Английская Википедия:2020 Comorian parliamentary election

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Parliamentary elections were held in the Comoros on 19 January 2020; in constituencies where no candidate received a majority, a second round was held alongside local elections on 23 February. The elections were boycotted by the main opposition parties, including the two largest parties in the outgoing Assembly, the Union for the Development of the Comoros and Juwa Party, in protest at constitutional reform and political repression, The result was a landslide victory for President Azali Assoumani's Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros, which won 20 of the 24 elected seats.

Background

Following decades when the politics of the Comoros was shaped by dictatorship, frequent coups, and civil war, the adoption of the December 2001 Constitution inaugurated the only sustained democratic order in the country since its independence from France in 1975. Azali Assoumani, the leader of the last successful military coup in 1999, remained as president after winning multi-party elections in March 2002. Constitutionally barred from serving consecutive terms, Assoumani stepped down from the presidency for a decade in 2006, before being reelected in 2016.

Beginning in late 2017, President Assoumani promoted a vision to make the Comoros into a developing nation by 2030. On 12 April 2018 he "temporarily" suspended the elected Constitutional Court and transferred its duties to a new Constitutional Chamber within the Supreme Court whose members he had appointed. Two weeks later, Assoumani announced that a series of consultations held with representatives of the nation during the preceding months had determined that to realize his vision of development a referendum should be held to revise the constitution.

The constitutional referendum held in July 2018 proposed to permanently abolish the Constitutional Court as well as eliminate the ban on consecutive presidential terms, and amend the Fomboni Agreement reached at the end of the civil war whereby the first round of presidential elections was held on only one of the nation's three islands, rotating between them every five years; instead establishing a two-term limit and alternation between the islands only every ten years, with both cycles to begin anew in 2019.

In the months leading up to the referendum, weekly protests against "authoritarian rule" and clashes with the police occurred in the capital, Moroni. The opposition parties declared a boycott of the poll, and their leaders were detained by the army. The vice president and other members of the administration publicly condemned the proposed reforms, and were sacked by presidential decree. Nevertheless, official results claimed 92.34% support for the constitutional amendments. In the wake of the referendum on Anjouan, the island due to elect the next president according to the now-overturned Fomboni Agreement, a revolt broke out which the military put down by force, and which the administration blamed on "terrorists, as well as drug addicts and alcoholics".

Claiming that he was now eligible to serve for another ten years, Assoumani called a new presidential election in 2019, two years early. The Supreme Court barred the candidates of all major opposition parties from running. Former president and Juwa Party head Ahmed Abdallah Sambi was placed under house arrest; other opposition leaders who went into hiding were tried in absentia and given life sentences at hard labor. The parties prevented from running candidates formed a united organization, the National Council of Transition, and again declared a boycott and protest movement against the "electoral coup d'etat". Assoumani claimed victory in the election in which all other candidates were independents unaffiliated with a political party.

Both protests and the government's measures to suppress dissent escalated after the March 2019 vote. Multiple presidential candidates who rejected the official results were injured or arrested by the police, including one who was shot. Journalists were detained, newspaper issues confiscated, and printing presses raided, in response to which private media declared a boycott of government press conferences.

During an extraordinary session of the Assembly held on the evening of 3 September 2019, the administration won a vote on an enabling act giving President Assoumani the authority to rule by decree, to take any measures deemed necessary to conduct new parliamentary elections. This power was used to strip representatives of parliamentary immunity during a new round of arrests and prosecutions of opposition figures. To prevent the passage of an amnesty bill intended to prevent imprisonment for political activity, the government closed the Assembly on 31 December, before its mandate was set to expire in March 2020.

Electoral system

The 33 members of the Assembly were elected by two methods: 24 members were directly elected in single-member constituencies using the two-round system, whilst nine members (three from each) were elected by the Island assemblies of Anjouan, Grande Comore and Mohéli.

Campaign

A total of 81 candidates were approved to contest the 24 Assembly seats, including 45 independents and 35 candidates from the three parties of L'Alliance de la Mouvance Présidentielle; 21 the CRC, seven from RADHI, led by the manager of Assoumani's 2019 re-election campaign, Houmed Msaidie, and seven from the Orange Party, led by Minister of the Interior, Mohamed Daoudou, who also organized the elections and oversaw the prosecution of opposition figures. Only one candidate from an opposition party ran, representing the Democratic Rally of the Comoros, the party led by former Grand Comore Governor Mouigni Baraka.

The period leading up to election day was noted for the absence of rallies and other forms of mass mobilization typical of previous campaigns. One independent candidate was arrested, allegedly for engaging in opposition activity. The campaigns of the parties in L'Alliance de la Mouvance Présidentielle emphasized a message of mobilizing people behind national development. Representatives of RADHI and the Orange Party insisted their parties were independent and contributed to a real competition of ideas, claiming a special responsibility to hold President Assoumani and the CRC accountable and check any future abuses of power.

Results

By constituency

Constituency	Party		Candidate	1st round		2nd round
				Votes	%	Votes	%
Dewa		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Chamina Ben Mohamed	732	53.01
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Ibrahim Ahmed Kassim	417	30.20
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Ali Said Chanfi	163	11.80
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Ben Omar Attoumane Tara	69	5.00
	Turnout			1,429	25.40
	Electorate			5,625	100
Msoutrouni and Moimbassa		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Abdallah Said Sarouma	2,227	68.21
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Said Bacar Ben Attoumane	800	24.50
		RADHI	Ahmed Omar Avilaza	238	7.29
	Turnout			3,408	50.03
	Electorate			6,812	100
Djando		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Said Assane Madi	1,413	53.30
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Dhoihir Daroueche	827	31.20
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Saindou Issoufa Djabir	299	11.28
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Bachir Maenfou Said	112	4.22
	Turnout			2,763	66.59
	Electorate			4,149	100
Mledjele		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Anfani Hamada Bacar	2,827	77.62
		RADHI	Achafion Abdillah Toibibou	815	22.38
	Turnout			3,762	65.76
	Electorate			5,721	100
Sima		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Moustadroine Abdou	20,009	100
	Turnout			20,492	91.18
	Electorate			22,473	100
Mutsamudu I		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Hayda Nourdine Sidi	4,510	62.35
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Fatima Said Ali Ben Omar	1,558	21.54
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Naile Jaffar	1,148	15.87
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Mariama Houmadi Daoud	17	0.24
	Turnout			7,613	40.86
	Electorate			18,632	100
Mutsamudu II		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Abou Achiraf Ali Bacar	4,987	100
	Turnout			5,173	65.18
	Electorate			7,937	100
Ouani	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Mouhouyouddine Affraitane	4,423	52.82
		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Soiladine Salim	2,876	34.34
		Orange Party	Kamardine Soilihi	1,075	12.84
	Turnout			8,682	57.62
	Electorate			15,068	100
Cuvette		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Ladaenti Houmadi	3,688	64.01
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Djanffar Baco	1,330	23.08
		RADHI	Mounia Ahamadi	744	12.91
	Turnout			5,927	74.66
	Electorate			7,939	100
Domoni I		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Salim Mohamed Abderemane	955	29.07	1,459	58.31
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Nourdine Midiladji Abderemane	976	29.71	1,043	41.69
		RADHI	Ibrahim Mohamed Hanif	664	20.21
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Madjid Mohamed Chakir	439	13.36
		Orange Party	Hoistoi Thoueni Said	251	7.64
	Turnout			3,431	33.24	3,637	35.17
	Electorate			10,322	100	10,341	100
Domoni II		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Adnani Mouhamadi	4,884	49.65	9,036	67.79
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Dhoimir Samadane	2,270	23.08	4,293	32.31
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Moursoid Massondi	1,777	18.07
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Abdel Kader Charcane	905	9.20
	Turnout			10,133	64.17	14,014	92.43
	Electorate			15,790	100	15,162	100
Nioumakele I		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Mohamed Ahmed Said	11,365	88.07
		Orange Party	Abibou Ben Mahamoud	1,064	8.24
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Halidi Abderemane Ibrahim	476	3.69
	Turnout			13,328	91.66
	Electorate			14,540	100
Nioumakele II		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Mohamed Mourchidi	5,956	60.36
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Nadhuf Ahmed Oili	2,095	21.23
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Ahamadi Houmadi Soufou	1,817	18.41
	Turnout			10,058	90.91
	Electorate			11,064	100
Moroni North		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Abdou Said Mdahoma	583	38.33	2,167	87.48
		RADHI	Mohamed Ahmed	416	27.35	310	12.52
		Orange Party	Kassim Ibrahim	205	13.48
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Mohamed Farouk Attoumani	137	9.01
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Mze Abdou Soule Elbak	126	8.28
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Ahamadi Houmadi Farida	54	3.55
	Turnout			1,597	18.46	2,769	31.51
	Electorate			8,650	100	8,787	100
Moroni South		Orange Party	Djoumoi Idjabou Mroivili	2,388	69.26
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Tourqui Said Ahmed Chams-Eddine	543	15.75
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Jose Chakhrina Nourdine Abodo	381	11.05
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Karimou Abdoulwahabi	136	3.94
	Turnout			3,615	42.89
	Electorate			8,428	100
Bambao		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Maoulida Mmadi Issihaka	10,355	66.01
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Youssouf Ismael Mmadi	2,435	15.52
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Moussa Ibrahim	1,732	11.04
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Said Abdillah Said Ahmed	1,164	7.42
	Turnout			16,736	77.16
	Electorate			21,689	100
Oichili-Dimani		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Zoubeiri Mohamed Ahamed	6,224	72.42
		Democratic Rally of the Comoros	El-Anrif Mohamed	2,370	27.58
	Turnout			9,133	59.54
	Electorate			15,340	100
Itsandra North		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Abdoul Aziz Mohamed	4,441	60.57
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Saadi Salim	1,940	26.46
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Ahamada Said	951	12.97
	Turnout			7,683	56.65
	Electorate			13,563	100
Itsandra South		Orange Party	Hassani Mohamed	1,404	27.94	3,563	50.32
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Soilihi Abdou	1,460	29.05	3,517	49.68
		RADHI	Abdoul El Wahab Moussa	1,396	27.78
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Alloui Said Abasse	951	12.97
	Turnout			5,334	45.74	7,935	68.05
	Electorate			11,661	100	11,661	100
Mitsamiouli-Mboude	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Mohamed Ahamada Baco	6,696	51.52
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Chamsoudine Soule	2,650	20.39
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Abdou Mbalia Zainoudine	2,520	19.39
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Mohamed Maamoune Mohamoud	1,130	8.69
	Turnout			14,156	49.64
	Electorate			28,516	100
Hambou		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Dawiat Mohamed	6,371	80.45
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Said Athoumani	1,548	19.55
	Turnout			8,479	67.18
	Electorate			12,621	100
Hamahamet-Mboinkou		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Ali Mohamed Abdou	5,338	63.88
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Mohamed Assoumani	1,822	21.80
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Mohamed Said Hassane	1,196	14.31
	Turnout			8,926	51.95
	Electorate			17,182	100
Ngouengwe		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Ali Said	4,658	45.86	5,656	66.74
		Orange Party	Ahmed Youssouf	1,686	16.60	2,819	33.26
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Antoisse Mohamed Ibrahim	1,386	13.65
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Ahmed Said Abdallah	1,258	12.39
		RADHI	Mariama Mohamed	676	6.66
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Soilihi Mohamed	492	4.84
	Turnout			10,663	78.61	9,237	66.41
	Electorate			13,565	100	13,909	100
Itsahidi		Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros	Abdou-Rahim Mistoihi	9,427	75.16
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Habdallah Ali Mohamed	2,045	16.31
	bgcolor=Шаблон:Party color|	Independent	Mnemoi Ahmed Doudou	1,070	8.53
	Turnout			13,252	80.99
	Electorate			16,362	100