Английская Википедия:2020 New Zealand euthanasia referendum

Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use New Zealand English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox referendum Шаблон:Politics of New Zealand A binding referendum^[1] was held in New Zealand on 17 October 2020, on the question of whether to legalise euthanasia via the End of Life Choice Act 2019.^[2] The vote was held in conjunction with the 2020 general election, and official results were released on 6 November 2020, with 65.1% in support and 33.7% opposed.^[3]

The act came into force on 7 November 2021, twelve months after the final vote count was announced.^[4] The End of Life Choice Act legalises voluntary euthanasia for those with a terminal illness and less than six months left to live, if confirmed to be eligible by two doctors.^[1]^[5] New Zealand is the first country to have put euthanasia legalisation to a referendum.^[1]

Votes for the End of Life Choice referendum were included on the same ballot as the 2020 cannabis referendum, which sought to legalise recreational cannabis.

Background

Шаблон:Main Prior to 2021, euthanasia was illegal in New Zealand, with it being illegal to "aid and abet suicide" under section 179 of the Crimes Act 1961.

Two earlier attempts to legalise euthanasia failed to get through the New Zealand Parliament. Hawkes Bay National MP Michael Laws's 1995 Death with Dignity Bill failed with 61 votes against and 29 supporting, and NZ First MP Peter Brown's 2003 Death with Dignity Bill failed in its first reading by 60 votes opposing to 58 supporting.^[6]

End of Life Choice Bill

Шаблон:Main ACT party MP David Seymour entered the End of Life Choice Bill to the member's bill ballot in October 2015.^[7] The bill passed its first reading 76–44 in December 2017 and its second reading 70–50 in June 2019.^[8]^[9] In the committee of the whole House, support from the New Zealand First party became conditional on a referendum to decide whether the law should come into force.^[5] An amendment to require a referendum passed 69–51,^[10] and the bill passed its third reading with the same numbers on 13 November.^[11] The bill received royal assent on 16 November 2019, becoming the End of Life Choice Act 2019.

Referendum structure

Файл:Sample ballot for the 2020 New Zealand referendums.jpg

A sample ballot for the 2020 referendums.

Following the third reading, the act was written such that it could only come into force following a majority support at a referendum, which would make the legislation active twelve months after the final vote count.^[12] If the majority had opposed the legislation in the referendum (or any subsequent referendum, if the first had been voided), it would have been repealed by 16 November 2024, five years after it received royal assent.^[2]

The wording of the referendum was also written into the act, and asked voters:^[12]

Do you support the End of Life Choice Act 2019 coming into force?

Yes, I support the End of Life Choice Act 2019 coming into force.
No, I do not support the End of Life Choice Act 2019 coming into force.

Public opinion

Support for assisted dying between 2000 and 2019 averaged at around 68%,^[5] and prior to the act passing into law in 2019, support for some kind of medically assisted euthanasia for the terminally ill was polled at 74% in April,^[13] and 72% in July of 2019.^[5]

During the 16-month-long select committee stage of the End of Life Choice Bill, 39,000 public submissions were made, with 90% of submitters opposed to it.^[10] Over one thousand doctors signed an open letter in mid-2019 saying that they "want no part in assisted suicide".^[14]

Файл:Opinion polling for the 2020 New Zealand euthanasia referendum.svg

Summary of poll results given below. Lines give the mean estimated by a LOESS smoother (smoothing set to span = 0.75).

Through 2020, following the act's assent, public support for it polled at 60–65%:

Date	Polling organisation	Sample size	For	Against	Undecided	Lead
10–14 Oct 2020	1 News Colmar Brunton	1,005	60	33	7	27
17–21 Sep 2020	1 News Colmar Brunton	1,008	64	25	11	39
20–23 Aug 2020	Research New Zealand	1,003	62	24	14	38
9–13 Jul 2020	Research New Zealand	1,012	64	18	18	46
6-8 Mar 2020	Research New Zealand	1,000	60	21	19	39
8–12 Feb 2020	1 News Colmar Brunton	1,004	65	25	9	40
27 Nov – 2 Dec 2019	Research New Zealand	750	70	24	6	48
17–26 Nov 2019	Horizon Research	1,521	70	30	–	40
20–24 Jul 2019	1 News Colmar Brunton	1,003	72	20	7	52
19–29 Apr 2019	Horizon Research Шаблон:Webarchive	1,341	74	19	7	55

Campaigning and endorsements

The rules regarding campaigning for referenda are the same as for general elections. All advertisements must carry a promoter statement, stating the name and physical address of the promoter. It is illegal to campaign on polling day, or within a Шаблон:Convert radius of an advance polling booth.

During the regulated period, which ran from 18 August to 16 October 2020, promoters have to declare their campaign expenses and there are limits on how much they may spend on referendum campaigning. The maximum expense limit was $338,000 per referendum for those promoters registered with the Electoral Commission, and $13,600 per referendum for unregistered promoters.^[15]

Results

Файл:2020 New Zealand euthanasia referendum results.svg

Results of the 2020 euthanasia referendum

Unlike the general election, a preliminary count for the euthanasia referendum was not conducted on election night (17 October 2020). Instead, the referendum votes were counted alongside the mandatory election recount.^[16]

All voting papers, counterfoils and electoral rolls are returned to the electorate's returning officer for counting. During the count, the returning officer approves and counts any special votes,Шаблон:Efn and compiles a master electoral roll to ensure no-one has voted more than once.^[17] To simplify processing and counting, overseas votes are sent and counted at the Electoral Commission's central processing centre in Wellington, rather than to electorate returning officers.^[18]

Preliminary results for the referendums were released by the Electoral Commission on 30 October 2020. These results had 65.2% of people in support of the legislation.^[19]

Following the counting of the 480,000 special votes, official results for the general election and referendums were released on 6 November. Based on the final results, 65.1% of people supported the legislation while 33.7% opposed it.^[3]

The new legislation took effect on 7 November 2021.^[20]^[21]

Official results of the New Zealand euthanasia referendum, 17 October 2020^[3]
Option	Votes
Option	Num.	%
Шаблон:Tick Yes	1,893,290	65.91
Шаблон:Cross No	979,079	34.09
Total	2,872,369	100.00
Informal votes	35,702	1.23
Total votes cast	2,908,071	100.00
Registered voters and turnout	3,549,564	82.24

Шаблон:Referendum bar

By polling place location

As each polling place had only one ballot box for ordinary referendum votes, ordinary votes were broken down by the general electorate where the polling place was located. Special votes were broken down by electorate. Both ordinary and special votes have been combined in the following table.^[22]

Electorate	Шаблон:Tick Yes		Шаблон:Cross No		Informal	Turnout
Electorate	Num.	%	Num	%	Informal	Turnout
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	28,889	76.88	8,690	23.12	417
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	31,660	68.93	14,268	31.07	458
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	31,743	69.11	14,186	30.89	401
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	22,417	57.25	16,740	42.75	575
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	30,899	67.87	14,629	32.13	603
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	32,799	68.84	14,843	31.16	518
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	33,745	70.64	14,023	29.36	432
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	34,560	68.77	15,694	31.23	505
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	34,645	65.84	17,972	34.16	710
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	29,890	68.03	17,972	31.97	416
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	31,138	70.12	13,267	29.88	485
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	28,862	62.10	17,616	37.90	591
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	29,127	63.22	16,942	36.78	627
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	33,503	66.63	16,778	33.37	672
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	27,562	64.88	14,921	35.12	453
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	26,536	63.77	15,076	36.23	404
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	29,961	70.17	12,738	29.83	353
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	34,951	70.00	14,979	30.00	504
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	19,078	58.72	13,411	41.28	583
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	25,331	63.87	14,979	36.13	559
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	11,774	38.37	13,411	61.63	745
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	18,677	46.84	21,201	53.16	1,025
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	24,005	62.68	14,295	37.32	561
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	30,697	71.46	12,260	28.54	561
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	21,326	55.66	16,990	44.34	779
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	32,530	70.95	13,321	29.05	519
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	34,240	69.85	14,777	30.15	545
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	26,349	64.60	14,438	35.40	672
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	31,526	66.57	15,835	33.43	461
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	29,637	69.93	12,745	30.07	362
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	28,002	68.08	13,128	31.92	468
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	34,542	67.25	16,819	32.75	636
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	27,437	67.70	13,093	32.30	434
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	35,022	68.01	16,477	31.99	573
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	25,091	62.83	14,842	37.17	483
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	25,756	62.58	15,401	37.42	459
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	14,868	47.54	16,406	52.46	956
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	27,050	65.12	14,486	34.88	563
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	28,886	67.71	13,763	32.29	446
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	29,775	65.57	15,632	34.43	475
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	29,312	65.80	15,236	34.20	396
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	26,608	64.29	14,781	35.71	511
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	29,505	69.92	12,696	30.08	761
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	29,376	64.94	15,862	35.06	582
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	27,738	69.72	12,046	30.28	284
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	27,664	68.83	12,526	31.17	327
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	28,688	66.12	14,702	33.88	410
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	17,251	56.73	13,158	43.27	624
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	28,660	67.52	13,787	32.48	474
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	27,061	67.55	12,998	32.45	370
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	33,842	68.11	15,842	31.89	453
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	33,647	65.59	17,652	34.41	506
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	25,380	58.68	17,872	41.32	695
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	30,037	67.18	14,675	32.82	505
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	23,267	63.94	13,121	36.06	454
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	24,346	64.77	13,241	35.23	419
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	30,917	68.15	14,450	31.85	388
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	33,290	69.38	14,693	30.62	467
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	28,862	68.03	13,566	31.97	401
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	46,187	76.14	14,474	23.86	666
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	28,941	71.36	11,615	28.64	446
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	28,749	64.04	16,128	35.94	483
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	29,539	68.24	13,747	31.76	304
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	34,823	67.85	16,500	32.15	642
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	28,259	63.90	15,965	36.10	623
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	3,915	58.71	2,753	41.29	255
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	3,390	60.68	2,197	39.32	224
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	3,984	58.19	2,862	41.81	240
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	3,734	59.93	2,497	40.07	173
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	3,942	59.15	2,722	40.85	204
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	4,157	67.63	1,990	32.37	185
Шаблон:NZ electorate link	3,753	57.63	2,759	42.37	241
Total	1,893,290	65.91	979,079	34.09	35,702

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Official website

Шаблон:New Zealand elections

[Guardian_vote-1] 1,0 ^1,1 ^1,2 Шаблон:Cite news

[Act-2] 2,0 ^2,1 Шаблон:Cite web

[Official_referendum_results-3] 3,0 ^3,1 ^3,2 Шаблон:Cite web

[4] Шаблон:Cite web

[NZH_pass-5] 5,0 ^5,1 ^5,2 ^5,3 Шаблон:Cite news

[6] Шаблон:Cite web

[7] Шаблон:Cite web

[8] Шаблон:Cite news

[9] Шаблон:Cite news

[Stuff_pass-10] 10,0 ^10,1 Шаблон:Cite web

[11] Шаблон:Cite web

[referendum_info-12] 12,0 ^12,1 Шаблон:Cite web

[13] Шаблон:Cite web

[14] Шаблон:Cite news

[15] Шаблон:Cite web

[about_the_election-16] Шаблон:Cite web

[17] Шаблон:Cite web

[18] Шаблон:Cite web

[19] Шаблон:Cite news

[20] Шаблон:Cite web

[21] Шаблон:Cite web

[22] Шаблон:Cite web

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Английская Википедия:2020 New Zealand euthanasia referendum

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