Английская Википедия:2023 Gaza humanitarian crisis

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People stand amid the rubble of a building and looking at the ground. A man is carrying a large flower-patterned object.

Residents inspect the ruins of an apartment destroyed by Israeli airstrikes

The Gaza Strip is experiencing an humanitarian crisis as a result of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. At the start of the war, Israel implemented a complete blockade on the Gaza Strip, which has resulted in significant shortages of fuel, food, medication, water, and essential medical supplies. This siege resulted in a 90% drop in electricity availability, impacting hospital power supplies, sewage plants, and shutting down the desalination plants that provide drinking water. Widespread disease outbreaks have spread across Gaza.

Heavy bombardment by Israeli airstrikes caused catastrophic damage to Gaza’s infrastructure, further deepening the crisis. The Gaza Health Ministry reported over 4,000 children killed in the war's first month. UN Secretary General António Guterres stated Gaza had "become a graveyard for children."Шаблон:Efn

Organizations such as Doctors Without Borders, the Red Cross, and a joint statement by UNICEF, the World Health Organization, the UN Development Programme, United Nations Population Fund, and World Food Programme have warned of a dire humanitarian collapse. On November 8, UN Human Rights chief Volker Turk described the Rafah Crossing as "gates to a living nightmare."

Food and water

Food

On 18 October, Alia Zaki, a spokesperson for the World Food Programme stated that "people are at the risk of starvation". On the same day, an Israeli airstrike destroyed a bakery in the Nuseirat Camp, killing four bakers. On X, journalist Refaat Alareer wrote the bakery was one of the last in the central and southern Gaza Strip. On 19 October, several bakeries were reportedly hit by Israeli airstrikes, making it even harder for residents to find food. On 21 October, the UN released a statement saying food stocks were "nearly exhausted". Cindy McCain, executive director of the UN World Food Programme, stated people were "literally starving to death as we speak".

By 24 October, many bakeries had reportedly closed down, while those still open had hours-long lines. On 27 October, a spokesperson for the World Food Programme stated food and other basic supplies were "running out". By 28 October Israeli airstrikes had destroyed a fifth of the bakeries operating in the Strip. On 1 November, Israel bombed one of the last remaining bakeries in Gaza City. On 2 November, UNOCHA stated more than half of all bakeries in Gaza had been destroyed. On 3 November, UN officials stated the average Gazan diet consisted of only two pieces of bread per day. On 8 November, UNOCHA stated northern Gaza no longer had any functioning bakeries. ActionAid stated more than half a million Gazans faced death by starvation. On 11 November, Corinne Fleischer, Middle East regional director of the World Food Programme, stated, "hundreds of people are queueing for hours every day to get bread rations at bakeries," as people were being pushed "closer to starvation."

Cindy McCain stated on 17 November that civilians faced the immediate possibility of starvation. Ten days later, McCain stated Gaza was on the brink of famine. Begging for food became the "new norm." On 7 December, the WFP stated 97% of households had inadequate food consumption and 83% in southern Gaza were surviving through "extreme consumption strategies." By 10 December, the UN, international aid organizations, and relief workers in Gaza warned of mass starvation. A representative for Medical Aid for Palestinians stated, "The hunger wars have started." On 15 December, the United Nations estimated nine out of ten residents were not eating food every day.

On 20 December, the United Nations stated people in Gaza were experiencing "alarming levels of hunger never before witnessed". On 21 December, the United Nations stated more than half a million people in the Gaza Strip were starving. An Integrated Food Security Phase Classification report placed the entire population of Gaza at IPC Phase 3 or above (Crisis or worse) with 79 percent in Emergency (IPC Phase 4) or Catastrophe (IPC Phase 5). On 22 December, UNICEF warned of the increasingly growing threat of famine in the Gaza Strip.

Water supply

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Boy filling a water container with a garden hose in late-October 2023.

Before the war Gaza purchased a small share of its water from Israel (6% in 2021). Israel's blockade of water pipelines exacerbated water supply issues in the Gaza Strip, which already had a near lack of fit-to-drink aquifers. On 12 October, the United Nations said that Israeli actions had caused water shortages affecting 650,000 people. On 14 October, UNRWA announced Gaza no longer had clean drinking water, and two million people were at risk of death.

On 15 October, Israel agreed to resume water supply, but only in southern Gaza. Because Gaza's water pumps require electricity, the agreement did not ensure renewed water access. On 16 October, Minister of Energy Israel Katz said that water was available near southern Khan Younis, but the Gaza Interior Ministry denied this. By the same time, residents were drinking seawater and brackish water from farm wells, raising fears of waterborne diseases. Doctors and hospital staff drank IV solution.

By 17 October, the UN stated Gaza's last seawater desalination plant had shut down. The Guardian stated fears were growing people had begun to die from dehydration. On 18 October, Israel announced it would not allow fuel to enter Gaza. The UNRWA stated fuel was needed to resume water pump operations. Some Gazans purchased water from private vendors who purified water with solar panels. On 19 October, the UN reported Gazans were surviving on a daily average of three liters of water each. The World Health Organization recommends a minimum of 50 to 100 liters per day. On 22 October, the UN stated Gazans had resorted to drinking dirty water. On 25 October, Oxfam announced Gaza had "virtually run out" of water. On 29 October, Palestinian Water Authority chair Mazen Ghoneim stated the water shortage would be alleviated, as Israel reopened a second water pipeline.

On 3 November, the UN stated many still relied on "brackish or saline ground water," if they were drinking any water at all. On 6 November, OCHA stated continued water shortages were raising fears of dehydration. UNRWA announced on 15 November that due to the lack of fuel, 70 percent of Gaza would no longer have access to clean water. On 17 November, Oxfam stated Gaza's water supply was at seventeen percent of its pre-siege capacity. On 27 November, residents in northern Gaza received their first aid delivery of clean water since the war began. Doctors Without Borders stated on 18 December the water system in Gaza had collapsed. UNICEF reported children in southern Gaza were receiving 1.5 liters of water a day, while the minimum amount for survival is 3 liters per day.

On 13 December, Israel began pumping seawater into tunnels reportedly used by Hamas. Experts warned this would irreversibly damage Gaza's water aquifers and clearwater supply.

Disease

Physical health and disease

Public health experts warned of the outbreak and spread of disease in Gaza. According to Oxfam and the United Nations, Gaza's lack of clean water and sanitation would trigger a rise in cholera and other deadly infectious diseases. Oxfam stated Gaza's sewage pumping stations and wastewater treatment facilities had ceased operations, so the buildup of solid waste and unburied bodies were likely vectors of disease. Due to the lack of clean drinking water, Gaza residents were drinking water contaminated with sewage, seawater, and farm water, another major source of disease. Richard Brennan, regional emergency director at WHO, stated, "The conditions are ripe for the spread of a number of diarrhoeal and skin disease".

Doctors also warned of overcrowded conditions at schools and hospitals. Dr. Nahed Abu Taaema stated overcrowded shelters were "a prime breeding ground for disease to spread". Abu Taaema reported a rise in rashes, lung infections, and stomach issues. On 24 October, the Gaza Health Ministry recorded 3,150 cases of disease from drinking contaminated water, mostly among children. The lack of medical supplies was another reported issue, as the World Health Organization reported a sanitation crisis in hospitals, with some struggling to sanitize surgical equipment. Dr. Iyad Issa Abu Zaher stated, "The outbreak of disease is inevitable". UNRWA schools, where an estimated 600,000 Gazans were sheltering, reported outbreaks of scabies and chicken pox, as well as a lack of basic hygiene for women menstruating. On 27 October, Action Against Hunger warned people were developing kidney failure due to the consumption of salt water and dehydration.

On 6 November, OCHA stated individuals with disabilities were suffering disproportionately due to the lack of accommodations in most shelters. UNRWA announced cases of respiratory infections, diarrhoea and chicken pox had been reported at its shelters. On 10 November, WHO stated infectious diseases, including diarrhea and chickenpox, were soaring across the Gaza Strip. OCHA stated accumulated waste in the streets risked the spread of airborne diseases and infestations of insects and rats. Doctors reported that due to a lack of fresh water and iodine, patients wounds were often infested with maggots.

Raw sewage overflowed in the streets, creating a health and environmental disaster. On 8 November, the World Health Organization stated that since the start of the conflict, 33,551 cases of diarrhea had been reported, 8,944 cases of scabies and lice, 1,005 cases of chickenpox, 12,635 cases of skin rash and 54,866 cases of upper respiratory infections. On 17 November, WHO updated these numbers, stating there were 70,000 cases of acute respiratory infections and over 44,000 cases of diarrhea, which were significantly higher than expected. UNICEF warned the worsening sanitation situation threatened a mass disease outbreak.

On 28 November, WHO stated more Palestinians risked dying from disease than bombings. UNRWA chief Philippe Lazzarini warned of an impending humanitarian "tsunami" as people succumbed to disease and the deprivation of sanitation and clean water. A Hepatitis A outbreak was reported by the United Nations on 3 December. The UN reported disease outbreaks in southern Gaza shelters. Volker Türk warned of unsanitary conditions amidst mass displacement in southern Gaza. On 7 December, the World Health Organization reported increases in acute respiratory infections, scabies, jaundice, and diarrhea. On 13 December, 360,000 cases of infectious diseases were reported in shelters. On 20 December, WHO reported Gaza was experiencing "soaring rates of infectious disease outbreaks".

Psychological health

Шаблон:See also Weeks of continuous air strikes and explosions have contributed to the psychological destruction of children in Gaza. Following 16 days of bombardment, children developed severe trauma, with symptoms including convulsion, aggression, bed-wetting, and nervousness. 90% of children in pediatric hospitals in Gaza exhibited or reported symptoms of anxiety, the majority exhibited post-traumatic stress symptoms, and 82% reported fears of imminent death. On 6 November, UNICEF spokesman Toby Fricker warned of the psychological impacts and "massive stress" experienced by children in Gaza. On 17 November, WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated 20,000 people were in need of specialized mental health services.

Healthcare

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Doctor with wounded child, Al-Shifa.

The healthcare system of Gaza faced several humanitarian crises as a result of the conflict. Due to Israel's siege, hospitals faced a lack of fuel and relied on backup generators for the first two weeks of the war. By 23 October, Gaza hospitals began shutting down as they ran out of fuel, starting with the Indonesia Hospital. When hospitals lost power completely, multiple premature babies in NICUs died. Numerous medical staffers were killed by Israeli airstrikes, and ambulances, health institutions, medical headquarters, and multiple hospitals were destroyed. The Medecins Sans Frontieres said scores of ambulances and medical facilities were damaged or destroyed. By late-October, the Gaza Health Ministry stated the healthcare system had "totally collapsed".

Supplies shortages

Following the shutdown of the Gaza Strip power station on 11 October, it was reported that hospitals in Gaza would soon run out of available fuel to power generators. The Al-Aqsa Martyrs Hospital faced a dialysis crisis, with hundreds sharing only 24 dialysis machines. WHO announced it could no longer resupply al-Shifa and al-Quds hospitals due to the high levels of risk. On 1 November, the director of the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital stated Gaza's only cancer hospital was "completely out of service" after it ran out of fuel to power its generator.

On 2 November, the Indonesia Hospital announced its main generator was no longer operational. On 3 November, the Health Ministry stated 12 cancer patients had died after the Turkish Hospital shut down. On 4 November, the generators at Kamal Adwan Hospital shut down. As of 5 November, nearly half of all hospitals were out of service due to shortages of fuel and power, and amputations and C-sections were performed without anesthetic due to shortages of supplies.

On 8 November, Al-Quds completely ran out of fuel and shut down most services. The Ministry of Health stated Israel cut off Indonesia Hospital's electricity, water, and communication. On 13 November, Kamal Adwan Hospital ran out of fuel. The al-Amal Hospital's only generator shut down.

On 6 December, Doctors Without Borders stated fuel and medical supplies at al-Aqsa hospital were critically low. Doctors at Nasser Medical Complex in Khan Younis described a lack of supplies and barely any medical functionality.

Attacks and destruction

On 14 October, the Diagnostic Cancer Treatment Centre of the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital was partially destroyed by Israeli rocket fire. In a statement on 15 October, the World Health Organization stated four hospitals were no longer functioning after being targeted by Israeli airstrikes. On 17 October, a widely condemned explosion in the al-Ahli courtyard resulted in significant fatalities.

On 30 October, the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital was severely damaged by an Israeli airstrike. The Gaza Health Ministry stated the maternity ward at the Al-Helou International Hospital was hit by an Israeli bombardment.

Al-Quds and Indonesia Hospital were both also hit by strikes. The entrance of the al-Nasser Children's Hospital was hit by an Israeli strike. On 9 November, the Gaza government media office stated Israel had bombed eight hospitals in the past three days.

Israeli tanks surrounded four hospitals, al-Rantisi Hospital, al-Nasr Hospital, and the eye and mental health hospitals, from all directions. The Nasser Rantissi paediatric cancer hospital caught on fire after being hit by an Israeli airstrike and began evacuations. At least three hospitals were hit by Israeli airstrikes, leading the director of the Al-Shifa hospital to state, "Israel is now launching a war on Gaza City hospitals." The strikes resulted in multiple casualties. The Palestinian Red Crescent claimed Israeli snipers opened fire on children at al-Quds hospital, killing one and wounding 28.

On 20 November, Israel launched an offensive on Indonesia Hospital with an airstrike that reportedly killed 12 people. Following the strike, Israeli tanks surrounded the hospital. Staff at the hospital reported Israeli soldiers shooting inside the hospital indiscriminately.Шаблон:Efn Four doctors were reported killed after Israel bombed al-Awda Hospital on 22 November. The Kamal Adwan hospital stated Israeli bombings increased around the hospital. Two Red Crescent paramedics were wounded by gunfire from the Israeli military.

On 25 November, the director general of the Ministry of Health stated the Israeli military shot at medical teams during the temporary ceasefire in effect. Doctors Without Borders stated al-Awda hospital had been damaged in an Israeli bombing. On 9 December, WHO stated two health staff had been shot and killed by the IDF at Al Awda Hospital, besieged since 5 December. The director of the European Hospital stated its paramedics had been wounded in Israeli airstrikes. On 11 December, MSF stated one of its doctors inside Al Awda Hospital had been injured by an Israeli sniper.

Al-Shifa Hospital

Шаблон:Main In early November, Al-Shifa Hospital in Gaza experienced a surge in Israeli attacks, with the facility being bombed five times in a 24-hour period. An Israeli drone missile destroyed a medical convoy in front of the hospital, and on November 6, Israel targeted the hospital's solar panels. Doctors Without Borders reported a dramatic intensification of Israeli attacks on November 11, leading to power loss, sniper killings of staff, and the hospital being shelled and catching fire. Families attempting to leave the complex were reportedly shot and killed.Шаблон:Efn

Physicians for Human Rights documented the deaths of two premature babies at Al-Shifa due to electricity shortages. IDF spokesperson Daniel Hagari pledged assistance in evacuating babies, but the Gaza Health Ministry asserted a lack of provided mechanisms. On November 12, the hospital's director-general stated that 650 patients at Al-Shifa were in danger due to the catastrophic situation, including the destruction of the cardiac ward.

Doctors Without Borders reported dire conditions at Al-Shifa Hospital, citing a lack of essentials like food, water, and electricity, with reports of a sniper targeting patients. Israel's raid on the hospital on 15 November was described as an unimaginable nightmare.Шаблон:Efn Witnesses stated that Israel did not provide aid or supplies. The hospital faced challenges, including decomposing bodies and maggot-infested wounds, due to a lack of essential resources.

Amid deteriorating conditions, an evacuation of Al-Shifa began on November 18.Шаблон:Efn Ismail al-Thawabta, a Palestinian media office spokesperson, asserted that patients moved to other facilities faced a perilous fate. ActionAid characterized the evacuation as a death sentence. Concerns were raised about the adequacy of aid. The World Health Organization and the Palestinian Red Crescent participated in evacuation plans, aiming to transfer patients to alternative medical facilities.

The hospital stated six doctors would remain behind with 120 patients too sick to be transferred. A humanitarian team from the World Health Organization visited al-Shifa and found a lack of food, water, or medicine, with signs of gunfire and a mass grave. The director of al-Shifa said people were only given one hour to evacuate, stating, "we were forced to leave at gunpoint." WHO stated 25 health workers and 291 patients, including 32 babies remained at al-Shifa.

On 19 November, the premature babies at al-Shifa were evacuated to southern Gaza, where they were planned to be moved to Egypt the following day. The World Health Organization stated it was planning missions to transport the remaining al-Shifa patients to Nasser Medical Complex and European Gaza Hospital in the next 2-3 days. On 16 November, the Indonesia Hospital completely shut down, leaving 45 patients in need of surgery.

Staff at Al-Shifa stated 50 patients, including infants, had died due to power and oxygen shortages. The director of Al-Shifa stated Israel's claim to provide incubators to premature babies was false. On 22 November, the Palestinian Red Crescent stated fourteen ambulances had arrived at al-Shifa to evacuate the hospital's remaining patients.

On 26 November, the conditions for remaining patients at al-Shifa were reportedly dire. On 27 November, the Ministry of Health reported a volunteer effort at al-Shifa hospital sought to restart the dialysis department. By 28 November, the dialysis unit was reportedly reopened and receiving patients. On 7 December, the Gaza Health Ministry stated only basic first aid was being delivered at Al-Shifa Hospital.

Kamal Adwan Hospital

On 3 December, the IDF bombed the Kamal Adwan hospital, killing at least four people. Attacks in the vicinity of Kamal Adwan hospital were reported on 5 December. The director of Kamal Adwan Hospital stated Israel had killed two mothers and their newborn babies when Israel targeted its maternity ward. The UN confirmed the killings. Israel raided the Kamal Adwan Hospital. In response, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated WHO was extremely worried for Kamal Adwan's medical staff.

Evacuation challenges

A man carrying a bloodied and bandaged child.

Medic carrying wounded Palestinian child in Gaza

On 14 October, Israel ordered the evacuation of 22 hospitals in northern Gaza. The WHO described the order as a "death sentence" for the sick and wounded. Doctors across northern Gaza stated they were unable to follow Israel's evacuation order, since their patients, including newborns in the ICU, would die. Doctors at al-Quds Hospital and the Palestine Red Crescent reported they received a call from the Israeli army to evacuate the hospital or "bear the consequences".

On 29 October, the Palestinian Red Crescent reported that it had received warnings from Israeli authorities to immediately evacuate al-Quds hospital as it was “going to be bombarded”. That day, an Israeli airstrike struck 20 metres (65 feet) from the hospital. Mai al-Kaila, the Palestinian Minister of Health, stated the Israeli army was not evacuating patients, but rather "forcibly evicting the wounded and patients onto the streets, leaving them to face inevitable death." The director of the Nasr Hospital stated it had been evacuated under threat of Israeli weapons and tanks. Fighting near Al-Quds Hospital halted evacuation efforts.

On 21 November, the World Health Organization stated three hospitals in northern Gaza would be evacuated, meaning there would be no functioning hospitals left in northern Gaza. On 23 November, four patients died in the transfer from northern Gaza to the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital. The Red Cross reported its staff were shot at while providing humanitarian support. The Gaza Health Ministry announced it would cease coordination with the WHO on patient evacuations following the Israeli arrest of Palestinian doctors.Шаблон:Efn Staff at the Indonesia Hospital were reportedly ordered by the IDF to evacuate. The head of the Medical Emergency Rescue Committee stated patients and staff at the Indonesia Hospital were evacuated to the European Hospital in Khan Younis. Hospitals in northern Gaza, including al-Ahli Arab Hospital, were evacuated by the World Health Organization and the Red Cross.

The Health Ministry stated hundreds needed to be evacuated from Gaza to receive medical care. A spokesman for the Gaza crossing authority stated the Rafah crossing remained opened for the evacuation of the sick and wounded. On 7 December, the Palestinian Red Crescent stated 60 percent of the wounded in Gaza required urgent medical treatment abroad. Doctors Without Borders stated on 10 December stated that the Israeli army had forced them to evacuate the Martyrs and Beni Shueila clinics, and that healthcare had completely collapsed.

International aid

The Red Cross stated Gaza's entire health system was "on its knees". Medical Aid for Palestinians and UNICEF issued an "urgent warning" that 130 premature babies would die if fuel did not reach Gaza hospitals soon. A UN statement signed by five major branches stated deaths could soon "skyrocket" from disease and "lack of healthcare". On 23 October, the Indonesia Hospital ran out of fuel and completely lost power. The World Health Organization warned 46 of Gaza's 72 healthcare facilities had stopped functioning.

On 8 November, the Ministry of Defence of Italy announced it was sending a hospital ship to the coast of Gaza, in order to guarantee Palestinian civilians access to health services, essential goods and medical drugs. The ship, named Vulcano ("Volcano"), initially had 170 staff members on board, 30 of whom trained for medical emergencies; 28 more members between physicians, nurses and biologists were set to join the expedition in a later phase.Шаблон:Efn By early-December, the medical staff started performing emergency surgical operations for injured Palestinian patients who were either at risk of amputation, or waiting to be moved to the Children Hospital in Doha.

On 9 November, Health Minister Fahrettin Koca announced Turkey was prepared to receive Gaza's pediatric cancer patients. On 10 November, the International Red Cross stated Gaza's healthcare system had "reached a point of no return." The Government of Jordan reported Israel had ordered their field hospital to be evacuated and stated they would not comply. Italy and the United Arab Emirates stated they were considering establishing a field hospital in Gaza. A French warship was dispatched as a temporary hospital. On 2 December, Saudi Arabia donated six ambulances to the Palestinian Red Crescent. On 3 December, a UNICEF spokesman described Nasser Hospital as a "death zone."

WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated fighting in southern Gaza was making it increasingly difficult to run health operations. On 10 December, WHO adopted a resolution to protect healthcare in Gaza, which director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus described as "almost impossible in the current circumstances." On 12 December, WHO pleaded with the Israeli army not to destroy hospitals in southern Gaza. Doctors Without Borders said healthcare conditions in Gaza were akin to conditions during World War I.

Additional challenges

On 28 October, a communications blackout meant wounded civilians could not dial emergency services. Ambulances were then evenly geographically distributed to provide "faster access to the injured." A surgeon at Al-Ahli hospital stated on 18 November they had run out of blood for transfusions.

Doctors in south Gaza reported a lack of beds and supplies. By 8 December, an estimated 286 health workers in Gaza had been killed by Israel. On 4 December, Doctors Without Borders stated hospitals in southern Gaza were overflowing with wounded patients. The Ministry of Health stated 50,000 people had been wounded since the start of the conflict.

The Red Crescent stated al-Quds was completely out of service on 12 November, as Al-Shifa also stopped receiving patients. UNOCHA stated only four small hospitals in northern Gaza and eight health facilities in southern Gaza were still functioning. On 30 November, WHO chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus stated the health needs of Gaza had increased dramatically, though only one-third of its health facilities were functioning.

Airstrikes

October

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El-Remal in Gaza City following an Israeli airstrike, 10 October 2023

In just one week, Israel dropped more than 6,000 bombs on Gaza. Israel's airstrikes were described as a carpet bombing and "indiscriminate". By 16 October, airstrikes had killed 2,750 people, including more than 700 children, and wounded nearly 10,000. An additional 1,000 people were missing beneath rubble. On 16 October, Israeli airstrikes destroyed a UNRWA humanitarian aid supply depot. The same day, airstrikes destroyed the headquarters of the Palestinian Civil Defence, the agency responsible for emergency response services, including firefighting and search and rescue.

On 17 October, Israel conducted intensive airstrikes in southern Gaza, in areas it told residents to seek refuge. An airstrike at a UNRWA school killed at least six people. On 18 October, the Ahmed Abdel Aziz School in Khan Yunis was hit. On the same day, the death toll in Gaza had risen to 3,478. On 19 October, an Israeli airstrike hit the Church of Saint Porphyrius, where 500 people were sheltering. Israel "pounded" areas in south Gaza it had declared as "safe zones", raising fears amongst residents that nowhere was safe. On 19 October, U.S. officials reported alarm at Israeli comments about the "inevitability of civilian casualties", after it used the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki as historical comparisons for their Gaza campaign.

On 20 October, Israeli continued to bombard south Gaza. IDF spokesman Nir Dinar said, "There are no safe zones". On 21 October, Israel intensified its airstrikes in advance of an expected ground invasion. On 22 October, Israeli airplanes bombed the areas around the Al Shifa and Al Quds hospitals on a night described as the "bloodiest" of the conflict so far. On 23 October, airstrikes killed 436 people in the al-Shati camp and southern Khan Younis in just one night. On 26 October, Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu stated Israel had "already eliminated thousands of terrorists – and this is only the beginning". On 27 October, WHO stated more than 1,000 unidentified people were buried under rubble.

By 28 October, the Israeli Air Force bombed residential buildings without any prior warning, killing an estimated 50 people per hour. On 29 October, the IDF bombed the area around the Al-Quds hospital. On 30 October, Israel bombed the Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital. On 31 October, an airstrike on the Jabalia refugee camp was described as a "massive massacre."

November

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Victim of Israeli airstrike in Jabalia.

On 3 November, the Health Ministry stated 1,200 children were buried under rubble, 136 paramedics had been killed, and 25 ambulance vehicles had been destroyed. On the same day, Israel bombed a medical convoy outside of al-Shifa hospital. The IDF claimed the ambulance was being used by Hamas, leading Queen's University professor Ardi Imseis to state Israel needed to prove its claim. The IDF also bombed the Osama Ben Zaid school. On 4 November, Israel bombed the al-Fakhoora School, killing at least fifteen people. Journalists reported Israel was targeting solar panels and personal generators. On 5 November, Israel bombed and destroyed Al-Azhar University. On 6 November, at least eight people died in airstrikes on the Nasser Medical Complex.

On 8 November, Israel bombed and destroyed the Khalid bin al-Walid Mosque. On 12 November, Israel used earthquake bombs on an apartment complex in Khan Younis, killing at least thirteen people. On 13 November, an Israeli airstrike on the Jabalia refugee camp killed thirty people, with Gaza's civil defence team unable to rescue injured people from the rubble due to a lack of equipment.

According to sources, both Israeli and Western, Hamas placed military facilities under schools, hospitals and mosques throughout Gaza (including Al-Shifa and the Indonesia Hospital), or used them as cover for its fighters. According to The Guardian, there were indications of Hamas' use of hospitals, schools and residential building as early as 2014.Шаблон:Efn These claims have been disputed, however, including by organizations like Human Rights Watch, UNRWA, and the Palestinian Red Crescent. The Government of Qatar has criticized the lack of either concrete evidence or independent investigations, and both Palestinian and international medical staff have disputed them. Michael Lynk stated Israel's claims were used to prepare "public opinion for the attacks to come".

On 15 November, Gaza's last remaining flour mill was hit by an Israeli airstrike. On 17 November, dozens were reported killed after an airstrike on al-Falah School in the Zeitoun neighborhood, south of Gaza City. The following day, 26 people were killed in an airstrike of a residential building in southern Gaza. A strike on the Al-Fakhoora school reportedly killed at least 50. Deaf, blind, and intellectually handicapped individuals were at particular risk of death by airstrikes. Following Israel's evacuation orders for Palestinians to flee northern Gaza, the IDF intensified its attacks on southern Gaza. It again intensified strikes across Gaza before the temporary November ceasefire. By 26 November, Israel dropped an estimated 40,000 tons of explosives on Gaza.

December

In the hours following the end of the temporary truce between Israel and Hamas, 109 people were killed by Israeli airstrikes. On 2 December, the IDF stated it had struck at least 400 locations in Gaza since the pause had ended, including 50 in Khan Younis in southern Gaza. On 3 December, the Palestinian Civil Defence stated the situation "beyond dire" as the organization was unable to rescue many people buried under rubble. The same day, 700 were reported killed in the preceding twenty-four hours. Some individuals were rescued by aid workers after reportedly surviving several days buried underneath rubble. Robert Pape stated, "Gaza will also go down as a place name denoting one of history’s heaviest conventional bombing campaigns." On 8 December, 350 people were reportedly killed in the preceding twenty-four hours. On 9 December, the Palestinian Civil Defence stated it only had one operational rescue vehicle left in the entirety of northern Gaza. On 13 December, a UNRWA school in Beit Hanoun was destroyed by an Israeli airstrike. On 14 December, a US intelligence report found half of the bombs dropped on Gaza had been unguided bombs.

A Sky News analysis found Israel was directly targeting areas that it was telling people to flee to. Experts stated the bombing campaign against Gaza had been the deadliest and most destructive in modern history, with Corey Scher of the CUNY Graduate Center stating, "Gaza is now a different color from space."

Displacement

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The line in black represents the IDF's boundary at Wadi Gaza for evacuation of the northern Gaza Strip

On 10 October, the United Nations said the fighting had displaced more than 423,000 Palestinians, while Israeli airstrikes had destroyed 1,000 homes and rendered 560 housing units uninhabitable. By 15 October, an estimated 1 million people in Gaza had been displaced, many of them fleeing northern Gaza following Israel's mandated evacuation. Due to continued heavy Israeli bombing in south Gaza, some northern Gazan refugees moved back to Gaza City. On 19 October, the UN Office for Humanitarian Affairs stated 98,000 houses, or 1 in every 4 homes in Gaza, had been destroyed by Israeli bombardments. On 21 October, the UNRWA stated 500,000 people were sheltering in UN facilities, and conditions had grown "untenable". By the end of October this had grown to over 670,000 people. Many others sheltered in hospitals.

By 22 October, the UN Office for Humanitarian Affairs stated 42% of homes in Gaza had been destroyed. By 23 October, an estimated 1.4 million people in Gaza had been left homeless. On 30 October, the Red Cross stated it would take years to rebuild destroyed homes and infrastructure. On 2 November, UNRWA stated 50 of its buildings and assets had been affected by Israeli strikes, including four shelters. On 6 November, Al Jazeera journalist Hani Mahmoud described southern Gaza as a large concentration camp. As the fighting in Gaza City intensified, the IDF announced a daily four-hour window for residents to move south, leading to thousands fleeing the city. On 10 November, an Israeli spokesman stated 100,000 people had fled northern Gaza in the prior two days. On 11 November, UNICEF stated thousands of children in northern Gaza were "hanging on by a thread."

On 12 November, CARE International stated, "The journey to the south is incredibly dangerous and hard. Many of those who have made it out have experienced and witnessed terrible suffering." On 14 November, Human Rights Watch stated, "There is no reliably safe route to evacuate. Satellite imagery confirms fires, military operations, and roadblocks on every conceivable route." By 20 November, satellite imagery showed half of northern Gaza had been destroyed by Israeli airstrikes. The Financial Times described northern Gaza as a "bombed-out wasteland." Palestinians feared northern Gaza was becoming uninhabitable. By 28 November, the UN estimated 60 percent of all housing in Gaza had been destroyed.

On 1 December, Israel labelled Khan Younis a "dangerous combat zone." It issued a map of numbered zones, dividing the Gaza Strip into hundreds of different districts. It also issued an evacuation order in southern Gaza for residents to move to Rafah. At the same time it issued the evacuation, Israel bombed Rafah. On 4 December, a UN representative stated "another wave of displacement is underway." The UN stated at least four of its shelters in Khan Younis had received evacuation orders from the Israeli military. By 13 December, half of Gaza's population was in Rafah. On 21 December, a Financial Times analysis found Israel's had left northern Gaza virtually uninhabitable.

Communications

Шаблон:See also On 27 October, Gaza underwent a near total communications blackout after Paltel's communication towers were destroyed in an Israeli attack. This cut off Gaza from any phone or internet service. As a result, humanitarian groups, including UNICEF, WHO, the Palestine Red Crescent Society, Doctors Without Borders, American Friends Service Committee, Medical Aid for Palestinians, and ActionAid lost all contact with their staff. The Palestinian Red Crescent Society stated wounded people would no longer be able to dial Gaza's emergency number for an ambulance. The Red Crescent stated it was "deeply concerned" about the ability of medics to provide care, stating it had lost all contact with operations room and staff in Gaza. On 28 October, Elon Musk offered to provide humanitarian groups with Starlink access, but Shlomo Karhi stated Israel would fight it with every "means at its disposal."

The UN Assistant Secretary-General and Humanitarian Coordinator in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Lynn Hastings, stated that hospitals and aid operations could not operate without phone lines or internet. The Committee to Protect Journalists warned the world was "losing a window into the reality" of the situation in Gaza. Michael Lynk, a former UN rapporteur, stated one purpose of the internet blackout was to keep "the world blinded on what's happening." The WHO secretary-general Tedros Ghebreyesus stated he was "gravely concerned" by the blackout for the "immediate health risks" it posed to patients and for the safety of WHO staff. In a post on X, ActionAid wrote the blackout would make it "nearly impossible" for people to seek help, and stated they were "gravely concerned" for "all the people of Gaza."

Marwa Fatafta, policy manager of Access Now, stated that "taking Gaza completely off the grid while launching an unprecedented bombardment campaign only means something atrocious is about to happen." On 28 October, Netblocks stated Gaza's telephone and internet communications were gradually returning. On 31 October, Fatafta stated the blackout had been used by Israel to cover up potential war crimes as they began their ground invasion and called it a "warfare tactic to induce more pain on the population." Paltel announced Gaza had again been cut off from telecommunications and internet service. On 5 November, internet and telecoms were cut for a third time. Some residents used eSIMs to stay connected to mobile networks. On 16 November, communications in Gaza were cut off for a fourth time. The following day, communications were restored after a limited quantity of fuel was allowed to enter the Gaza Strip. On 27 November, Shlomo Karhi stated Musk had agreed not to operate Starlink in Gaza without Israeli approval. On 3 December, PalTel reported another communications blackout. On 14 December, Gaza's communication companies reported the sixth communications blackout since the conflict's start.

On 20 December, Paltel, Ooredoo, and Jawwal reported a communications blackout in the Gaza Strip. Wounded people unable to call ambulances due to the blackouts reported biking and taking donkey carts to hospitals, while ambulance drivers stated they simply followed plumes of smoke or the sound of explosions.

Humanitarian aid

Initial block on aid

On 9 October, Israel implemented a complete blockade on Gaza, preventing the entry of any humanitarian aid. Egypt closed its border to prevent civilians fleeing, but said that it would allow aid to be delivered through the Rafah crossing. A week later, despite international calls for deliveries, hundreds of tons of aid were stuck on Egypt's side of the border, as Israel bombarded the crossing amid fears of weapons deliveries, and declined to assure Egyptian authorities it would pause airstrikes for civilian aid convoys. In Israel, aid to Gaza was reportedly prevented by far-right politicians allied with Netanyahu. On 17 October, the UNRWA stated that there was currently "no water or electricity in Gaza. Soon there will be no food or medicine either".

Deliveries to southern Gaza

On 18 October, Israel announced it would allow food, water, and medicine to be delivered to a "safe zone" in west Khan Younis in southern Gaza, distributed by the United Nations. Later the same day, US president Joe Biden announced Egypt agreed to allow 20 trucks with aid to enter Gaza by 20 October. More than 100 trucks of aid were waiting at the Rafah crossing to enter into Gaza. In a statement, Human Rights Watch stated that without electricity or fuel, however, the provided aid would fail "meeting the needs of Gaza's population". On 19 October, US Special Envoy David M. Satterfield stated the US wanted "sustained" aid into Gaza. The same day, a spokesman for Oxfam stated aid distribution in Gaza would be a "big challenge", and the UN reported at least 100 trucks a day of aid were needed. On 21 October 20 trucks of aid entered Gaza. António Guterres stated it was not enough to prevent an "humanitarian catastrophe". Martin Griffiths said the UN was working to develop an "at-scale operation". On 22 October, following the second delivery of trucks, Biden and Netanyahu stated aid would continue to be allowed into Gaza.

Issues with delivery

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Trucks with humanitarian aid waiting to cross from Egypt into the Gaza Strip

On 27 October, Lynn Hastings, the UN's humanitarian coordinator for Palestine, stated Israel opposed the delivery of humanitarian aid to northern Gaza. As a result, UN staff would need to risk their own lives if it was determined such aid would be "lifesaving" to people in need. Philippe Lazzarini stated "soon many more will die" from Israel's blockade.

When asked about Hamas's responsibility for the safety of civilians, Hamas leader Mousa Abu Marzook allegedly replied that "it is the responsibility of the United Nations to protect them... [and] it is the responsibility of the occupation to provide them with... services". On 28 October, The New York Times reported that Hamas had stockpiled food, water, medicine and sanitary products in underground caches, in amounts that would allow it to continue fighting for several months without resupply. On 12 November, Kan 11 aired a video taken by a Gazan civilian, that appeared to show Hamas policemen beating civilians approaching a truck carrying humanitarian aid for food, before allegedly taking the supplies for themselves.

Egyptian Foreign Minister Sameh Shoukry stated "Israeli obstacles" were impeding the delivery of humanitarian aid. The United Nations announced the communications blackout had brought aid delivery to a "complete halt." On 29 October, a humanitarian zone was announced in the Khan Younis area, along with a claim that aid trucks would increase "significantly." On 30 October, OCHA director Lisa Doughten pressured the UN Security Council for the use of extra entry points to Gaza, suggesting the Kerem Shalom border crossing as the only entry equipped for rapidly processing a sufficiently large number of trucks. On 13 November, the United Nations announced it no longer had enough fuel to deliver humanitarian aid in Gaza, leading Canadian Foreign Minister Melanie Joly to say, "This is not acceptable." On 17 November, the UN suspended aid delivery again due to the shortage of fuel and the cutoff of communications.

Delivery during temporary ceasefire

The amount of aid entering Gaza increased during the temporary November ceasefire. On 26 November, the largest shipment of humanitarian aid reached northern Gaza since the start of the conflict nearly two months before. Philippe Lazzarini stated the aid entering Gaza was still inadequate. Samer AbdelJaber, a World Food Programme head, stated people were hungry and desperate. On 28 November, the White House reported that over 2,000 trucks of aid had entered Gaza since 21 October.

Resumption of hostilities

Following the resumption of hostilities on 1 December, aid deliveries into Gaza ceased. The IDF informed the Palestinian Red Crescent that the entry of trucks was "prohibited, starting from today" until further notice. Later the same day, the United States announced they had requested a reversal of the decision, and Israel stated it was prepared to allow aid at pre-pause levels. On 4 December, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) stated that approximately 100 humanitarian aid trucks and 69,000 litres of fuel entered Gaza on 3 December and 4 December. This was “well below” the on average 170 trucks and 110,000 litres of fuel that were delivered daily during the temporary ceasefire. On 4 December, Lynn Hastings, a UN humanitarian coordinator, stated, "The conditions required to deliver aid to the people of Gaza do not exist" and warned of a "hellish scenario" in which aid delivery was entirely impossible.Шаблон:Efn Josep Borrell shared a warning on social media from Martin Griffiths stating an immediate ceasefire was needed for the UN to continue humanitarian operations. WHO stated Israel shot at its humanitarian relief trucks in Gaza City.

On 15 December, Israel approved reopening of the Kerem Shalom crossing and announced that the US would be paying to upgrade the Rafah crossing. Following a tour of the Rafah crossing, MEP Barry Andrews stated he believed Israel was deliberately delaying aid deliveries to the Gaza Strip. On 19 December, UNRWA headquarters was bombed. UN chief Antonio Guterres stated the way Israel was conducting its offensive was creating obstacles for delivery.

Killing of aid workers

From 7 October to 17 December, 135 United Nations relief workers were killed by the Israeli Military in the Gaza Strip, making it the deadliest conflict for UN workers in world history. According to Jeremy Konyndyk, the president of Refugees International, "The U.S. concern about these casualties remains almost purely rhetorical. There is no policy leverage being put behind it whatsoever. Beyond expressing concern and expressing regret, that’s where it stops."

Impact on children

Due to over 40% of Gaza’s population being 14 or under, children have been notably impacted by Israel's attack. On 13 November, UNICEF stated more than 700,000 children in Gaza were displaced. The Palestine Red Crescent Society stated displaced children were suffering, due to power outages, lack of basic essentials, and "scenes of pain and fear." Catherine M. Russell, the executive director of UNICEF, toured Gaza on 15 November, stating many children were buried under rubble and lacking medical care. Dr. Ahmed al-Fara, the head of pediatrics at Nasser Medical Complex in Khan Younis, stated due to the lack of clean water, he was witnessing the "most serious epidemic of gastroenteritis" among children he had ever seen. UNICEF spokesperson Toby Fricker stated, "There is no safe place for children anywhere across the strip right now." Save the Children reported serious signs of mental health issues among children in Gaza.

On 22 November, UNICEF reported unaccompanied children had been identified evacuating from northern to southern Gaza by themselves. On 28 November, James Elder, a UNICEF spokesperson, stated wounded children were sheltering outdoors in car parks and gardens. Elder called the conflict in Gaza a "war on children." Doctors warned children who survived Israeli airstrikes were left with permanent disabilities and trauma. Aid workers coined the term WCNSF, meaning Wounded Child No Surviving Family. The bodies of some children buried under rubble remained unrecovered. By 3 December, an estimated 6,150 children had been killed in the conflict. In mid-December, the Ministry of Health stated it had run out of vaccinations for children, which would have catastrophic repercussions. The Euro-Med Monitor estimated at least 25,000 children had lost one or both parents. On 19 December, the United Nations stated Gaza was "by far the most dangerous place in the world to be a child".

An estimated 150 babies were born in Gaza per day since the start of the conflict. A pediatric doctor at the Emirati Hospital in Rafah, stated the number of premature babies born in Gaza had risen sharply. Newborn babies receiving specialized care in the West Bank were separated from their mothers who were trapped in Gaza. Oxfam stated newborn babies were dying from preventable diseases such as infection, hypothermia, diarrhea, and dehydration. By mid-December, parents were struggling to feed newborn babies, as mothers had insufficient nutrition to breastfeed. Newborn babies born during the conflict died in airstrikes, though some were rescued from the rubble.

Premature babies

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Premature babies at Al-Shifa.

The plight of Gaza's premature babies gained global attention. Starting on 21 October, Medical Aid for Palestinians and UNICEF issued an "urgent warning" that 130 premature babies would die if fuel did not reach Gaza hospitals soon. On 23 October, officials in Gaza confirmed that that due to the Israeli siege on fuel, when hospitals lost electricity, premature babies in NICUs were at risk of death. On 11 November, IDF spokesman Daniel Hagari stated the army would help evacuate babies from al-Shifa Hospital, but a Gaza Health Ministry spokesman stated Israel had not provided "any mechanism to get the babies out to a safer hospital." The same day, Physicians for Human Rights stated two premature babies had died due to the loss of electricity. Two additional babies died soon after.

On 15 November, Israel launched a raid on al-Shifa Hospital, where three dozen premature babies were still sheltering. The director of Al-Shifa stated Israel's claim to provide incubators to premature babies was false. On 19 November, 31 premature babies at al-Shifa were evacuated by the Palestinian Red Crescent, WHO, and UNOCHA to southern Gaza. They were planned to be moved to Egypt with their families the following day. On 20 November, 28 of the babies were evacuated to Egypt. Only eight were accompanied by their parents, as the others were orphans, or their parents were unable to leave Gaza. At least two sets of parents were reunited with their babies in Egypt after being added to an urgent list of medical travelers.

On 10 November, Doctors Without Borders reported that evacuating medical workers at Al-Nasr Children’s Hospital had to leave babies in incubators after the IDF bombed the pediatric hospital. On 29 November, video footage from Al-Nasr showed the aftermath of the hospital's evacuation, with the five premature babies dead still in their incubators. These were in addition to the eight babies total who died at al-Shifa. The Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor confirmed the Al-Nasr infants' deaths. They stated the IDF had indicated to hospital staff they would evacuate the babies, though the IDF denied any involvement. In a recording of a phone call between COGAT and a medical official, the IDF official confirmed ambulances would retrieve patients from al-Nasr, but hospital officials stated the ambulances never arrived. The Red Cross stated they were "devastated" by the footage and denied they were responsible for their abandonment.

In mid-December, Israel began a military siege and raid on the Kamal Adwan hospital. On 14 December, the Gaza Health Ministry reported IDF soldiers had prevented medical staff from continuing support to 12 babies in intensive care. Three premature babies had died at Kamal Adwan in November following a power outage.

Reactions

UNRWA commissioner Philippe Lazzarini described the situation as "bone-chilling," and the World Health Organization stated that it was "spiraling out of control." On October 26, the World Organization declared that Gaza's humanitarian and health crisis had "reached catastrophic proportions." Martin Griffiths, the United Nations head of Humanitarian Affairs, stated the humanitarian crisis in Gaza was the worst he had ever seen in his life, stating, "I don’t say that lightly. I mean, I started off in my 20s dealing with the Khmer Rouge, and you remember how bad that was, the killing fields." Griffith stated it was the worst ever because unlike in other humanitarian crises, the people of Gaza had nowhere to flee.

A Doctors Without Borders video shared by Amnesty International head Agnès Callamard stated, "This brutal annihilation of an entire populations health system stretches beyond what humanitarian aid can fix." On 28 November, UN chief António Guterres stated, the "humanitarian catastrophe in Gaza is getting worse by the day." On 3 December, WHO secretary-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus visited Nasser Medical Complex, stating, "Patients were receiving care on the floor, screaming in pain... I cannot find words strong enough to express our concern over what we’re witnessing." On 4 December, Red Cross president Mirjana Spoljaric Egger visited the Gaza Strip, stating, "the things I saw there are beyond anything that anyone should be in a position to describe."

On 6 December, UN chief António Guterres invoked Article 99 of the Charter of the United Nations, stating “We are facing a severe risk of collapse of the humanitarian system." A joint statement by more than 20 UN and humanitarian organizations described the crisis as "amongst the worst we have witnessed". On 8 December, UNICEF spokesperson Thomas White stated, "Civil order is breaking down in Gaza... Society is on the brink of full-blown collapse." On 10 December, Bushra Khalidi, an expert with Oxfam, stated the situation was no longer "just a catastrophe, it's apocalyptic." Philippe Lazzarini stated, "By any description, it is definitely the worst situation I have ever seen." On 11 December, a UN envoy toured Gaza, leading Ecuador's representative to state, "The reality is even worse than what words can speak." On 13 December, UN human rights chief Volker Türk stated the crisis was "well beyond breakdown."

On 11 December, the presidents of six major humanitarian organizations — CARE USA, Mercy Corps, the Norwegian Refugee Council, Oxfam America, Refugees International, and Save the Children — penned a joint op-ed in The New York Times in which they stated, "We have seen nothing like the siege of Gaza". On 13 December, a group of Israeli human rights and civil society organizations, including B'Tselem, penned an open-letter to Joe Biden urging him to use his influence to help stop the "catastrophic" humanitarian crisis in Gaza. Freedom House warned the humanitarian crisis was growing increasingly dire and called on the Israeli government to follow international humanitarian law.

On 19 December, James Elder, spokesperson of UNICEF said “I’m furious that children who are recovering from amputations in hospitals are then killed in those hospitals.”

Support

Israeli Major General (ret.) Giora Eiland compared Israel's situation to that of the United States after Pearl Harbor. He argued that if Israel wanted to disarm Hamas, it had "no choice" but to make Gaza a place "that is temporarily or permanently impossible to live in". This, he stated, was not a "program for revenge," but a way to get the hostages back. In an op-ed in Yedioth Ahronoth on 19 November, Eiland wrote Israel should not adopt a US narrative that "allows" Israel to only fight against militants. Writing for Haaretz, Zvi Bar'el argued the humanitarian crisis was an Israeli military weapon that could be used as a bargaining chip.

The United States UN representative Linda Thomas-Greenfield vetoed a UN Security Council resolution that would have urged humanitarian aid to Gaza. In a Wall Street Journal op-ed, conservative American commentator Daniel Henninger speculated Hamas wanted to create a humanitarian crisis for publicity purposes.

Resolution efforts

In a call on 20 November, Chinese President Xi Jinping and French President Emmanuel Macron discussed measures to avoid the humanitarian crisis from getting worse. In Riyadh, Saudi Arabia on November 11, 2023, the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Arab League held an emergency meeting on the Gaza humanitarian crisis created by the war. On 5 December, Cyprus President Nikos Christodoulides visited Egypt and Jordan in attempt to establish a humanitarian aid corridor to Gaza.

On December 6, United Nations secretary-general António Guterres invoked Article 99 of the UN Charter, that is: "The Secretary-General may bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter which in his opinion may threaten the maintenance of international peace and security." Guterres cited the situation as a threat to "international peace and security" and “a severe risk of collapse of the humanitarian system" which he argued have irreversible impacts for Palestinians. By invoking Article 99, Guterres is pushing the Security Council to call for a cease fire.

Refugees

At the beginning of the war, Egypt announced it was closing the Rafah Crossing to Gaza, one of only three exit points along the Gaza border. Egypt cited fears about permanent displacement and a possible refugee crisis, particularly if Israel refused to allow the refugees back into Gaza after the war.Шаблон:Efn Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu sought to convince Egypt to accept Gazan refugees.

Jordan also expressed reluctance to receive Palestinian refugees. King Abdullah II of Jordan warned Israel against pushing Palestinians into Jordan, emphasizing the need to address the humanitarian situation within both Gaza and the West Bank.

In Europe, Humza Yousaf, the First Minister of Scotland, urged the international community to establish a refugee program for Gaza. Yousaf stated Scotland was ready to offer sanctuary to refugees, and called on the UK to create a resettlement scheme.Шаблон:Efn Foreign Minister Hanke Bruins Slot stated the Netherlands was discussing the possibility of accepting sick and wounded Palestinian children into the country.

In the United States, left-wing politicians, including Representatives Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Jamaal Bowman, emphasized the US's historical role accepting refugees and called for the acceptance of Gazan refugees. Right-wing politicians, such as former-President Donald Trump and Governor Ron DeSantis, both argued for barring admittance of any refugees from Gaza. President Joe Biden did not announce any plans to admit refugees, but stated $100 million in aid would be given to Gaza.

See also

• 2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip
• Casualties of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
• International aid to Palestinians
• Refugee camp airstrikes in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
• War crimes in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war

External links

• Шаблон:Commonscat-inline
• "A Humanitarian Crisis in the Gaza Strip", per UNICEF (30 October 2023)
• "Gaza: Unlawful Israeli Hospital Strikes Worsen Health Crisis", per Human Rights Watch (11 November 2023)
• UN relief chief: 'Intolerable' humanitarian situation in Gaza cannot continue, per UNOCHA (17 November 2023)
• "Analysis: How bad is the humanitarian crisis in Gaza amid the Israel-Hamas war?", per PBS (19 November 2023)
• "Inside a southern Gaza hospital: Screaming orphaned children, amputee toddlers and the stench of rotting flesh", per The Independent (7 December 2023)
• Interactive map of IDF attacks on healthcare facilities, per Forensic Architecture