Английская Википедия:2023 Chicago mayoral election
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Use mdy dates Шаблон:Use American English Шаблон:Infobox election Шаблон:ElectionsIL The 2023 Chicago mayoral election was held on February 28, 2023, to elect the mayor of Chicago, Illinois. With no candidate receiving a majority of votes in the initial round of the election, a runoff election was held on April 4. This two-round election took place alongside other 2023 Chicago elections, including races for City Council, city clerk, city treasurer, and police district councils. The election was officially nonpartisan, with winner Brandon Johnson being elected to a four-year term which began on May 15.
Incumbent Lori Lightfoot ran for a second term in office, but placed third in the first round. Former CEO of Chicago Public Schools Paul Vallas and Cook County Commissioner Brandon Johnson advanced to a runoff. Other candidates eliminated in the first round included U.S. Representative Chuy Garcia and businessman Willie Wilson. Johnson defeated Vallas in the runoff, in what was considered an upset.[1][2][3][4][5] This was the first Chicago mayoral election since adopting nonpartisan two-round system elections in which the candidate who won the most votes in the first round did not win the runoff.
Candidates
Advanced to the runoff
The following candidates advanced to the runoff election held on April 4 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Experience | Announced | Шаблон:Abbr |
Файл:Brandon Johnson with Byron Sigcho-Lopez (cropped).jpg Шаблон:Sortname |
Cook County commissioner from the 1st district since 2018 | Шаблон:Dts Файл:Brandon Johnson for Chicago 48118368 (1).png Website |
[6] |
Файл:Paul Vallas March 2023 (alt crop).jpg Шаблон:Sortname |
Chief Executive Officer of Chicago Public Schools (1995–2001) Candidate for mayor in 2019 Democratic nominee for lieutenant governor in 2014 |
Шаблон:Dts Файл:Vallas logo 2023 lrg.png Website |
[7] |
Eliminated in the first round
Disqualified
- Johnny Logalbo, freelance counselor (ran a write-in campaign)[21][22]
- Frederick Collins, Chicago Police Department officer and candidate for mayor in 2015[23][22]
Withdrew
- John Catanzara, president of the Chicago Fraternal Order of Police[24][25] (endorsed Vallas)[26]
- Bradley Laborman, actor and realtor[27][28]
- Montelle Gaji[29]
- Raymond Lopez, alderman from the 15th ward since 2015[30][31] (ran for reelection, endorsed Wilson in first round and Vallas in runoff)[32][33][34]
Declined
The following speculated potential candidates did not run:
- Bill Conway, portfolio manager, former assistant Cook County state's attorney, and candidate for Cook County state's attorney in 2020[35] (ran for city council)[36]
- Stacy Davis Gates, president of the Chicago Teachers Union[37]
- Arne Duncan, former U.S. secretary of education (2009–2016) and former chief executive officer of Chicago Public Schools (2001–2009)[38][39] (endorsed Vallas)[40]
- La Shawn Ford, Illinois state representative from the 8th district (2007–present) and candidate for mayor in 2019[41][42]
- Janice Jackson, former chief executive officer of Chicago Public Schools[43]
- Mike Quigley, U.S. representative from Illinois's 5th congressional district since 2009Шаблон:Efn[44][45] (endorsed García)[46]
- Pat Quinn, former governor of Illinois (2009–2015)Шаблон:Efn[47][48] (endorsed García in the first round, then endorsed Vallas in the runoff)[49][50]
- Tom Tunney, alderman from the 44th Ward (2003–2023) and vice-mayor (2019–2023)Шаблон:Efn[51] (endorsed Vallas)[52]
- Jesse Sharkey, former president of the Chicago Teachers Union[53]
- Anna Valencia, Chicago City Clerk since 2017 and candidate for Illinois secretary of state in 2022[35] (ran for reelection)[54]
First round
First round campaign
Lightfoot's administration faced criticism due to rising crime rates in Chicago and accusations of covering up police misconduct. During her term, she clashed with members of the Chicago City Council, the Chicago Teachers Union, and Illinois governor J. B. Pritzker's administration. The New York Times remarked that she had an "uncanny ability to make political enemies." However, Lightfoot received praise for her efforts to build affordable housing, repair dilapidated areas of the city, and raise the minimum wage.[55]
A wide field of nine challengers qualified for the ballot.[56] Polling of the race was largely inconsistent but indicated that Lightfoot was in danger of losing re-election and that the candidates with the best chance of making a runoff were Lightfoot, U.S. Representative Chuy García, Cook County commissioner Brandon Johnson, former Chicago Public Schools CEO Paul Vallas, and businessman Willie Wilson. Polling also showed that Garcia enjoyed heavy support from Latino voters, while a plurality of white voters backed Vallas and a plurality of black voters backed Lightfoot. Vallas and Wilson were considered more moderate than Lightfoot, with García and Johnson being more progressive.[57] However, many organizations in the coalition of labor unions and progressive groups that supported García in his 2015 mayoral campaign instead backed Johnson in 2023.[58]
Lightfoot faced controversy when she emailed public school teachers offering school credit for students who interned on her campaign[59] and when she told South Side residents to either vote for her or not vote at all,[60] while Vallas faced accusations that he lived outside the city.[61] Lightfoot ran ads tying García to Sam Bankman-Fried and Michael Madigan and accusing Johnson of wanting to reduce police budgets.[62][63] She and García also ran ads accusing Vallas of being an anti-abortion Democrat in name only.[64] García also questioned whether Johnson could be objective as mayor given his close relationship with the Chicago Teachers Union, while Johnson in turn accused García of "abandoning the progressive movement" by adopting a more moderate policy platform in his 2023 campaign.[58][65]
Several days before the election, Fran Spielman of the Chicago Sun-Times opined that polls demonstrated Paul Vallas to be the top front-runner, being likely to place either first or second in the initial round of voting and advance to a runoff, with Garcia, Johnson, and Lightfoot in contention for the second runoff spot.[66]
First round polling
Шаблон:Collapse top Only showing polls by more-established polling sources: Bendixen & Amandi, GBAO, Impact Research, Lester & Associates, Mason–Dixon, Ogden & Fry, Public Policy Polling, and Victory Research Шаблон:Graph:Chart Шаблон:Collapse bottom Шаблон:Collapse top Шаблон:Graph:Chart Шаблон:Collapse bottom
Note: FiveThirtyEight rates pollsters with letter grades ranging from A+ to F, with A+ being the highest rating and F being the lowest (see more)
Aggregates of first round polls
Aggregator | Kam Buckner |
Chuy García |
Ja'Mal Green |
Brandon Johnson |
Sophia King |
Lori Lightfoot |
Roderick Sawyer |
Paul Vallas |
Willie Wilson |
Other | Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ballotpedia | 3% | 14% | 3% | 11% | 3% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|15% | 1% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|19% | 12% | colspan=2 Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan| 18% | |
CrowdWisdom360 | Шаблон:N/A | 13.8% | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|16.2% | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|16.2% | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|26.2% | 11.8% | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A |
Frank Calabrese | 2.3% | 16.8% | 2.5% | 11.6% | 2.6% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|17.5% | 0.7% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|21.6% | 10.4% | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A |
First round endorsements
Шаблон:Endorsements box Шаблон:Endorsements box Шаблон:Endorsements box Шаблон:Endorsements box Шаблон:Endorsements box Шаблон:Endorsements box Шаблон:Endorsements box Шаблон:Endorsements box Шаблон:Endorsements box Шаблон:Multiple image
First round results
The Chicago Board of Elections has claimed that early voting turnout in its 2023 municipal election is higher than early voting turnout in any previous Chicago municipal election.[81] Vallas and Johnson advanced to the April runoff.
Шаблон:Election box begin no party no change Шаблон:Election box winning candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box winning candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box write-in no party no change Шаблон:Election box total no party no change Шаблон:Election box end
Runoff
Runoff polling
Шаблон:Collapse top Only showing polls by more-established polling sources: BSP Research, Emerson, Lake Research Partners, Mason–Dixon, Victory Research
Шаблон:Graph:Chart Шаблон:Collapse bottom
Шаблон:Collapse top Шаблон:Graph:Chart Шаблон:Collapse bottom
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Brandon Johnson |
Paul Vallas |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IZQ Strategies | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A | April 1–3, 2023 | 632 (LV) | ± 4% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|50% | 45% | 6% |
Victory Research | B/C | March 31–April 2, 2023 | 900 (LV) | ± 3.27% | 45.4% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|49.6% | 5% | |
Emerson | A- | Шаблон:Small | March 23–25, 2023 | 1000 (LV) | ± 3% | 40.6% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|46.3% | 13% |
BSP Research | B/C | Шаблон:Small | March 15–23, 2023 | 1500 (LV) | ± 2.8% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|44% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|44% | 12% |
Victory Research | B/C | Шаблон:N/A | March 20–23, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | 44.2% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|46.3% | 10% |
IZQ Strategies | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A | March 15–16, 2023 | 680 (LV) | ± 4% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|46% | 44% | 10% |
Victory Research | B/C | Шаблон:N/A | March 6–9, 2023[82] | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | 39.1% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|44.9% | 16% |
Lake Research Partners | A/B | Johnson campaign[83] | March 2–7, 2023 | 800 (LV) | ± 3.46% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|45% | 40% | 14%Шаблон:Efn |
1983 Labs | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A | March 2–6, 2023[84] | 583 (RV) | ± 4.06% | 32.47% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|43.52% | 24.01% |
Шаблон:N/A | Vallas campaign[83] | March 1–6, 2023 | 800 (LV) | ± 3.5% | 38% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|47% | 15% | |
1983 Labs | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A | February 22–25, 2023 | 1,458 (RV) | ± 2.57% | 30.75% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|44.13% | 25.12% |
Victory Research | B/C | Шаблон:N/A | February 12–15, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | 32.6% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|46.0% | 21.3% |
Mason–Dixon | B/C | Шаблон:Small | January 31–February 3, 2023 | 625 (RV) | ± 4% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|39% | 38% |
Note: FiveThirtyEight rates pollsters with letter grades ranging from A+ to F, with A+ being the highest rating and F being the lowest (see more)
Aggregates of runoff polls
Aggregator | Brandon Johnson |
Paul Vallas |
---|---|---|
CrowdWisdom360 | 43.3% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|46.6% |
Hypothetical runoff scenario polls
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Anthony Beale |
Lori Lightfoot |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ogden & Fry (R)[80] | B/C | November 13, 2021 | 457 (LV) | ± 4.5% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|24.4% | 24.2% | – |
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
John Catanzara |
Lori Lightfoot |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ogden & Fry (R) | B/C | November 13, 2021 | 457 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 24% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|46% | 30% |
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Lori Lightfoot |
Arne Duncan |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ogden & Fry (R)[80] | B/C | November 13, 2021 | 457 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 23% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|31% | – |
Шаблон:Hidden end Шаблон:Hidden begin Шаблон:Collapse top Шаблон:Graph:Chart Шаблон:Collapse bottom
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Chuy García |
Lori Lightfoot |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1983 Labs | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A | February 22–25, 2023 | 1,458 (RV) | ± 2.57% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|54.35% | 23.41% | 22.24% |
Victory Research | B/C | Illinois Poll | February 12–15, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|38.6% | 33.9 | 27.5% |
Mason–Dixon | Шаблон:Small | B/C | January 31–February 3, 2023 | 625 (RV) | ± 4% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|54% | 30% | |
Cor Strategies (R)[74] | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A | January 26–30, 2023 | 614 (LV) | ± 3.95% | 35% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|42% | 24% |
Impact Research (D) | B/CШаблон:Efn | International Union of Operating Engineers Local 150Шаблон:Efn |
November 10–17, 2022 | 700 (LV) | ± 3.7% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|55% | 25% | |
Public Policy Polling (D) | A– | Chuy Garcia campaign | October 26–27, 2022 | 616 (LV) | ± 4.0% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|43% | 34% | 23% |
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Brandon Johnson |
Lori Lightfoot |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victory Research | B/C | Illinois Poll | February 12–15, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|37.1% | 32.4 | 30.5% |
Public Policy Polling (D) | A– | Chuy Garcia campaign | October 26–27, 2022 | 616 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 23% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|41% | 36% |
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Lori Lightfoot |
Mike Quigley |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Impact Research (D) | Mike Quigley campaign committee | B/CШаблон:Efn | March 21–27, 2022 | 600 (LV) | ± 4.0% | 35% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|45% | 20% |
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll Sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Lori Lightfoot |
Pat Quinn |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unspecified | Шаблон:N/A | Pat Quinn[85] | 35% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|45% |
Шаблон:Hidden begin Шаблон:Collapse top Шаблон:Graph:Chart Шаблон:Collapse bottom
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Lori Lightfoot |
Paul Vallas |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1983 Labs | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A | February 22–25, 2023 | 1,458 (RV) | ± 2.57% | 30.04% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|49.49% | 20.48% |
Victory Research | B/C | Illinois Poll | February 12–15, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | 30.1% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|49.3% | 20.6% |
Mason–Dixon | B/C | Шаблон:Small | January 31–February 3, 2023 | 625 (RV) | ± 4% | 35% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|48% | |
Cor Strategies (R)[74] | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A | January 26–30, 2023 | 614 (LV) | ± 3.95% | 40% | 40% | 20% |
Public Policy Polling (D) | A– | Chuy Garcia campaign | October 26–27, 2022 | 616 (LV) | ± 4.0% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|39% | 36% | 25% |
Ogden & Fry (R)[80] | B/C | Шаблон:N/A | November 13, 2021 | 457 (LV) | ± 4.5% | 24% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|28% | – |
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Lori Lightfoot |
Willie Wilson |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victory Research | B/C | Illinois Poll | February 12–15, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | 36.6% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|39.6% | 23.8% |
Public Policy Polling (D) | A– | Chuy Garcia campaign | October 26–27, 2022 | 616 (LV) | ± 4.0% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|43% | 35% | 22% |
Шаблон:Hidden end Шаблон:Hidden begin
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Chuy Garcia |
Brandon Johnson |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victory Research | B/C | Illinois Poll | February 12–15, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|42.4% | 39.0% | 18.6% |
Шаблон:Hidden end Шаблон:Hidden begin Шаблон:Collapse top Шаблон:Graph:Chart Шаблон:Collapse bottom
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Chuy Garcia |
Paul Vallas |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1983 Labs | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A | February 22–25, 2023 | 1,458 (RV) | ± 2.57% | 38.16 | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|42.76% | 19.07% |
Victory Research | B/C | Illinois Poll | February 12–15, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | 38.7% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|43.9% | 17.4% |
Mason–Dixon | B/C | Шаблон:Small | January 31–February 3, 2023 | 625 (RV) | ± 4% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|47% | 26% | |
Cor Strategies (R)[74] | Шаблон:N/A | Шаблон:N/A | January 26–30, 2023 | 614 (LV) | ± 3.95% | 25% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|45% | 30% |
Шаблон:Hidden end Шаблон:Hidden begin
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Chuy Garcia |
Willie Wilson |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victory Research | B/C | Illinois Poll | February 12–15, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|39.6% | 29.3% | 31.1% |
Шаблон:Hidden end Шаблон:Hidden begin
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Brandon Johnson |
Willie Wilson |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victory Research | B/C | Illinois Poll | February 12–15, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|35.4% | 28.7% | 36.0% |
Шаблон:Hidden end Шаблон:Hidden begin
Pollster | Pollster's rating from 538[67] |
Poll sponsor | Date(s) administered |
Sample sizeШаблон:Efn |
Margin of error |
Paul Vallas |
Willie Wilson |
Undecided |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Victory Research | B/C | Illinois Poll | February 12–15, 2023 | 806 (LV) | ± 3.45% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|49.9% | 36.5% | 13.6% |
Mason–Dixon | B/C | Шаблон:Small | January 31–February 3, 2023 | 625 (RV) | ± 4% | Шаблон:Party shading/Nonpartisan|43% | 36% |
Runoff endorsements
Endorsements in bold were made after the first round. <section begin="johnsonendorsements" /> Шаблон:Endorsements box <section end="johnsonendorsements" /> <section begin="vallasendorsements" /> Шаблон:Endorsements box <section end="vallasendorsements" /> <section begin="declinedtoendorse" /> Шаблон:Endorsements box <section end="declinedtoendorse" /> Шаблон:Multiple image
Runoff results
Шаблон:Election box begin no party no change Шаблон:Election box winning candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box candidate no party no change Шаблон:Election box total no party no change Шаблон:Election box end
See also
Notes
References
External links
- Official campaign websites
Шаблон:Illinois elections Шаблон:2023 United States elections
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокbuckner-johnson
не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокlaborers
не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite news
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокKingVallas
не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокQuigleyGarcia
не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокQuinnGarcia
не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег
<ref>
; для сносокtunney vallas
не указан текст - ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ 67,00 67,01 67,02 67,03 67,04 67,05 67,06 67,07 67,08 67,09 67,10 67,11 67,12 67,13 67,14 67,15 Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 74,0 74,1 74,2 74,3 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 80,0 80,1 80,2 80,3 Multiple Sources:
- Шаблон:Cite web (source for poll results)
- Шаблон:Cite web (source for dates, sample, and margin of error)
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 83,0 83,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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