since 1989." German Politics 26 (4): 480–497.
  • Schmidt, I. 2017. "PEGIDA: A Hybrid Form of a Populist Right Movement." German Politics and Society 35 (4): 105–117.

Notes

Шаблон:Commons category Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:German federal elections Шаблон:2017 elections in Germany

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Криптовалюты
Магазины
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Разное

  1. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
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  6. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  7. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  9. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Шаблон:Cite web
  11. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  12. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  13. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
  16. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
  17. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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  28. ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
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