Английская Википедия:2020s in science and technology
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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Science and technology decades Шаблон:Science decade nav Шаблон:Decade by topic This article is a summary of the 2020s in science and technology.
Biology and medicine
- DeepMind used artificial intelligence for the first time to predict protein folding.[1]
- Singapore became the first jurisdiction to approve the sale of cultured meat.[2]
- The vaccines produced by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna against Coronavirus disease 2019 became the first vaccines developed using messenger RNA[3] and mark the fastest vaccine development and approval, taking only 10 months.[4]
- Oregon became the first jurisdiction to legalize the medicinal use of psilocybin for mental health treatment.[5]
Energy
- QuantumScape revealed that it had created the first functioning prototype of a solid-state battery, promising to massively increase battery capacity.[6]
- The Chinese Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak was turned on for the first time.[7] The China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor is being planned for commissioning later in the decade.
- Group14 Technologies has patented SCC55, a silicon-carbon composite, leading to 50% more in fully lithiated volumetric energy density than graphite used in conventional lithium-ion battery anodes.[8][9]
Environmental sciences
- The United Nations has designated the 2020s as the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.[10]
Space
- NASA's Mars 2020 mission, which includes the Perseverance rover, was successfully launched on 30 July 2020 to study the habitability of Mars in preparation for future human missions.[11]
- The Chang'e 5 successfully landed on the surface of the Moon in 2020.[12]
- 16 September 2021, SpaceX launched Inspiration4. It was the first orbital launch of an all-private crew, including the first person with a prosthesis who was also the youngest person in space (aged 29).
- NASA's Artemis 1 mission to the Moon launched on 16 November 2022 to test the Space Launch System rocket.
- The James Webb Space Telescope was successfully launched on 25 December 2021. On 12 July 2022, the first full-color images captured were released to the public which included Webb's First Deep Field and others.[13]
- India hopes to conduct its first human spaceflight, Gaganyaan in late 2024.[14]
- The first component of the Lunar Gateway, a proposed inhabitable space station to be implemented by multiple international space agencies on the Moon, the Power and Propulsion Element, is set to be delivered by a SpaceX Falcon Heavy in November 2024.[15]
- ESA's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer was launched on 14 April 2023.[16]
- SpaceX founder and entrepreneur Elon Musk plans to send the first Starship to Mars in 2029, paving the way to the colonization of the planet.[17]
- NASA plans to send "the first woman and the next man" to the Lunar south pole region via Artemis 3 in 2025.
- The European Space Agency plans to begin mining the Moon for natural resources by 2025.[18]
Transport
Air
- In 2021, United Airlines revealed plans to purchase 15 supersonic Boom Overture aircraft by the end of the decade.[19]
Land
- Waymo became the first company to offer self-driving car services to the general public without a human supervisor in Chandler, Arizona.[20]
- Autonomous delivery vehicles began transporting food to customers in Texas in 2021.[21]
Computing and artificial intelligence
- Artificial intelligence-assisted coding began to emerge in the early 2020s.[22]
- El Salvador passed Bitcoin law to become the first country to give cryptocurrency and bitcoin the status of legal tender.
Robotics and machine learning
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Physics
- In January 2020, Physicists discovered a unique metal with billions of quantum entangled electrons.[23]
- The Large Hadron Collider will once again begin operation in early 2021;[24][25][26][27] the collider was shut down in December 2018 "to enable major upgrade and renovation works."[24]
Paleontology
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Archaeology
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See also
- History of science and technology
- List of science and technology articles by continent
- List of years in science
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on science and technology
- History of technology by type
- List of science timelines
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite press release
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 24,0 24,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web