Английская Википедия:2018 in paleobotany
Шаблон:Year nav topic20 This article records new taxa of plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that occurred in the year 2018.
Flowering plants
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A member of the family Berberidaceae; a replacement name for the previously invalidly published Mahonia sinuata Axelrod (1985), lacking holotype designation when published. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A member of the family Berberidaceae; a replacement name for Ilex sinuata Chaney & Axelrod (1959). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Arai & Dias-Brito |
A pollen taxon, possibly a member of the family Loranthaceae. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Aniba; a replacement name for Aniba longifolia Kolakovsky & Schakryl (1958). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang & Dilcher |
A rosid described on the basis of fossil leaves. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Prasad et al. |
Churia Formation |
A species of Annona. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Golovneva |
A member of Laurales described on the basis of fossil leaves. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Moiseeva, Kodrul & Herman |
Zeya–Bureya Basin |
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil leaves, similar to leaves of members of the family Betulaceae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rozefelds & Pace |
Early Oligocene |
A member of Vitaceae. Genus includes new species A. dettmannae. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
Miocene |
A species of Berberis; a replacement name for Berberis lanceolata Givulescu (1985). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
Miocene |
A species of Berberis; a replacement name for Ilex ambigua Unger (1847) and Berberis ambigua Kovar-Eder & Kvaček (2004). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Awasthi, Mehrotra & Shukla |
Cuddalore Sandstone Formation |
A fossil wood showing affinities with members of the genus Berrya. Genus includes new species B. cuddalorensis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Moya & Brea |
Late Pleistocene |
A member of Bignoniaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. Genus includes new species B. americanum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dong & Sun in Dong et al. |
A species of Burretiodendron. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang, Su & Zhou |
Late Pliocene |
A species of Buxus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Han & Manchester in Han et al. |
A species of Canarium |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pujana et al. |
Early Cretaceous (late Albian) |
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossil wood. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang et al. |
Late Oligocene |
A species of Castanopsis. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang et al. |
Late Oligocene |
A species of Castanopsis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species C. allodapus. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shukla & Mehrota |
Early Eocene |
Cambay Shale Formation |
A member of the family Meliaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
|||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Cladium; a replacement name for Cladium crassum Negru (1972), preoccupied by extant C. crassum (Thwaites) Kükenthal. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Clerodendrum; a replacement name for Clerodendrum ovalifolium Baikovskaja in Kryshtofovich & Baikovskaja (1965). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Coiffard & Mohr |
A member of the family Araceae belonging or related to the subfamily Aroideae. |
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|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Manchester, Pigg & Devore |
Little Butte Volcanic Series |
A Trochodendraceae genus. Type species C. kvacekii Manchester, Pigg & Devore (2018) from Oregon |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Moiseeva, Kodrul & Herman |
Zeya–Bureya Basin |
A member of the family Betulaceae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pujana in Pujana et al. |
A eudicot of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossil wood. Genus includes new species C. heteropunctatum. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mantzouka |
Early Miocene |
A member of the family Lauraceae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mantzouka |
Early Miocene |
A member of the family Lauraceae. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil leaves; a replacement name for the invalidly published Cussoniphyllum Velenovský (1889). Genus includes "Cussonia" partita Velenovský (1882). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Cyperus; a replacement name for Dichostylis macrocarpa Mai (1987). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Cyperus; a replacement name for Dichostylis minor Mai in Mai & Walther (1991). |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Manchester et al. |
Cretaceous (late Albian to Cenomanian) |
An early eudicot; a new genus for "Carpites" cordiformis Lesquereux (1892). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng et al. |
Yuanmou Basin |
A member of the family Fabaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Junior homonym |
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species D. burmensis. The generic name is preoccupied by Diaphoranthus Meyen (1834); Poinar (2019) coined a replacement name Exalloanthum.[28] |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang & Dilcher |
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossil leaves. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Guzmán-Vázquez, Calvillo-Canadell & Sánchez-Beristain |
A member of the family Dioscoreaceae. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil leaves; a replacement name for the preoccupied Diplophyllum Velenovský & Viniklář (1929). Genus includes "Inga" cottae Ettingshausen (1867), "Diplophyllum" cretaceum Velenovský & Viniklář (1929), "Hymenaea" elongata Velenovský (1884), "Hymenaea" inaequalis Velenovský (1884) and "Hymenaea" primigenia de Saporta in Velenovský (1884). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Prasad et al. |
A pollen taxon belonging to the family Dipterocarpaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang & Dilcher |
A member of the family Ceratophyllaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Awasthi, Mehrotra & Shukla |
Cuddalore Sandstone Formation |
A fossil wood showing affinities with members of the family Ebenaceae. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Atkinson, Stockey & Rothwell |
Late Cretaceous (early Coniacian) |
A member of Cornales. Genus includes new species E. grandis. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Poinar & Chambers |
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, possibly a relative of members of the family Dilleniaceae. Genus includes new species E. paleosum. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Awasthi, Mehrotra & Shukla |
Cuddalore Sandstone Formation |
A fossil wood showing affinities with members of the genus Eucalyptus. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Euphorbia; a replacement name for Euphorbia cylindrica Negru (1979). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Atkinson, Stockey & Rothwell |
Late Cretaceous (early Coniacian) |
A member of Cornales. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A replacement name for Ficus angustifolia Hosius (1869). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A replacement name for Ficus crassinervis Hosius (1869). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A replacement name for Ficus laurifolia Hosius & Marck (1880). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A replacement name for Ficus magnoliifolia Lesquereux (1883). |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A replacement name for Ficus elongata Hosius (1869). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Ficus; a replacement name for Ficus schimperi Lesquereux (1868). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang & Zhou in Huang et al. |
Wenshan Basin |
A species of Ficus. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Ficus; a replacement name for Ficus myrtifolius Berry (1916). |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Ficus; a replacement name for Ficus pilosa Ettingshausen (1872). |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Ficus; a replacement name for Ficus venusta Saporta (1861). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Ficus; a replacement name for Malpighiastrum venustum Unger (1860). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Ficus; a replacement name for Ficus densifolia Knowlton (1899). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
A species of Fissistigma. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shukla, Mehrotra & Nawaz Ali |
Early Eocene |
Palana Formation |
A species of Gardenia. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Crane & Pedersen |
A flowering plant with affinities to Austrobaileyales or Nymphaeales. Genus includes new species G. portugallicum. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng et al. |
Early Miocene |
A member of Leguminosae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Khan, Bera & Bera in Khan et al.' |
Late Pliocene or early Pleistocene |
A species of Gmelina. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Prasad et al. |
Late Miocene |
Middle Churia Formation |
A species of Goniothalamus. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hernandez-Hernández & Castañeda-Posadas |
Early Miocene |
A species of Gouania. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil leaves; a replacement name for the invalidly published Hederophyllum Velenovský (1889). Genus includes "Hedera" credneriifolia Velenovský (1882) and "Hedera" primordialis de Saporta (1879). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Su & Zhou in Su et al. |
Early Oligocene |
A member of the family Lythraceae. Originally described as a species of Hemitrapa, but subsequently transferred to the genus Primotrapa by Li et al. (2020).[43] |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Hibiscus; a replacement name for the invalidly named Hibiscus splendens Baikovskaja. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shukla, Mehrotra & Nawaz Ali |
Early Eocene |
Palana Formation |
A species of Holigarna. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Awasthi, Mehrotra & Shukla |
Cuddalore Sandstone Formation |
A fossil wood showing affinities with members of the genus Hopea. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Srivastava, Mehrotra & Dilcher |
A species of Ipomoea. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Kowalski in Kowalski & Worobiec |
Шаблон:Flag |
A member of Ericaceae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes "Elaeocarpus" globulus Menzel (1906). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Crane & Pedersen |
Figueira da Foz Formation |
A member of the family Chloranthaceae. Genus includes new species K. rugosum. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Poinar & Chambers |
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, most similar to members of the families Brunelliaceae and Cunoniaceae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Jud et al. |
Upper Salamanca Formation |
A member of Cunoniaceae. Genus includes new species L. spectabilum. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Estrada-Ruiz et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
A member of Lauraceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Laurus; a replacement name for Ficus reticulata Saporta (1863). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez, Gandolfo & Cúneo |
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossil leaves. Genus includes new species L. padillae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Yabe & Nakagawa |
A fossil legume fruit. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Ligustrum; a replacement name for the invalidly named Ligustrum vulgare var. fossilis Baikovskaja. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu et al. |
A member of Pentapetalae of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species L. revoluta. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Coiffard & Mohr |
A member of the family Araceae belonging to the subfamily Lemnoideae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dong et al. |
Middle Miocene |
Fotan Group |
A species of Liquidambar. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng et al. |
Yuanmou Basin |
A member of the family Fagaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang et al. |
Late Oligocene |
A member of Fagaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang et al. |
Late Oligocene |
A member of the family Lauraceae. Genus includes new species L. nanningensis. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez |
Late Eocene |
A member of Fabaceae belonging to the group Dalbergieae. Genus includes new species L. gunnii. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Crane & Pedersen |
A flowering plant with affinities to Austrobaileyales or Nymphaeales. Genus includes new species L. choffatii. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Lycopus; a replacement name for the invalidly named Lycopus intermedius Dorofeev (1963). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Malus; a replacement name for Malus pulcherrima Givulescu (1980). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Franco |
Late Cenozoic |
A member of Celastraceae described on the basis of fossil wood. Genus includes new species M. perforatum. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Estrada-Ruiz et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil wood, with a suite of features seen in several families of Malpighiales, Myrtales and Oxalidales. Genus includes new species M. waddellii. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Meliosma; a replacement name for Calvarinus reticulatus Reid & Reid (1910). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jud et al. |
A member of the family Menispermaceae described on the basis of fossil leaves. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Guzmán-Vázquez, Calvillo-Canadell & Sánchez-Beristain |
A member of the family Menispermaceae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Liang et al. |
Yong'ancun Formation |
A species of Nelumbo. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu & Wang |
An early flowering plant. Genus includes new species N. lingyuanensis. |
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|
Gen. et 5 sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Crane & Pedersen |
A fossil seed with affinities to Austrobaileyales and Nymphaeales. Genus includes new species N. taylorii, N. hopewellense, N. crassum, N. virginiense and N. marylandense. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A tupelo; a replacement name for Nyssa maxima Givulescu, Petrescu & Barbu (1997). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Atkinson, Stockey & Rothwell |
Late Cretaceous (early Coniacian) |
A member of Cornales. Genus includes new species O. edenensis. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Ocotea; a replacement name for Laurophyllum undulatum Weyland & Kilpper (1963). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Mendes & Pedersen |
Early Cretaceous (late Barremian–early Albian) |
An early eudicot. Genus includes new species P. pantoporata. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen et al. |
A member of the family Juglandaceae. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pigg, Bryan & DeVore |
A monocot similar to members of Amaryllidaceae. Genus includes new species P. billgenseli. |
| ||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Dong & Sun in Dong et al. |
Middle Miocene |
Fotan Group |
A species of Paliurus. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Nour-El-Deen, El-Saadawi & Thomas |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Nour-El-Deen & Thomas in Nour-El-Deen, Thomas & El-Saadawi |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Nour-El-Deen, El-Saadawi & Thomas |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng et al. |
Yuanmou Basin |
A member of the family Fabaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng et al. |
Yuanmou Basin |
A member of the family Fabaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Moya, Brea & Lutz |
A member of Apocynaceae described on the basis of fossil wood; a new genus for "Menendoxylon" piptadiensis Lutz (1987). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pujana in Pujana et al. |
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossil wood. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Crane & Pedersen |
A flowering plant with affinities to Austrobaileyales or Nymphaeales. Genus includes new species P. hilaris. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Crane & Pedersen |
Almargem Formation |
A flowering plant with affinities to Austrobaileyales or Nymphaeales. Genus includes new species P. reyi. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Manchester et al. |
A member of the family Trochodendraceae. The type species is P. sternhartae. |
| ||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Photinia; a replacement name for the invalidly named Photinia acuminata Baikovskaja in Kryshtofovich & Baikovskaja (1965). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Pistacia; a replacement name for Pistacia lentiscoides Andreánszky & Cziffery in Andreánszky (1959). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Pistacia; a replacement name for Pistacia acuminata Reid & Reid (1915). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Akkemik & Poole in Akkemik et al. |
Early Miocene |
A Pistacia-like plant described on the basis of fossil wood. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Srivastava, Mehrotra & Srikarni |
Late Pliocene–Early Pleistocene |
Kimin Formation |
A member of the family Annonaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A flowering plant described on the basis of fossil leaves; a replacement name for the invalidly published Grevilleophyllum Velenovský (1889). Genus includes "Grevillea" constans Velenovský (1883). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Sokoloff, Remizowa & Nuraliev in Sokoloff et al. |
A species of Prunus. |
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|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Manchester & Balmaki |
Early Oligocene |
A fossil fruit of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a new genus for "Anacardium" peruvianum Berry (1924). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Coiffard & Mohr |
A member of the family Araceae belonging to the subfamily Lemnoideae. Genus includes new species P. simile. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Grímsson & Zetter in Grímsson et al. |
A pollen taxon, a member of the family Winteraceae. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng et al. |
Yuanmou Basin |
A member of the family Juglandaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shukla, Mehrotra & Nawaz Ali |
Early Eocene |
Palana Formation |
A species of Pterygota. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Ranunculus; a replacement name for Ranunculus pusillus Dorofeev (1987). |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Prasad et al. |
A pollen taxon resembling pollen of members of the genus Pigafetta. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Crane & Pedersen |
Figueira da Foz Formation |
A flowering plant with affinities to Austrobaileyales or Nymphaeales. Genus includes new species R. parvum. |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Rhododendron; a replacement name for Rhododendron germanicum Mai & Walther (1988). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Crane & Pedersen |
A member of the family Chloranthaceae. Genus includes new species R. kvacekii. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Conran, Kennedy & Bannister |
Early Eocene |
A species of Ripogonum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Franco |
Late Cenozoic |
A member of Polygonaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Prasad et al. |
Miocene |
Churia Formation |
A species of Ryparosa. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Hernández-Damián, Gómez-Acevedo & Cevallos-Ferriz |
A species of Salacia. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Sambucus; a replacement name for the invalidly named Sambucus palaeoracemosa Baikovskaja in Kryshtofovich & Baikovskaja (1965). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang & Dilcher |
A member or a relative of the family Platanaceae described on the basis of fossil leaves. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A member of the family Cyperaceae; a replacement name for the invalidly named Scirpus (Schoenoplectus) isolepioides Mai & Walther (1988). |
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|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Scirpus; a replacement name for Scirpus leptocarpus Negru (1986), preoccupied by extant Scirpus leptocarpus Mueller (1855). |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Poinar & Chambers |
A member of Laurales of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species S. lativalva. |
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|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Crane & Pedersen |
A flowering plant with affinities to Austrobaileyales or Nymphaeales. Genus includes new species S. kvacekiorum. |
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|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
More et al. |
Geabdat Sandstone Formation |
A species of Sloanea. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Nixon, Crepet, Gandolfo & Grimaldi |
A member of Fagales of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species S. cupulata. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang & Momohara in Huang, Momohara & Wang |
A species of Staphylea. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Rozefelds & Pace |
A member of Vitaceae; a new genus for "Vitaceoxylon" ramunculiformis Poole & Wilkinson (2000). |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Arai & Dias-Brito |
A phytoclast, possibly a member of Nymphaeaceae. Genus includes S. furcata (Duarte & Arai, 2010). |
|||||
|
Comb nov |
valid |
(Hollick) Manchester & Han |
"King Salmon Lake flora" |
A moonseed species. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Han & Manchester in Han et al. |
A species of Stephania. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jud & Gandolfo in Jud et al. |
A species of Stephania. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Han & Manchester in Han et al. |
A species of Stephania. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Sterculia; a replacement name for Acer crassinervium Ettingshausen (1869). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tiffney, Manchester & Fritsch |
Early Miocene |
Brandon Lignite |
A species of Symplocos. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tarran et al. |
Early Miocene |
A species of Syzygium. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shukla, Mehrotra & Nawaz Ali |
Early Eocene |
Palana Formation |
A species of Syzygium. |
|||
|
Gen. et 4 sp. nov |
Valid |
Friis, Crane & Pedersen |
Early Cretaceous (early Aptian to early to middle Albian) |
A flowering plant with affinities to Austrobaileyales or Nymphaeales. Genus includes new species T. hopewellense, T. marylandense, T. drewriense and T. antiquum. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Crepet, Nixon & Weeks |
Lower Magothy Formation |
A member of Ericales of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species T. squamata. |
||||
|
Gen. et 3 sp. nov |
Valid |
Arai & Dias-Brito |
A phytoclast. Genus includes new species T. brevifurcatus (probably a member of Campanulaceae), T. duplihelicoidus (affinity unknown) and T. simplex (a dicotyledon of uncertain affinity). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Arai & Dias-Brito |
A pollen taxon, an indeterminate dicotyledon. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Golovneva in Golovneva & Zolina |
Taxon described on the basis of fossil leaves resembling leaves of members of the family Cercidiphyllaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Manchester, Pigg & Devore |
Middle Miocene |
Little Butte Volcanic Series |
A species of Trochodendron. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Manchester, Pigg & Devore |
Middle Miocene |
Little Butte Volcanic Series |
A species of Trochodendron. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Estrada-Ruiz et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
A eudicot with similarities to members of Dilleniaceae, described on the basis of fossil wood. Genus includes new species T. newmexicoense. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang & Xing in Zhang et al. |
An elm. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang & Xing in Zhang et al. |
An elm. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Blokhina & Bondarenko |
Sazanka Formation |
An elm. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Prasad et al. |
Miocene |
Churia Formation |
A member of the family Annonaceae. |
|||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Viburnum; a replacement name for Viburnum lantanoides Dorofeev (1977). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pujana in Pujana et al. |
A member of Cunoniaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Jud et al. |
A member of the family Menispermaceae described on the basis of fossil leaves. Genus includes new species W. menispermoides. |
|||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Wang & Dilcher |
A flowering plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement, described on the basis of fossil leaves. Genus includes "Dicotylophyllum" expansolobum Upchurch & Dilcher (1990). |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Zanthoxylum; a replacement name for Zanthoxylum affine Pilar (1883). |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A species of Zanthoxylum; a replacement name for Rutaspermum rugosum Chandler (1964). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Akkemik & Poole in Akkemik et al. |
Early Miocene |
A Zelkova-like plant described on the basis of fossil wood. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Liang & Zhou in Liang et al. |
Middle Miocene |
A species of Zygogynum. |
Pinales
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Escapa et al. |
A species of Agathis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Lignier ex Philippe et al. |
Early Cretaceous (late Aptian-Albian) |
A member of Araucariaceae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Iamandei, Iamandei & Grădinaru |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kloster & Gnaedinger |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Andruchow‐Colombo et al. |
A species of Araucaria. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Faria et al. |
A conifer described on the basis of fossil wood. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Iamandei, Iamandei & Grădinaru |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Iamandei, Iamandei & Grădinaru |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tian, Zhu & Wang in Tian et al. |
A coniferous wood. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Atkinson et al. |
A conifer pollen cone. Genus includes new species C. minutus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ding & Zhou in Ding et al. |
Lühe Basin |
A member of Cupressaceae, a species of Cryptomeria. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kodrul et al. |
Early Oligocene |
A species of Cunninghamia. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Perez Loinaze & Llorens |
A pollen taxon with affinities with the family Araucariaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Perez Loinaze & Llorens |
A pollen taxon with affinities with the family Araucariaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jin & Sun in Jin et al. |
A conifer. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Ghosh et al. |
Rajmahal Basin |
A member of Cupressaceae. Genus includes new species H. cupressoides. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Andruchow-Colombo et al. |
Salamanca Formation |
The oldest member of a scale-leaved clade of Podocarpaceae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Nosova & Kiritchkova |
Irkutsk Coal Basin |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Stockey et al. |
A member of Cupressaceae described on the basis of pollen cones. Genus includes new species M. holbergensis. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Khan & Bera |
Dafla Formation |
A pine; a replacement name for Pinus arunachalensis Khan & Bera (2017) (preoccupied by Pinus arunachalensis Srivastava, 2017). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huerta Vergara & Cevallos-Ferriz |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
A pine. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A pine; a replacement name for Pinus pseudotaeda Saporta (1865). |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A pine; a replacement name for Pinus microcarpa Saporta (1865). |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A pine; a replacement name for Pinus divaricata Saporta (1865). |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A pine; a replacement name for Pinus hokkaidoensis Stockey & Ueda (1986). |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Doweld |
A pine; a replacement name for Pinus deflexa Saporta (1865). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huerta Vergara & Cevallos-Ferriz |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
A pine. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
He et al. |
Early Miocene |
A species of Platycladus. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Ghosh et al. |
Rajmahal Basin |
A member of Podocarpaceae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang, Tian & Wang in Zhang et al. |
A member of the family Pinaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang, Tian & Wang in Zhang et al. |
A member of the family Pinaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Iamandei, Iamandei & Grădinaru |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Batista et al. |
A member of Cheirolepidiaceae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Kvaček et al. |
An araucarian pollen cone. Genus includes new species R. hispanicus. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li, Jin & Manchester |
Fossil wood resembling Sequoia. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tian et al. |
A member of Sequoioideae described on the basis of fossil wood. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov & Mashchuk |
Early Jurassic |
Czeremkhovskaya Formation |
Possibly a member of the family Taxaceae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tan et al. |
A member of Cupressaceae sensu lato. |
Other seed plants
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov in Frolov & Mashchuk |
Early Jurassic |
Prisayanskaya Formation |
A member of Ginkgoales. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Liu et al. |
Late Devonian |
An early seed plant. Genus includes new species C. qii. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov in Frolov & Mashchuk |
Middle Jurassic |
Taltsy Formation |
Seed of a gymnosperm of uncertain affinities. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Šimůnek |
Carboniferous (early Westphalian D) |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Šimůnek |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Šimůnek |
Carboniferous (Bolsovian) |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Šimůnek |
Carboniferous (late Pennsylvanian) |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
McLoughlin, Pott & Sobbe |
A member of Bennettitales belonging to the family Williamsoniaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Perez Loinaze & Llorens |
A pollen taxon, similar to many of the modern cycad pollen types. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kiritchkova, Kostina & Nosova |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Yang et al. |
A member of Ephedraceae. Genus includes new species E. chinensis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Li et al. |
Yan’an Formation |
A member of Ginkgoales. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov & Mashchuk |
Middle Jurassic |
Taltsy Formation |
A member of Ginkgoales. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kiritchkova, Kostina & Nosova |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tan, Dilcher, Wang & Sun in Sun et al. |
A species of Ginkgo. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tan, Dilcher, Wang & Sun in Sun et al. |
A species of Ginkgo. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov & Mashchuk |
Early Jurassic |
Czeremkhovskaya Formation |
Originally described as a species of Ginkgo, but subsequently transferred to the genus Ginkgoites.[122] |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tan, Dilcher, Wang & Sun in Sun et al. |
A species of Ginkgo. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gomankov |
Late Permian |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang & Sun in Wang et al. |
Early Permian |
A cone fossil belonging to the group Cordaitopsida and the family Cordaitaceae. Genus includes new species H. shenii. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zavattieri, Gutiérrez & Ezpeleta |
A member of Voltziales described on the basis of fossil pollen grains. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Fu et al. |
South Xiangshan Formation |
A seed plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Interpreted as an early fossil flower by Fu et al. (2018);[126] Coiro, Doyle & Hilton (2019) considered known specimens of this plant to be more similar to conifer cones.[127] Genus includes new species N. dendrostyla. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhao & Deng in Zhao et al. |
Xishanyao Formation |
A member of Bennettitales. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhao & Deng in Zhao et al. |
Xishanyao Formation |
A member of Bennettitales. |
||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Zhao & Deng in Zhao et al. |
Early and Middle Jurassic |
A member of Bennettitales; a replacement name for Nilssoniopteris angustifolia Wang (1984), preoccupied by Nilssoniopteris angustifolia Doludenko and Svanidze (1969). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Herrera et al. |
Khukhteeg Formation |
A member of Bennettitales. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Herrera et al. |
Tevshiingovi Formation |
A member of Bennettitales. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Yamada, Legrand & Nishida |
Sasayama Group |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Naugolnykh |
Early Permian |
A member of Ginkgoales belonging to the family Cheirocladaceae. Genus includes new species O. ovoides. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
McLoughlin, Bomfleur & Drinnan |
Fort Cooper Coal Measures |
A member of Glossopteridales. Genus includes new species P. tayloriorum. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov in Frolov & Mashchuk |
Irkutsk Basin |
A member of Leptostrobales (= Czekanowskiales). |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shi et al. |
Tevshiin Govi Formation |
A conifer belonging to the family Podozamitaceae, described on the basis of leaves. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Nosova & Golovneva |
A member of Ginkgoales, described on the basis of leaves. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shi et al. |
Tevshiin Govi Formation |
A member of Ginkgoales, described on the basis of leaves. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Nosova & Golovneva |
A member of Ginkgoales, described on the basis of leaves. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Shi et al. |
Tevshiin Govi Formation |
A member of Ginkgoales, described on the basis of leaves. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gnilovskaya & Golovneva |
A member of Bennettitales. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gnilovskaya & Golovneva |
A member of Bennettitales. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Cariglino, Monti & Zavattieri |
A seed fern. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gomankov |
A member of Pinopsida belonging to the group Cordaitanthales and to the family Rufloriaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wang & Sun in Wang et al. |
Early Permian |
A seed fossil belonging to the group Cordaitopsida and the family Cordaitaceae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Yang et al. |
A member of Czekanowskiales. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Forte & Kerp in Forte et al. |
Tregiovo Formation |
A fern-like plant, probably a seed fern. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gordenko & Broushkin |
A gymnosperm of uncertain phylogenetic placement, belonging to the new order Trisquamales. Genus includes new species T. valentinii. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
McLoughlin, Pott & Sobbe |
A member of Bennettitales belonging to the family Williamsoniaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
McLoughlin, Pott & Sobbe |
A member of Bennettitales belonging to the family Williamsoniaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
McLoughlin, Pott & Sobbe |
Lees Sandstone |
A member of Bennettitales belonging to the family Williamsoniaceae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
McLoughlin, Pott & Sobbe |
Late Triassic (Carnian or earliest Norian) |
Blackstone Formation |
A member of Bennettitales belonging to the family Williamsoniaceae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
McLoughlin, Pott & Sobbe |
A member of Bennettitales belonging to the family Williamsoniaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Martínez, Ottone & Artabe |
A cycad belonging to the group Encephalartoideae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Erdei & Calonje in Erdei et al. |
Late Eocene |
Other plants
| Name | Novelty | Status | Authors | Age | Unit | Location | Notes | Images |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Correia et al. |
Douro Basin |
A marattialean fern. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Edwards & Li |
Early Devonian |
Pingyipu Group |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Noetinger, di Pasquo & Starck |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Schäfer-Verwimp, Hedenäs, Ignatov & Heinrichs in Kaasalainen et al. |
A moss resembling members of the extant genus Aptychella of the family Pylaisiadelphaceae. Genus includes new species A. fossilis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Chen et al. |
Wutonggou Formation |
A member of Calamitaceae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
De Benedetti et al. |
A species of Azolla. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Echinostachyales. Genus includes new species B. candlewaxia. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Edwards & Li |
Early Devonian |
Pingyipu Group |
A zosterophyll. Genus includes new species B. sichuanensis. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gutiérrez & Balarino |
A spore taxon. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Echinostachyales. Genus includes new species C. cetenis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Heinrichs et al. |
A member of Lejeuneaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov in Frolov & Mashchuk |
Middle Jurassic |
Taltsy Formation |
A fern of uncertain affinities. |
|||
|
Cladophlebis odintsovае[113] |
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov & Mashchuk |
Middle Jurassic |
Prisayanskaya Formation |
A fern of uncertain affinities. |
||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Libertín et al. |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Perez Loinaze & Llorens |
A spore taxon similar to spores of extant members of the families Sphaerocarpaceae, Ricciaceae and Riellaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Perez Loinaze & Llorens |
A spore taxon related to the family Marsileaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Pinson, Manchester & Sessa |
A species of Culcita. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Noetinger, di Pasquo & Starck |
A prasinophyte. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Perez Loinaze & Llorens |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bodnar et al. |
A fern belonging to the family Dipteridaceae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pott & Bomfleur in Pott et al. |
A fern belonging to the family Dipteridaceae. Genus includes new species D. repanda. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Echinostachyales and the family Echinostachyaceae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Pfeiler & Tomescu |
A member of Rhyniopsida. Genus includes new species E. gaspiana |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Morris, Edwards & Pedersen |
Freshwater West Formation |
A plant of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species E. enigmatica. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wellman |
Val d'Amour Formation |
A plant described on the basis of fossil spores. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Wellman |
Campbellton Formation |
A plant described on the basis of fossil spores. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
García Muro, Rubinstein & Steemans |
A plant described on the basis of fossil spores. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Gutiérrez & Balarino |
A spore taxon; a replacement name for Endosporites parvus Menéndez (1965). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Frolov in Frolov & Mashchuk |
Middle Jurassic |
Prisayanskaya Formation |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Rothwell, Millay & Stockey |
A member of Marattiales. Genus includes new species E. christensenioides. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Bucur et al. |
A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Feldberg et al. |
Bitterfeld amber |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Mamontov, Ignatov & Perkovsky |
||||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Katagiri |
Europe (Baltic Sea region) |
A liverwort. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Tian et al. |
A fern belonging to the family Gleicheniaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Uhl & Poschmann |
A species of Groenlandia. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Cheng & Yang |
Cretaceous |
Songliao Basin |
A tree fern. Genus includes new species H. keshanensis. |
|||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Regalado et al. |
A eupolypod fern. Genus includes new species H. burmensis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gutiérrez & Balarino |
A spore taxon. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Ignatov & Váňa in Winterscheid et al. |
Late Oligocene |
A member of Hypnales of uncertain phylogenetic placement; a replacement name for Hypnum lycopodioides Weber in Wessel & Weber. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Granier |
A green alga belonging to the group Bryopsidales. Genus includes new species J. bipennatus. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Edwards & Li |
Early Devonian |
Pingyipu Group |
A rhyniophyte. Genus includes new species J. gengi. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Galtier et al. |
A pteridophyte of uncertain phylogenetic placement. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gess & Prestianni |
A lycopsid. Genus includes new species K. alveoformis. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. Genus includes new species K. plaatkopensis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Arai & Dias-Brito |
An acritarch, probably a prasinophyte. |
|||||
|
Nom. nov |
Valid |
Gutiérrez & Balarino |
A spore taxon; a replacement name for Leiotriletes tenuis Azcuy (1975). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Heinrichs, Schäfer-Verwimp, Renner & Lee in Kaasalainen et al. |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Gerrienne et al. |
A member of Lycopsida of uncertain phylogenetic placement. Genus includes new species L. chaloneri. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Estrada-Ruiz et al. |
Late Cretaceous (late Campanian) |
A species of Marsilea. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Zavialova & Batten |
A member of Marsileaceae described on the basis of megaspores. |
|||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Echinostachyales. Genus includes new species M. linearifolia and M. attenuatifolia. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Senowbari-Daryan |
A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales, possibly a member of the family Triploporellaceae. Genus includes new species N. rhaetica, as well as "Probolocupsis" sarmeikensis Senowbari-Daryan (2014). |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Xie et al. |
Late Miocene |
A species of Oleandra. |
||||
|
Gen. et comb. nov |
Valid |
Edwards & Li |
Early Devonian |
Pingyipu Group |
A member of Lycophytina; a new genus for "Zosterophyllum" sichuanensis Geng (1992). |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kvaček & Winterscheid in Winterscheid et al. |
Late Oligocene |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Coturel et al. |
A fern belonging to the family Osmundaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Echinostachyales and the family Echinostachyaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Echinostachyales and the family Echinostachyaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Echinostachyales and the family Echinostachyaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Echinostachyales and the family Echinostachyaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Perez Loinaze & Llorens |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Zhang et al. |
Late Devonian |
An early euphyllophyte. Genus includes new species P. yixingense. |
||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Edwards & Li |
Early Devonian |
Pingyipu Group |
A rhyniophyte. Genus includes new species P. gracilis. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Noetinger, di Pasquo & Starck |
A prasinophyte. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Renner, Schäfer-Verwimp & Heinrichs in Kaasalainen et al. |
A species of Radula |
|||||
|
Ge. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Vera & Césari |
A cyathealean tree fern. Genus includes new species R. nishidai. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Perez Loinaze & Llorens |
A spore taxon with affinities with the Lycopodiales. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Gutiérrez & Balarino |
A spore taxon. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Echinostachyales and the family Echinostachyaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Echinostachyales and the family Echinostachyaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Kiritchkova, Kostina & Nosova |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Edwards & Li |
Early Devonian |
Pingyipu Group |
A zosterophyll. Genus includes new species S. uskielloides. |
|||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Huang et al. |
Late Devonian |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Rashidi & Schlagintweit |
A green alga belonging to the group Dasycladales. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Jia & Song |
Late Permian |
A member of Gymnocodiaceae. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Perez Loinaze & Llorens |
A spore taxon with affinities with the Bryophyta sensu lato. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Xiaonan, Fengxiang & Yeming |
||||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Xu, Fu & Wang |
Middle Devonian |
A Colpodexylon-like lycopsid. Genus includes new species T. fui. |
||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Gen. et sp. nov |
Valid |
Savoretti et al. |
A moss belonging to the family Grimmiaceae. Genus includes new species T. crassiphylla. |
|||||
|
Gen. et 2 sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. Genus includes new species V. moltenensis and V. gypsensis. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Anderson & Anderson |
A member of Equisetopsida belonging to the group Equisetales and the family Equisetaceae. |
|||||
|
Sp. nov |
Valid |
Edwards & Li |
Early Devonian |
Pingyipu Group |
General research
- A study attempting to establish a timescale of early land plant evolution is published by Morris et al. (2018).[190][191][192]
- Assemblage of putative Ordovician (Hirnantian) land plants is described from the Zbrza locality in the southern Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Poland) by Salamon et al. (2018).[193]
- A study on the structure and variation of areolation patterns in leaves of Paleozoic protosphagnalean mosses is published by Ivanov, Maslova & Ignatov (2018).[194]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous mosses Meantoinea alophosioides and Eopolytrichum antiquum within Polytrichaceae is published by Bippus, Escapa & Tomescu (2018).[195]
- Meristems of rooting axes belonging to Asteroxylon mackiei are described from the Rhynie chert (United Kingdom) by Hetherington & Dolan (2018).[196]
- A study re-examining the evidence on the speed of growth and life cycle of the tree-like lycophytes from the Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) coal swamps, and in particular addressing an earlier study by Boyce & DiMichele (2016),[197] is published by Thomas & Cleal (2018).[198][199]
- A study on the impact of increased ultraviolet irradation (caused by volcanism-induced ozone shield deterioration) on plants during the Permian–Triassic extinction event is published by Benca, Duijnstee & Looy (2018).[200]
- A study on the composition of the Late Triassic flora of the American Southwest, based on palynological data from the Chinle Formation, and indicative of a floral turnover occurring in the middle Norian, is published by Baranyi et al. (2018).[201]
- A study on the Middle Jurassic flora from Yorkshire (United Kingdom) as indicated by pollen and spores, and on the possible dinosaur-plant interactions in the area is published by Slater et al. (2018).[202]
- Occurrence of the characean genus Tolypella is reported from the Lower Cretaceous of the Garraf Massif (Catalonia, Spain) by Martín-Closas et al. (2018), representing the oldest known record of the genus reported so far.[203]
- A study on the spore wall structure and development in Psilophyton dawsonii is published by Noetinger, Strayer & Tomescu (2018).[204]
- Lycopsid megaspores preserved with fossil starch, probably used to attract and reward animals for megaspore dispersal, are described from the Permian of north China by Liu et al. (2018).[205]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil members of Equisetales is published by Elgorriaga et al. (2018).[206]
- A study on the anatomy of the Devonian fern-like plant Shougangia bella is published by Wang et al. (2018).[207]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of a putative Triassic fern Pekinopteris, based on evaluation of specimens preserving fertile pinnae, is published by Axsmith, Skog & Pott (2018).[208]
- A study on the anatomical structure of Coniopteris hymenophylloides (a fossil fern belonging to the family Dicksoniaceae) based on well-preserved materials from the Middle Jurassic Yaojie Formation (China), including sterile and fertile pinnae, sporangia and in situ spores, epidermal cuticles and stomatal complexes, is published by Xin et al. (2018).[209]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil marattialean ferns is published by Rothwell, Millay & Stockey (2018).[210]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of members of Dipteridaceae based on data from extant and fossil taxa is published by Choo & Escapa (2018).[211]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of early seed plants, aneurophytalean progymnosperms, Stenokoleales and several Devonian plants of uncertain affinities is published by Toledo, Bippus & Tomescu (2018).[212]
- Plant fossils representing the genera Glossopteris, Vertebraria, Samaropsis, Paracalamites, Sphenophyllum and Dichotomopteris are described from the Permian strata in the Tabbowa Basin of Sri Lanka by Edirisooriya, Dharmagunawardhane & McLoughlin (2018), thus being the first representatives of the distinctive Permian Glossopteris flora reported from that country.[213]
- Fossils of member of the genus Glossopteris related to the species Glossopteris communis from India are described from the Permian deposits of southeastern Gobi (Mongolia) by Naugolnykh & Uranbileg (2018).[214]
- A study on the fossils of glossopterids from the Permian (Lopingian) Buckley Formation (Antarctica) will be published by DeWitt et al. (2018), who present evidence of glossopterids shedding their pollen organs during a different time of the season than Glossopteris leaves.[215]
- Blomenkemper et al. (2018) report the discovery of mixed plant-fossil assemblages in Late Permian deposits on the margins of the Dead Sea in Jordan, including fossils of seed ferns, members of Bennettitales and the earliest records of conifers reported so far.[216]
- A study on the phylogeny of conifers, comparing the inferred phylogenetic relationships and estimated divergence ages with the paleobotanical record, is published by Leslie et al. (2018).[217]
- A study on the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration levels in the Early Cretaceous based on data from specimens of the fossil conifer species Pseudofrenelopsis papillosa is published by Jing & Bainian (2018).[218]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of members of Pinaceae based on data from extant and fossil taxa is published by Gernandt et al. (2018).[219]
- A study on the epidermis of the leaves of the fossil pine Pinus mikii and on the phylogenetic relationships of the species is published by Yamada & Yamada (2018).[220]
- A study on the anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of Austrohamia acanthobractea, based on data from leafy twigs with attached pollen cones and seed cones from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Lagerstätte (China), is published by Dong et al. (2018).[221]
- Rediscovery of the holotype specimen of Weltrichia fabrei is reported by Moreau & Thévenard (2018).[222]
- Revision of gymnosperm species known from the Eocene Baltic amber is published by Alekseev (2018).[223]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the vascular plants and the timescale of their evolution, attempting to establish when the flowering plants originated, is published by Barba-Montoya et al. (2018).[224]
- A study on the early evolution of Chloranthaceae, focusing on the phylogenetic relationships of the Cretaceous taxa Canrightiopsis and Pseudoasterophyllites, is published by Doyle & Endress (2018).[225]
- Fossil assemblage including plant and vertebrate remains is described from the Turonian Ferron Sandstone Member of the Mancos Shale Formation (Utah, United States) by Jud et al. (2018), who report turtle and crocodilian remains and an ornithopod sacrum, as well as a large silicified log assigned to the genus Paraphyllanthoxylon, representing the largest known pre-Campanian flowering plant reported so far and the earliest documented occurrence of an angiosperm tree more than 1.0 m in diameter.[226]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of extant and fossil members of Zingiberales is published by Smith et al. (2018).[227]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of Cornales based on data from extant and fossil taxa is published by Atkinson (2018).[228]
- A study on the microstructure of the fossils assigned to the genus Operculifructus, and on its implications for inferring the phylogenetic relationships of this genus, is published by Hayes et al. (2018).[229]
- A study on the phylogenetic relationships of the flowering plants and Gnetales, as indicated by morphological data from extant and fossil taxa, is published by Coiro, Chomicki & Doyle (2018).[230]
- Revision of the taxonomy of the Cretaceous monocot genus Viracarpon is published by Matsunaga et al. (2018), who transfer the species Coahuilocarpon phytolaccoides known from the Campanian Cerro del Pueblo Formation (Mexico) to the genus Viracarpon, thus rejecting the hypothesis that Viracarpon was endemic to India.[231]
- Microfossil remains of early grasses extracted from a specimen of the Early Cretaceous dinosaur species Equijubus normani from China are described by Wu, You & Li (2018).[232]
- Cantisolanum daturoides from the Eocene London Clay Formation, previously suggested to be a member of the family Solanaceae, is reinterpreted as more likely to be a commelinid monocot by Särkinen et al. (2018).[233]
- A study on the lower threshold of extant palm temperature tolerance, as well as on the potential of using the presence of palm fossils to infer past climate, is published by Reichgelt, West & Greenwood (2018).[234]
- A study on the human use of rainforest plant resources of prehistoric Sri Lanka, as indicated by data from phytoliths from the Fahien Rock Shelter sediments, is published by Premathilake & Hunt (2018).[235]
- A study on the occurrence of bananas in the archaeological sequence at Fahien Rock Shelter (south‐west Sri Lanka), as indicated by seed and leaf phytolith evidence, is published by Premathilake & Hunt (2018).[236]
- A study on the macroevolutionary dynamics of extinction and adaptation of palms with megafaunal fruits in the late Cenozoic is published by Onstein et al. (2018), who interpret their findings as indicating that progressive loss of megafaunal frugivores during the late Cenozoic likely resulted in increased extinction rates of palms with megafaunal fruits.[237]
- A study on the floral and fruit morphology of the early eudicot species Ranunculaecarpus quinquecarpellatus is published by Manchester et al. (2018).[238]
- A study on the principal morphological characters distinguishing shade and sun leaves in modern species of Liquidambar, and on their implications for identifying leaf polymorphisms in fossil members of this genus that could otherwise be used to establish unwarranted new species, is published by Maslova et al. (2018).[239]
- A study on fossil pollen of members of the group Ericales from five Eocene localities in the United Kingdom, Austria, Germany and China, aiming to describe fossil pollen types and compare them with the most similar looking pollen of modern species, is published by Hofmann (2018).[240]
- A new fossil Loranthaceae pollen type (the first representative of this family in the fossil record of Africa) is described from the earliest Miocene of Saldanha Bay (South Africa) by Grímsson et al. (2018).[241]
- A study on the types of fossil oak pollen grains from the Last Glacial Maximum sediments from the northern South China Sea, and on their implications for inferring regional climatic conditions in this area during the Last Glacial Maximum, is published by Dai, Hao & Mao (2018).[242]
- A pistillate partial inflorescence of a member of the genus Castanopsis is described from Baltic amber by Sadowski, Hammel & Denk (2018), representing the first record of this genus from Baltic amber and the first pistillate inflorescence of Fagaceae from Eurasia reported so far.[243]
- A study on factors which influenced the diversification processes and diversity dynamics of Cenozoic woody flowering plants is published by Shiono et al. (2018).[244]
- Description of plant remains and palynomorphs preserved in the coprolites produced by large dicynodonts from the Triassic Chañares Formation (Argentina), and a study on the affinities of the plants preserved in those coprolites, is published by Perez Loinaze et al. (2018).[245]
- A study on the nutritional value of plants grown under elevated CO2 levels, evaluating the hypothesis that constraints on sauropod diet quality were driven by Mesozoic CO2 concentration, is published by Gill et al. (2018).[246]
- A study on the diversity, frequency and representation of insect damage of fossil plant specimens from the Permian La Golondrina Formation (Argentina) is published by Cariglino (2018).[247]
- A study on the insect herbivory on fossil ginkgoalean and bennettitalean leaves from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou Beds (China), and on defenses of these plants against insect herbivory, is published by Na et al. (2018).[248]
- Diverse gymnosperm and angiosperm fossils, displaying affinities with the flora of the Araripe Basin (Santana Formation) as well as those identified in deposits from the North America (Potomac Group), are described from the Lower Cretaceous Codó Formation (Brazil) by Lindoso et al. (2018).[249]
- A study on the impact of the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event on the continental flora, as indicated by spore-pollen fossil record, is published by Heimhofer et al. (2018).[250]
- Insect and plant inclusions are reported from amber from the uppermost Campanian Kabaw Formation of Tilin (Myanmar) by Zheng et al. (2018).[251]
- Grimaldi et al. (2018) report biological inclusions (fungi, plants, arachnids and insects) in amber from the Paleogene Chickaloon Formation of Alaska, representing the northernmost deposit of fossiliferous amber from the Cenozoic.[252]
- Organically preserved plant fossils, including leaves with cuticular preservation, are described from the Paleogene Ligorio Márquez Formation (Argentina) by Carpenter, Iglesias & Wilf (2018).[253]
- A study on changes in Eocene plant diversity and floristic composition at Messel (Germany) is published by Lenz & Wilde (2018).[254]
- An amber layer is reported from the lower part of the Dingqing Formation (late Oligocene) in Lunpola of central Tibet (representing the first record of amber from Tibet) by Wang et al. (2018), who interpret this amber as derived from dipterocarp trees, and who interpret the amber layer as remains of the northernmost dipterocarp forest discovered so far.[255]
- A study on CO2 concentrations during the early Miocene, as indicated by stomatal characteristics of fossil leaves from a late early Miocene assemblage from Panama and a leaf gas‐exchange model, is published by Londoño et al. (2018).[256]
- A study evaluating when the plants using the C4 photosynthetic pathway initially expanded on the Australian continent, as indicated by carbon isotope ratios of plant waxes from scientific ocean drilling sediments off north‐western Australia, is published by Andrae et al. (2018).[257]
- A study on the role of fire during the expansion of C4 grassland ecosystems in the Mio-Pliocene, based on data from molecular proxies from paleosol samples of the Siwalik Group (Pakistan), is published by Karp, Behrensmeyer & Freeman (2018).[258]
- A study on the macroevolutionary responses of noctuid moths from the group Sesamiina and their associated host-grasses to environmental changes during the Neogene is published by Kergoat et al. (2018).[259]
- A study on the abundance of the C3 and C4 grasses in the central interior of southern Africa in the Early Pleistocene, as indicated by enamel stable carbon and oxygen isotope data, associated faunal abundance and phytolith evidence from the site of Wonderwerk Cave (South Africa), is published by Ecker et al. (2018).[260]
- A study on the changes of vegetation in the temperate zone of Asia during an interval containing the Mid-Pleistocene Transition, ~1.2–0.7 million years ago, as indicated by pollen data from a drilling core from the North China Plain, as well as on their effect on the large mammal fauna is published by Xinying et al. (2018).[261]
- A study on the use of plants by early modern humans during the Middle Stone Age as indicated by analyses of phytoliths from the Pinnacle Point locality (South Africa) is published by Esteban et al. (2018).[262]
- A study on the distance of seed dispersal by extant and extinct mammalian frugivores and on the impact of the extinction of Pleistocene megafauna on seed dispersal is published by Pires et al. (2018).[263]
- A study evaluating how mega‐herbivore animal species controlled plant community composition and nutrient cycling, relative to other factors during and after the Late Quaternary extinction event in Great Britain and Ireland, is published by Jeffers et al. (2018).[264]
- A study on the seeds preserved in moa coprolites is published by Carpenter et al. (2018), who question the hypothesis that some of the largest-seeded plants of New Zealand were dispersed by moas.[265]
- A study on the plant–insect interactions in the European forest plant communities in the Upper Pliocene Lagerstätte of Willershausen (Lower Saxony, Germany), the Upper Pliocene locality of Berga (Thuringia, Germany) and the Pleistocene locality of Bernasso (France) is published by Adroit et al. (2018).[266]
- A study on pollen recovered from hyaena coprolites from Vanguard Cave (Gibraltar), and on its implications for reconstructing the vegetation landscapes in the environment inhabited by southern Iberian Neanderthals during the MIS 3, is published by Carrión et al. (2018).[267]
- A study on the inner structure of cuticles and carbonaceous compressions of Early Jurassic plants from Argentinian Patagonia, using Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy, is published by Sender et al. (2018).[268]
- A study on the changing ecology of woodland vegetation of southern mainland Greece during the late Pleistocene and the early-mid Holocene, and on the ecological context of the first introduction of crop domesticates in the southern Greek mainland, as indicated by data from carbonized fuel wood waste from the Franchthi Cave, is published by Asouti, Ntinou & Kabukcu (2018).[269]
- Evidence of plant domestication and food production from the early and middle Holocene site of Teotonio (southwestern Amazonia, Brazil) is presented by Watling et al. (2018).[270]
- A study on changes in plant pathogen communities (fungi and oomycetes) in response to changing climate during late Quaternary, as indicated by data from solidified deposits of rodent coprolites and nesting material from the central Atacama Desert spanning the last ca. 49,000 years, is published by Wood et al. (2018).[271]
- A study on the timing of the origination of the East Asian flora (including Sino-Japanese Flora Metasequoia Flora and Sino-Himalayan Rhododendron Flora), as indicated by molecular and fossil data, is published by Chen et al. (2018).[272]
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 3,00 3,01 3,02 3,03 3,04 3,05 3,06 3,07 3,08 3,09 3,10 3,11 3,12 3,13 3,14 3,15 3,16 3,17 3,18 3,19 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 4,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 7,0 7,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 8,0 8,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 9,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 15,0 15,1 15,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 16,0 16,1 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 18,0 18,1 18,2 18,3 18,4 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 19,0 19,1 19,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 20,0 20,1 20,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 21,0 21,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 23,0 23,1 23,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 25,0 25,1 25,2 25,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 27,0 27,1 27,2 27,3 27,4 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 29,0 29,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 30,0 30,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 32,0 32,1 32,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 34,00 34,01 34,02 34,03 34,04 34,05 34,06 34,07 34,08 34,09 34,10 34,11 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 37,0 37,1 37,2 37,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 38,0 38,1 38,2 38,3 38,4 38,5 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 46,0 46,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 49,0 49,1 49,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 56,0 56,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 57,0 57,1 57,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 65,0 65,1 65,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 67,0 67,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 78,0 78,1 78,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 85,0 85,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 90,0 90,1 90,2 90,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 98,0 98,1 98,2 98,3 98,4 98,5 98,6 98,7 98,8 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 100,0 100,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 105,0 105,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 106,0 106,1 106,2 106,3 106,4 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 108,0 108,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 113,0 113,1 113,2 113,3 113,4 113,5 113,6 113,7 Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 116,0 116,1 116,2 116,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 117,0 117,1 117,2 117,3 117,4 117,5 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 118,0 118,1 118,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 121,0 121,1 121,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 124,0 124,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 126,0 126,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 128,0 128,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 130,0 130,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 135,0 135,1 135,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 136,0 136,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 137,0 137,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 146,0 146,1 146,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 147,0 147,1 147,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 148,0 148,1 148,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 150,00 150,01 150,02 150,03 150,04 150,05 150,06 150,07 150,08 150,09 150,10 150,11 150,12 150,13 150,14 150,15 150,16 150,17 150,18 150,19 150,20 150,21 150,22 150,23 150,24 150,25 150,26 150,27 150,28 150,29 150,30 150,31 150,32 150,33 150,34 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 152,0 152,1 152,2 152,3 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 153,0 153,1 153,2 153,3 153,4 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ 161,0 161,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ 172,0 172,1 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
