Английская Википедия:2020 in spaceflight
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use British English Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox Year in spaceflight Шаблон:TLS-L
This article documents notable spaceflight events during the year 2020. Шаблон:TOC level
Overview
Astronomy and astrophysics
The GECAM A and B satellites were launched on 9 December. They were built for research in electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves.
Exploration of the Solar System
Three missions to Mars were launched in 2020, including two rovers, two orbiters, and a lander. NASA has launched the Mars 2020 mission, which includes the Perseverance rover and Ingenuity helicopter, and will cache samples for eventual return to Earth.[1] The China National Space Administration (CNSA) has launched its Tianwen-1 mission, which includes an orbiter, a lander, a small rover and a group of deployable and remote cameras;[2] it is China's first mission to another planet using its own delivery vehicle.[1] Finally, the United Arab Emirates, in partnership with American universities, has launched the Hope Mars Mission orbiter on a Japanese rocket.[1]
In November, China launched Chang'e 5, the first sample-return mission to the Moon since Luna 24 in 1976. Chang'e 5 used the recently developed Long March 5 heavy-lift rocket. The mission performed the first-ever robotic lunar orbit rendezvous[3] and returned Шаблон:Cvt of lunar soil and rock samples on 16 December.[4]
NASA's OSIRIS-REx mission landed on asteroid 101955 Bennu in October to obtain a surface sample for return to Earth. JAXA's Hayabusa2 mission returned samples of 162173 Ryugu to Earth on 5 December 2020, with its re-entry vehicle recovered in Woomera, Australia.[5]
Heliophysics
One solar mission was launched: ESA's Solar Orbiter, on 10 February 2020, intended to study the Sun's heliosphere.[6] Parker Solar Probe, launched in 2018, decreased its minimal distance to the Sun further to 14.2 million km.[7]
Earth sciences satellites
ESA's Sentinel-6 ocean topography measuring satellite was launched on 21 November.
The launch of the TARANIS satellite, planned to study transient events in the Earths atmosphere, failed on 17 November.
Human spaceflight
In the United States, SpaceX's Dragon 2 spacecraft made its first crewed flight to the International Space Station on 31 May 2020 as part of the Commercial Crew Program,[8] enabling American human orbital spaceflight capability for the first time since the Space Shuttle's retirement in 2011. Dragon 2 became the first commercial system to fly humans to Earth orbit. The second crewed Dragon mission and its first operational mission, Crew-1, launched on 15 November 2020.[9]
China conducted an uncrewed flight test of a next generation crewed spacecraft in May 2020,[10] and continues preparations for the 2021 launch of the Tianhe Core Cabin Module of the Chinese Space Station.[11]
NASA astronaut Christina Koch set a women's record-breaking 328 days spaceflight ending on 6 February 2020. Francisco Rubio holds the all-time American record with 370 days; Cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov, still holding the record, had the all-time spaceflight length record of 437 days but died in 2022. Koch also participated in the first all-female spacewalk with Jessica Meir on 18 October 2019.[12]
Rocket innovation
SpaceX made three atmospheric test flights with prototypes of its fully reusable two-stage-to-orbit vehicle Starship.[13][14]
The trend towards cost reduction in access continued and several rockets made their maiden flights in 2020. Despite the increasing competition the cost of delivering cargo to the ISS went up.[15]
Satellite innovation
SpaceX started operation of its Starlink constellation in late 2020.[16] As of 2 December 2020, 955 satellites have been launched and Starlink is in a public beta testing phase. OneWeb planned to start service in 2020 as well,[17] but filed for bankruptcy in March 2020 after 74 satellites were launched.[18] OneWeb emerged from bankruptcy and plans to restart launches in December 2020.[19]
The Mission Extension Vehicle MEV-1 became the first telerobotically-operated spacecraft to service another satellite on-orbit when it completed the first phase of a 5-year mission to extend the life of the Intelsat 901 (I-901) satellite. In February 2020, MEV-1 captured the communications satellite, which had been moved to graveyard orbit some months before. In April 2020, MEV-1 successfully brought Intelsat-901 it back to position in geosynchronous orbit where it is now expected to operate for another five years. This was a space industry first as satellite servicing had previously been accomplished only with on-orbit human assistance, during the missions to service the Hubble Space Telescope in the early 2000s.[20]
Orbital launches
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January
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Suborbital flights
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Launches from the Moon
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Deep-space rendezvous
Date (UTC) | Spacecraft | Event | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
29 January[21] | Parker Solar Probe | 4th perihelion | |
17 February[22] | Juno | 25th perijove of Jupiter | |
10 April[22] | Juno | 26th perijove | |
10 April 04:25[23] | BepiColombo | Gravity assist at Earth | |
2 June[22] | Juno | 27th perijove | |
7 June[24] | Parker Solar Probe | 5th perihelion | |
11 July[25] | Parker Solar Probe | Third gravity assist at Venus | |
25 July[22] | Juno | 28th perijove | |
16 September[22] | Juno | 29th perijove | |
27 September[26] | Parker Solar Probe | 6th perihelion | |
16 October 03:58[27] | BepiColombo | First gravity assist at Venus | |
20 October[28] | OSIRIS-REx | Touch-and-go maneuver on Bennu for sampling | |
8 November[22] | Juno | 30th perijove | |
28 November | Chang'e 5 | Lunar orbital insertion [29] | |
1 December[30] | Chang'e 5 lander and ascent vehicle | Lunar landing | Sample return mission successfully landed in Mons Rümker region of Oceanus Procellarum, coordinates Шаблон:Coord. |
5 December[31] | Chang'e 5 ascent vehicle and orbiter | Lunar orbit rendezvous | First-ever robotic rendezvous and docking in lunar orbit |
5 December [32] | Hayabusa2 | Sample return to Earth | |
7 December[33] | Chang'e 5 ascent vehicle | Lunar impact | Intentional de-orbit following docking and transfer of samples to orbiter and reentry capsule |
13 December[33] | Chang'e 5 orbiter and reentry capsule | Trans-Earth injection | |
16 December[33] | Chang'e 5 reentry capsule | Lunar sample return | Perform a skip reentry to reduce the heating loads |
26 December | Solar Orbiter | First gravity assist at Venus [34] | |
30 December[22] | Juno | 31st perijove |
Extravehicular activities (EVAs)
Start Date/Time | Duration | End Time | Spacecraft | Crew | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:Nowrap 18:04 | 7 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 01:33 | Шаблон:Nowrap | Шаблон:Nowrap
{{#invoke:flag|icon|USA}} Jessica Meir |
During the 7-hour, 29-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts successfully replaced nickel-hydrogen batteries with newer, more powerful lithium-ion batteries for the power channel on one pair of the station's solar arrays.[35] |
20 January 17:33 | 6 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 00:31 | Expedition 61 | Шаблон:Nowrap
{{#invoke:flag|icon|USA}} Jessica Meir |
During the six hour and 58-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts successfully completed the battery upgrade for one channel on one pair of the station's solar arrays. Work included removing the last two nickel-hydrogen batteries from this area of the station's backbone near the port solar array and moving them to an external platform. The batteries will be stored there until they can be disposed of in the next Japanese HTV cargo spacecraft after it delivers tons of supplies to the space station later this year. Meir and Koch also installed the sixth and final new lithium-ion battery, and ground controllers verified the new batteries powered up successfully to provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for station operations.[36] |
25 January 11:04 | 6 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 17:20 | Expedition 61 | Шаблон:Nowrap
{{#invoke:flag|icon|Italy}} Luca Parmitano |
During the 6 hour, 16 minute spacewalk, the two astronauts successfully completed leak checks for the cooling system on the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) and opened a valve to being pressurizing the system. Preliminary testing shows AMS is responding as expected.[37] |
26 June 11:02 | 6 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 17:39 | Expedition 63 | Шаблон:Nowrap |
The spacewalkers removed five of six aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for one of two power channels for the starboard 6 (S6) truss, installed two of three new lithium-ion batteries, and installed two of three associated adapter plates that are used to complete the power circuit to the new batteries. Mission control reports that the two new batteries are working.Шаблон:PbThe two NASA astronauts completed all the work planned for this first of four spacewalks to replace batteries that provide power for the station's solar arrays on the starboard truss of the complex as well as initial tasks originally planned for the second scheduled spacewalk next Wednesday. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations.[38] |
1 July 11:13 | 6 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 17:14 | Expedition 63 | Шаблон:Nowrap |
During the six hour and one-minute spacewalk, the two NASA astronauts completed half the work to upgrade the batteries that provide power for one channel on one pair of the station's solar arrays. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations. They successfully moved and connected one new, powerful lithium-ion battery and its adapter place to complete the circuit to the new battery and relocated one aging nickel-hydrogen battery to an external platform for future disposal.[39] |
16 July 11:10 | 6 hours | 17:10 | Expedition 63 | Шаблон:Nowrap |
The two NASA astronauts completed all the work to replace batteries that provide power for the International Space Station's solar arrays on the starboard truss of the complex. The new batteries provide an improved and more efficient power capacity for operations. The spacewalkers removed six aging nickel-hydrogen batteries for the second of two power channels for the starboard 6 (S6) truss, installed three new lithium-ion batteries, and installed the three associated adapter plates that are used to complete the power circuit to the new batteries.[40] |
21 July 11:12 | 5 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 16:41 | Expedition 63 | Шаблон:Nowrap |
The two NASA astronauts installed a protective storage unit that includes two Robotic External Leak Locator (RELL) units the Canadian Space Agency's Dextre robot can use to detect leaks of ammonia, which is used to operate the station's cooling system. They removed two lifting fixtures at the base of station solar arrays on the near port truss, or backbone, of the station. The "H-fixtures" were used for ground processing of the solar arrays prior to their launch. They then completed tasks to prepare the outside of the Tranquility module for the arrival later this year of the Nanoracks commercial airlock on a SpaceX cargo delivery mission. They also routed Ethernet cables and removed a lens filter cover from an external camera.[41] |
18 November 15:12 | 6 hours Шаблон:Nowrap | 22:00 | Expedition 64 | Шаблон:Nowrap |
Spacewalk was conducted using Poisk Module airlock for the first time in 11 years. This spacewalk includes works in preparation of Pirs module decommissioning and departure: relocated antenna and repositioned instruments Replacement of fluid flow regulator was not done as astronauts were unable to open new module compartment, this task was deferred to a future spacewalk.[42] |
Orbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of orbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. For example, Soyuz launches by Arianespace in Kourou are counted under Russia because Soyuz-2 is a Russian rocket. Launches from the Moon are not included in the statistics.
{{#invoke:Chart|pie chart
| radius = 100 | slices = ( 39 : China : red ) ( 5 : Europe : navy ) ( 2 : India : darkorange ) ( 2 : Iran : darkgreen ) ( 1 : Israel : teal ) ( 4 : Japan : white ) ( 0 : North Korea : crimson ) ( 17 : Russia : brown ) ( 0 : Ukraine : yellow ) ( 44 : USA : blue ) | units suffix = | hide group legends = true
}}
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:CHN | 39 | 35 | 4 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:EUR | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:IND | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:IRN | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:JPN | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:RUS | 17 | 17 | 0 | 0 | Includes two European Soyuz launches from Kourou, French Guiana by Arianespace. | |
Шаблон:USA | 44 | 40 | 4 | 0 | Includes seven Electron launches from Mahia | |
World | 114 | 104 | 10 | 0 |
By rocket
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By family
Family | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara | Шаблон:RUS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Antares | Шаблон:USA | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane | Шаблон:EUR | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Astra | Шаблон:USA | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Atlas | Шаблон:USA | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Ceres | Шаблон:CHN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Delta | Шаблон:USA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Electron | Шаблон:USA | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
Falcon | Шаблон:USA | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | |
H-II | Шаблон:JPN | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou | Шаблон:CHN | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
LauncherOne | Шаблон:USA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March | Шаблон:CHN | 34 | 32 | 2 | 0 | |
Minotaur | Шаблон:USA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
R-7 | Шаблон:RUS | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
Safir | Шаблон:IRN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
ILV | Шаблон:IND | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shavit 2 | Шаблон:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Шаблон:IRN | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Universal Rocket | Шаблон:RUS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Шаблон:EUR | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By type
Rocket | Country | Family | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara | Шаблон:RUS | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Antares 200 | Шаблон:USA | Antares | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 | Шаблон:Flag | Ariane | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V | Шаблон:USA | Atlas | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Ceres-1 | Шаблон:CHN | Ceres | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Delta IV | Шаблон:USA | Delta | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Electron | Шаблон:USA | Electron | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 | Шаблон:USA | Falcon | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA | Шаблон:JPN | H-II | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Шаблон:JPN | H-II | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Kuaizhou | Шаблон:CHN | Kuaizhou | 4 | 2 | 2 | 0 | |
LauncherOne | Шаблон:USA | LauncherOne | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 2 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 4 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 6 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 7 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 8 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur IV | Шаблон:USA | Minotaur | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV | Шаблон:IND | ILV | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton | Шаблон:RUS | Universal Rocket | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Qased | Шаблон:IRN | Safir | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Rocket 3 | Шаблон:USA | Astra | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Shavit 2 | Шаблон:ISR | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Шаблон:IRN | Simorgh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2 | Шаблон:RUS | R-7 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Шаблон:Flag | Vega | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By configuration
Rocket | Country | Type | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angara A5 / Briz-M | Шаблон:RUS | Angara | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Antares 230+ | Шаблон:USA | Antares | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Ariane 5 ECA | Шаблон:Flag | Ariane 5 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 411 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Atlas V 501 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 531 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 541 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Atlas V 551 | Шаблон:USA | Atlas V | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Delta IV Heavy | Шаблон:USA | Delta IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Ceres-1 | Шаблон:CHN | Ceres-1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Electron | Шаблон:USA | Electron | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
Falcon 9 Block 5 | Шаблон:USA | Falcon 9 | 25 | 25 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIA 202 | Шаблон:JPN | H-IIA | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
H-IIB | Шаблон:JPN | H-IIB | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Final flight |
Kuaizhou 1A | Шаблон:CHN | Kuaizhou | 3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | |
Kuaizhou 11 | Шаблон:CHN | Kuaizhou | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
LauncherOne | Шаблон:USA | LauncherOne | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 2C | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2D | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 2 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 2F/T | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 3B/E | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 3 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
Long March 4B | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 4 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 4C | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 4 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 5 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 5 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 5B | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 5 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 6 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 6 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Long March 7A | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 7 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 8 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 8 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Long March 11 | Шаблон:CHN | Long March 11 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Minotaur IV | Шаблон:USA | Minotaur IV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Proton-M / Briz-M | Шаблон:RUS | Proton | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-XL | Шаблон:IND | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
PSLV-DL | Шаблон:IND | PSLV | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Qased | Шаблон:IRN | Qased | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Rocket 3 | Шаблон:USA | Rocket 3 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | Maiden flight |
Shavit 2 | Шаблон:ISR | Shavit | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Simorgh | Шаблон:IRN | Simorgh | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1a / Fregat-M or ST-A | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Soyuz-2.1b / Fregat-M or ST-B | Шаблон:RUS | Soyuz-2 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
Vega | Шаблон:Flag | Vega | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
By spaceport
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Site | Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baikonur | Шаблон:KAZ | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Cape Canaveral | Шаблон:USA | 20 | 20 | 0 | 0 | |
Jiuquan | Шаблон:CHN | 13 | 11 | 2 | 0 | |
Kennedy | Шаблон:USA | 10 | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Kourou | Шаблон:FRA | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
Mahia | Шаблон:NZL | 7 | 6 | 1 | 0 | |
MARS | Шаблон:USA | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | |
Mojave | Шаблон:USA | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
PSCA | Шаблон:USA | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
Palmachim | Шаблон:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Plesetsk | Шаблон:RUS | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Satish Dhawan | Шаблон:IND | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Shahroud | Шаблон:IRN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | First orbital launch |
Semnan | Шаблон:IRN | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | |
Taiyuan | Шаблон:CHN | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | |
Tanegashima | Шаблон:JPN | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Vandenberg | Шаблон:USA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Vostochny | Шаблон:RUS | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Wenchang | Шаблон:CHN | 5 | 4 | 1 | 0 | |
Xichang | Шаблон:CHN | 13 | 12 | 1 | 0 | |
Yellow Sea | Шаблон:CHN | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 114 | 104 | 10 | 0 |
By orbit
{{ #invoke:Chart | bar chart | float = center | width = 890 | height = 440 | stack = 1 | group 1 = 30:0:0:0:0 | group 2 = 11:0:0:0:0 | group 3 = 32:0:0:0:0 | group 4 = 1:0:0:0:0 | group 5 = 0: 5:0:0:0 | group 6 = 0: 3:0:0:0 | group 7 = 0:0:17:0:0 | group 8 = 0:0:0: 1:0 | group 9 = 0:0:0:0: 4 | group 10 = 0:0:0:0: 0 | colors = Navy : MediumBlue : RoyalBlue : DodgerBlue : LightSeaGreen : SkyBlue : SaddleBrown : DarkGray : Gold : White | group names = Low Earth : Low Earth (ISS) : Low Earth (SSO) : Low Earth (retrograde) : Medium Earth : Molniya : Geosychronous : Lunar transfer : Heliocentric : | x legends = Low Earth : Medium Earth / Molniya : Geosynchronous / transfer : High Earth / Lunar transfer : Heliocentric | units suffix = _launches }}
Orbital regime | Launches | Achieved | Not achieved | Accidentally achieved |
Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Transatmospheric | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
Low Earth / Sun-synchronous | 82 | 74 | 8 | 0 | Including flights to the ISS |
Geosynchronous / GTO | 19 | 17 | 2 | 0 | |
Medium Earth / Molniya | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | |
High Earth / Lunar transfer | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Heliocentric orbit / Planetary transfer | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 114 | 104 | 10 | 0 |
Suborbital launch statistics
By country
For the purposes of this section, the yearly tally of suborbital launches by country assigns each flight to the country of origin of the rocket, not to the launch services provider or the spaceport. Flights intended to fly below 80 km (50 mi) are omitted.
{{#invoke:Chart|pie chart
| radius = 100 | slices = ( 3 : Canada : #FE6F5E ) ( 1 : France : #9966CC ) ( 2 : India : darkorange ) ( 1 : Israel : teal ) ( 2 : Japan : white ) ( 2 : The Netherlands : #91A3B0 ) ( 8 : Russia : brown ) ( 1 : Turkey : #7C3030 ) ( 11 : USA : blue ) | units suffix = | hide group legends = true
}}
Country | Launches | Successes | Failures | Partial failures |
Remarks | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Шаблон:CAN | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:FRA | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:IND | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:ISR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:JPN | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:NLD | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | Includes T-Minus Dart launches from Australia | |
Шаблон:RUS | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:TUR | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | ||
Шаблон:USA | 11 | 11 | 0 | 0 | ||
World | 31 | 30 | 1 | 0 |
First successful orbital launch
See also
- Timeline of Solar System exploration#2020s
- 2020 SO, a near-Earth object orbiting Earth and Sun that was confirmed to be a remnant of 1966 in spaceflight in December[43]
Notes
References
External links
Шаблон:TLS-L Шаблон:Orbital launches in 2020 Шаблон:2020 in space Шаблон:Portal bar
- ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокspace-20200505
не указан текст - ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокspace-20191002
не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 22,0 22,1 22,2 22,3 22,4 22,5 22,6 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web Шаблон:PD-notice
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite tweet
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ 33,0 33,1 33,2 Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:PD-notice
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite webШаблон:PD-notice
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news