Английская Википедия:2020 Jamaican general election
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use Jamaican English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox electionШаблон:Politics of Jamaica
General elections were held in Jamaica on Thursday, 3 September 2020[1] to elect 63 members of Parliament. As the constitution stipulates a five-year parliamentary term,[2] the next elections were not expected until between 25 February and 10 June 2021. However, Prime Minister Andrew Holness called early elections to ensure a united response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. On the advice of Holness, Governor General Patrick Allen dissolved Parliament on 13 August 2020.[3]
The result was a landslide victory for the ruling Jamaica Labour Party,[4] which received 57% of the vote and won 49 seats; the People's National Party remained the opposition party, losing 16 seats.[5] Amid the COVID-19 pandemic and the 2019–2020 dengue fever epidemic, voter turnout was only 37%,[6] the lowest in an election since 1983.[7]
Background
Prior to the election, the Jamaica Labour Party, led by Prime Minister Andrew Holness, formed a majority government. The largest opposition party was the People's National Party, led by Peter Phillips. Either the Jamaica Labour Party or the People's National Party have been in power since universal suffrage was introduced in 1944.[8]
Electoral system
The 63 members of the House of Representatives are elected in single-member constituencies by first-past-the-post voting.[9] Voters must be 18 years and over and be a citizen of Jamaica or a Commonwealth citizen.[10]
The leader of the party commanding a majority of support in the House of Representatives is called on by the Governor General to form a government as Prime Minister,[11] while the leader of the largest group or coalition not in government becomes the Leader of the Opposition.[12]
Campaign
Only two parties registered to contest the election, the Jamaica Labour Party and the People's National Party, and each nominated candidates in all 63 constituencies. The two parties agreed to participate in three televised debates hosted by the Jamaica Debates Commission.[13]
The People's National Party campaigned for a referendum on removing Queen Elizabeth II as head of state.[14]
On 15 August 2020, the pastors of the Christian right Jamaica Progressive Party announced that the party would not contest the elections due to lack of time to prepare.[15]
Contesting parties
Party | Position | Ideology | Leader Шаблон:Small |
Last election | At dissolution | Contested | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | Jamaica Labour Party | Centre-right | Nationalism[16][17][18] Fiscal conservatism[19] Populism Conservatism[20][21][22] Republicanism Fabianism (originally)[18] |
Andrew Holness Шаблон:Small |
Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Composition bar | 63 |
bgcolor="Шаблон:Party color" | | People's National Party | Centre-left | Social democracy Democratic socialism Populism Republicanism[23] |
Peter Phillips Шаблон:Small |
Шаблон:Composition bar | Шаблон:Composition bar | 63 |
Slogans and songs
Party | Slogan | Official song | |
---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Party name with color | "Build back stronger."[24] |
#GreenLight[25] | |
Шаблон:Party name with color | "Building your Jamaica."[26] |
Building Your Jamaica: #VotePNP2020[27] |
Incumbent MPs not seeking re-election
Seven members of parliament did not stand for re-election:[28]
Retiring incumbent | Electoral District | Term in office | Reason | Date announced | Replaced as MP by | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Robert Pickersgill | PNP | Saint Catherine North Western | 1989–2020 | Not standing | Шаблон:Dts[29] | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Hugh Graham |
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Evon Redman | PNP | Saint Elizabeth North Eastern | 2016–2020 | Not standing | Шаблон:Dts[30] | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Delroy Slowley |
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Derrick Kellier | PNP | Saint James Southern | 1987–2020 | Not standing | Шаблон:Dts[31] | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Homer Davis |
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Ronald Thwaites | PNP | Kingston Central | 1997–2020 | Not standing | Шаблон:Dts[32] | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Donovan Williams |
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Noel Arscott | PNP | Clarendon South Western | 2007–2020 | Not standing | Шаблон:Dts[33] | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Luthon Cousins |
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Shahine Robinson | JLP | Saint Ann North Eastern | 2001–2020 | Died in office | Шаблон:Dts[34] | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Marsha Smith |
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Leslie Campbell | JLP | Saint Catherine North Eastern | 2016–2020 | Not standing | Шаблон:Dts[35] | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Kerensia Morrison |
Candidates
Candidate nominations were finalised on nomination day, 18 August 2020.[1] The full candidate list is presented below,[36] along with the incumbent candidates before the election.[37] MPs who are not standing for re-election are marked (†). Government ministers are in bold,[38] and party leaders are in italics.
Clarendon Parish
Hanover Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | |||||
Hanover Eastern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Dave Hume-Brown | Wavell Hinds | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Dave Hume-Brown | |
Hanover Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Tamika Davis | Ian Hayles | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Ian Hayles |
Kingston Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | |||||
Kingston Central | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Donovan Williams | Imani Duncan-Price | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | † Ronald Thwaites | |
Kingston East & Port Royal | Egwugwu Priestly | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Phillip Paulwell | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Phillip Paulwell | |
Kingston Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Desmond McKenzie | Joseph Witter | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Desmond McKenzie |
Manchester Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|Шаблон:Black | ||||||
Manchester Central | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Rhoda Moy Crawford | Peter Bunting | Rohan Chung (Ind.) | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Peter Bunting | ||
Manchester North Eastern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Audley Shaw | Donald Jackson | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Audley Shaw | |||
Manchester North Western | Damion Young | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Mikael Phillips | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Mikael Phillips | |||
Manchester Southern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Robert Chin | Michael Stewart | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Michael Stewart |
Portland Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | |||||
Portland Eastern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Ann-Marie Vaz | Bishop Purcell Jackson | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Ann-Marie Vaz | |
Portland Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Daryl Vaz | Valerie Neita Robertson | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Daryl Vaz |
Saint Andrew Parish
Saint Ann Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|Шаблон:Black | ||||||
Saint Ann North Eastern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Marsha Smith | Keith Brown | Marsha Smith" | ||||
Saint Ann North Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Krystal Lee | Dayton Campbell | Peter Shand (Ind.) | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Krystal Lee | ||
Saint Ann South Eastern | Delroy Granston | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Lisa Hanna | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Lisa Hanna | |||
Saint Ann South Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Zavia Mayne | Valenton Wint | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Zavia Mayne |
Saint Catherine Parish
Saint Elizabeth Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | |||||
Saint Elizabeth North Eastern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Delroy Slowley | Basil White | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | † Evon Redman | |
Saint Elizabeth North Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | William J.C. Hutchinson | Ryan Keating | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | William J.C. Hutchinson | |
Saint Elizabeth South Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Floyd Green | Ewan Stephenson | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Floyd Green | |
Saint Elizabeth South Eastern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Franklyn Witter | Dwaine Spencer | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Franklyn Witter |
Saint James Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|Шаблон:Black | ||||||
Saint James Central | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Heroy Clarke | Andre Hylton | Ras-Astor Black (Ind.) | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Heroy Clarke | ||
Saint James East Central | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Edmund Bartlett | Michael Hemmings | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Edmund Bartlett | |||
Saint James North Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Horace Chang | George Hamilton | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Horace Chang | |||
Saint James Southern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Homer Davis | Walton Small | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | † Derrick Kellier | |||
Saint James West Central | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Marlene Malahoo Forte | Andre Haughton | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Marlene Malahoo Forte |
Saint Mary Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | |||||
Saint Mary Central | Lennon Richards | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Morais Guy | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Morais Guy | |
Saint Mary South Eastern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Norman Dunn | Shane Alexis | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Norman Dunn | |
Saint Mary Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Robert Montague | Jason Stanford | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Robert Montague |
Saint Thomas Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | |||||
Saint Thomas Eastern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Michelle Charles | Fenton Ferguson | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Fenton Ferguson | |
Saint Thomas Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | James Robertson | Marsha Francis | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | James Robertson |
Trelawny Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|Шаблон:Black | ||||||
Trelawny Northern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Tova Hamilton | Victor Wright Jnr | Genieve Dawkins (Ind.) | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Victor Wright | ||
Trelawny Southern | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Marisa Dalrymple-Philibert | Lloyd Gillings | Richard Sharpe (Ind.) | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Marisa Dalrymple-Philibert |
Westmoreland Parish
Electoral District | Candidates | Incumbent | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | colspan="2" style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|Шаблон:Black | ||||||
Westmoreland Central | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | George Wright (became
independent MP in 2021[39]) |
Dwayne Vaz | George Wright (Ind.)[39]
Torraino Beckford (Ind.) |
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Dwayne Vaz | ||
Westmoreland EasternШаблон:Refn | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Daniel Lawrence | Luther Buchanan | Haile Mika'el (Ind.) | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Luther Buchanan | ||
Westmoreland Western | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Morland Wilson | Wykeham McNeill | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" | | Wykeham McNeill |
Marginal seats
The following lists identify and rank seats using the vote margin by which the party's candidate finished behind the winning candidate in the 2015 election. This vote margin is given as a percentage of all eligible voters in the district.
For information purposes only, seats that have changed hands through subsequent by elections have been noted. Seats whose members have changed party allegiance are ignored.
Opinion polls
Don Anderson, CEO of Market Research Services Limited, Larren Peart, founder and CEO of Bluedot Data Intelligence Limited and Bill Johnson of Johnson's Survey Research Limited Inc have commissioned opinion polling for the general election regularly sampling the electorates' opinions.
Date | Pollster | Sample size |
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | Other | Lead |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 September 2020 | 2020 general election | – | 57.1 | 42.8 | 0.1 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="14.3" |14.3 |
21–24 August 2020 | RJR Gleaner Group/Don Anderson poll[40] | – | 37 | 25 | 38 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="12" |12 |
21–23 August 2020 | Jamaica Observer/Bill Johnson poll[41] | 1,000 | 37 | 23 | 40 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="12" |14 |
20 July–6 August 2020 | Nationwide News Network/Bluedot poll[42] | – | 52 | 34 | 14 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="18" |18 |
23 July–3 August 2020 | RJR Gleaner Group/Don Anderson poll[43] | – | 36 | 20 | 44 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="16" |16 |
9–12 July 2020 | Jamaica Observer/Bill Johnson poll[44] | 1,200 | 36 | 17 | 47 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="19" |19 |
13–20 June 2020 | Mello TV/Bill Johnson poll[45] | 1,200 | 38 | 19 | 43 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="19" |19 |
12–15 March 2020 | Jamaica Observer/Bill Johnson poll[46] | 1,200 | 33 | 19 | 48 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="14" |14 |
8–18 February 2020 | RJR Gleaner Group/Don Anderson poll[47] | 1,038 | 30 | 22 | 48 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="8" |8 |
2–19 December 2019 | Nationwide News Network/Bluedot poll[48] | – | 56 | 44 | 0 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="12" |12 |
7 August 2019 | Don Anderson poll[49] | – | 35 | 30 | 35 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="5" |5 |
2–4 August 2019 | One PNP/Bill Johnson poll[50] | 1,000 | 34 | 32 | 34 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="2" |2 |
28 March 2019 | RJR Gleaner Group/Don Anderson poll[51] | 1,003 | 29 | 18 | 53 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="11" |11 |
12 March 2018 | RJR Gleaner Group/Don Anderson poll[52] | – | 26 | 19 | 55 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="6" |6 |
25 February 2016 | 2016 general election | – | 50.1 | 49.7 | 0.2 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="0.4" |0.4 |
CEAC Solutions polling
These polls are used internally by the PNP.[53]
Date | Pollster | Sample size |
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[Jamaica Labour Party|Шаблон:Black]] | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;" |[[People's National Party|Шаблон:Black]] | Other | Lead |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
3 September 2020 | 2020 general election | – | 57.1 | 42.8 | 0.1 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="14.3" |14.3 |
28-29 August 2020 | CEAC Solutions poll[54] | 366 | 41 | 44 | 15 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="3" |3 |
25 February 2016 | 2016 general election | – | 50.1 | 49.7 | 0.2 | style="background:Шаблон:Party color;color:white;" data-sort-value="0.4" |0.4 |
Results
The ECJ reported that 97% of the polling stations had opened by 7:00 AM, and the remaining stations were open by 8:00 AM.[55] The polls closed at 5:00 PM.[56] Election observers included the EU delegation to Jamaica [57] and a domestic NGO, Citizens Action for Free and Fair Elections (CAFFE).[58]
Before 10:00 PM, preliminary results indicated that the JLP had won 44 seats; for the first time since 1967, the JLP was re-elected while contesting all seats.[59] PNP leader Phillips did not give a concession speech, but called Holness privately to offer congratulations.[60] Phillips resigned as PNP leader on 4 September 2020.[61] The full preliminary count indicated a total of 49 seats for the JLP.[62] A tie in Westmoreland Eastern was declared to be won by the JLP after a recount.[63]
PM Holness was sworn in for a new term by Governor-General Sir Patrick Allen on 7 September 2020. The ceremony, which was held at King's House, was restricted to 32 people to comply with public health measures.[64]
References
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 "Jamaica Votes In General Election On September 3, 2020" (Шаблон:Webarchive). Jamaica Gleaner, 11 August 2020.
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- ↑ "JLP Trounces PNP 49 to 14 Seats" (Шаблон:Webarchive). The Gleaner, 3 September 2020.
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- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
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