Английская Википедия:2023 Hong Kong local elections

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox election The 2023 Hong Kong District Council elections were held on 10 December 2023 for all 18 District Councils of Hong Kong.[1]

The electoral changes passed earlier in the year revived appointed seats in the deliberation bodies, introduced seats elected by government-appointed District Committees, and tightened eligibility with vetting and mandatory nomination from the District Committee members. As a result, this is the first election in Hong Kong contested by pro-Beijing candidates only, as the pro-democracy camp, which won a landslide in the last election amidst protests, had faced challenges since under the national security law, and under the new electoral rules, both pro-democracy and moderate parties failed to earn enough nominations to enter the race.

Background

Шаблон:Main In the previous District Council elections, in 2019, the pro-democracy camp in conjunction with the localist camp achieved its biggest landslide victory in the history of Hong Kong, gaining absolute majority in votes and electoral seats in all of the 18 District Councils and tripling their seats from around 124 to about 388 amid the highly intensified territory-wide anti-government protests. In response, the Beijing government installed the far-reaching Hong Kong national security law and the massive overhaul of the city's Legislative Council electoral system.

In May 2021, the Hong Kong government passed the Public Offices (Candidacy and Taking Up Offices) (Miscellaneous Amendments) Ordinance 2021 to imposes oath-taking requirements on District Council members. Six months before the bill passage, dozens of opposition District Councillors resigned for refusal to take an oath under the new law.[2]

In early July 2021, the government reportedly considered banning 230 councillors to take oath of office and would ask them return their accrued salaries which worth around a million dollars. Such reports triggered a mass resignation of more than 260 pro-democracy councillors, while eight other had been unseated as they were in custody or had left the city.[3]

Following four oath-taking ceremonies starting in early September, oaths taken by 49 District Councillors were ruled invalid without any explanation. Together with the councillors who resigned, fled and imprisoned, it left a total of more than 70 per cent seats in the 18 District Councils vacant. Under the amended Oaths and Declarations Ordinance, the disqualified District Councillors would be banned from standing in elections for the next five years.[4]

The pro-Beijing camp was able to take back control of several councils, including Kowloon City, Kwun Tong, Wan Chai and North District.[5] The number of the members in some councils also reduced significantly, Wong Tai Sin to just two members, Central and Western District to three members, and Southern District to four, which paralysed some of the functions of these councils.[6] Nevertheless, Chief Executive Carrie Lam in July 2021 announced that no by-election would be held during her tenure.[7]

Election overhaul

Шаблон:Main

Файл:Changes to the composition of the District Councils of Hong Kong.svg
Changes to the composition of the District Councils:
Шаблон:Term Шаблон:Defn Шаблон:Term Шаблон:Defn

On 2 May 2023, Chief Executive John Lee announced a major revamp of the District Council electoral system to prevent the councils from being "manipulated and paralysed" by those promoting "separatism" and violence, safeguard national security and implement the principle of "patriots running Hong Kong". Under the plan, the number of the elected seats will be significantly reduced to around 20 per cent, while each of the 40 per cent of the seats will be returned by indirect elections and appointed by the Chief Executive.[8]

A total of 88 directly-elected seats in 44 constituencies will be returned by double-seat single-vote system, while 176 indirectly-elected seats will be elected by members of the government-appointed District Committees, or "three committees" (Шаблон:Zh), namely the District Fight Crime Committees (DFCCs), the District Fire Safety Committees (DFSCs), the Area Committees (ACs), in the respective district by block vote. All candidates must obtain three nominations from each of the three committees besides more than 50 local voters and confirm their eligibility through an eligibility review committee to decide whether a candidate complies with the legal requirements and conditions of upholding the Basic Law and bearing allegiance to the government.[9]

On 28 September, David Lok Kai-hong, chairman of the Electoral Affairs Commission (EAC), said the opening hours for the District Council elections will run from 8:30 a.m. to 10:30 p.m., an hour less when compared to the previous term in 2019 but the same as that of the Legislative Council election in 2021.[10]

On 1 December, the High Court dismissed a legal challenge to the new electoral system. [11]

Composition

Districts Geographical Constituencies District Committees Constituencies Seats Appointed Seats Ex-officio Seats Total Seats ±
Constituencies Seats
Central and Western Central, Western 4 8 8 — 20 Шаблон:Nowrap
Wan Chai Wan Chai 2 4 4 — 10 Шаблон:Decrease3
Eastern Tai Pak, Hong Wan, Chai Wan 6 12 12 — 30 Шаблон:Decrease5
Southern Southern District Southeast, Southern District Northwest 4 8 8 — 20 Шаблон:Increase3
Yau Tsim Mong Yau Tsim Mong South, Yau Tsim Mong North 4 8 8 — 20 Шаблон:Nochange0
Sham Shui Po Sham Shui Po West, Sham Shui Po East 4 8 8 — 20 Шаблон:Decrease5
Kowloon City Kowloon City North, Kowloon City South 4 8 8 — 20 Шаблон:Decrease5
Wong Tai Sin Wong Tai Sin East, Wong Tai Sin West 4 8 8 — 20 Шаблон:Decrease5
Kwun Tong Kwun Tong Southeast, Kwun Tong Central, Kwun Tong North, Kwun Tong West 8 16 16 — 40 Шаблон:Nochange0
Tsuen Wan Tsuen Wan Northwest, Tsuen Wan Southeast 4 8 8 2 22 Шаблон:Increase1
Tuen Mun Tuen Mun East, Tuen Mun West, Tuen Mun North 6 12 13 1 32 Шаблон:Nochange0
Yuen Long Yuen Long Town Centre, Yuen Long Rural East, Tin Shui Wai South and Ping Ha, Tin Shui Wai North 8 16 16 6 46 Шаблон:Increase1
North Wu Tip Shan, Robin's Nest 4 8 8 4 24 Шаблон:Increase2
Tai Po Tai Po South, Tai Po North 4 8 8 2 22 Шаблон:Increase1
Sai Kung Sai Kung and Hang Hau, Tseung Kwan O South, Tseung Kwan O North 6 12 12 2 32 Шаблон:Increase1
Sha Tin Sha Tin West, Sha Tin East, Sha Tin South, Sha Tin North 8 16 17 1 42 Шаблон:Nochange0
Kwai Tsing Tsing Yi, Kwai Chung East, Kwai Chung West 6 12 13 1 32 Шаблон:Nochange0
Islands Islands 2 4 4 8 18 Шаблон:Nochange0
Total 88 176 179 27 470 Шаблон:Decrease9

Contesting parties

Nominations

The Electoral Affairs Commission received 400 nominations in the nomination period, 228 of which were running for the 176 seats in the District Committee constituencies indirectly elected by some 2,500 members of the "three committees" and 171 for the 88 seats in the 44 geographical constituencies directly elected 4.3 million registered voters.[19][25] None of the candidates was from the opposition camp, which first joined the local elections in 1985.[26][27] According to Hong Kong Free Press's calculation, more than 75 per cent of the geographical constituencies candidates were also members of the three committees which were responsible for nominating candidates.[19]

The pro-democracy parties which intended to run had experienced difficulties in seeking nominations from the members of the "three committees", many of which came from the pro-Beijing parties,[28][29] as the Home Affairs Department refused to disclose personal contact details citing the "privacy of personal data".[28]

The Democratic Party became the first remaining pro-democracy party to announce that they would contest in the election with six candidates, two less than expected.[30][31] However on 30 October, it announced that none of its candidates had succeeded in getting the nominations from the "three committees" required to run.[19][29][32] As a result, the party would be absent in the district council election for the first time since its establishment in 1994.[29][33]

Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood (ADPL) was second in the pro-democracy camp to declare the intention to join the elections by filling two candidates.[34] Neither of its candidates was able to enter the race.

Third Side, the only non-establishment party in the legislature, abandoned the campaign as three hopefuls could not receive enough nominations.[19]

Even pro-Beijing legislator Michael Tien complained about candidates from his party Roundtable being unable to obtain nominations from the "three committees" members.[15] Roundtable had hoped to field five candidates, but only one of its members had got the number of nominations required to stand.[19]

Zheng Yanxiong, director of the Liaison Office of the Central People's Government in Hong Kong, on 30 October said there were "recognised standards" for patriots and “it would be impossible for someone, or some political parties, who were opposing Hong Kong and China, to become patriotic just for chanting certain slogans overnight".[26][32]

Veteran litigant Kwok Cheuk-kin, who was also a member of the Democratic Party known as the "King of Judicial Review", filed an application for judicial review in November against the nomination system, arguing that some three-quarters of the candidates were also on three committees responsible for deciding who could stand, making it hard for non-committee members to get nominated.[35]

High Court Judge Russell Coleman reportedly said that it was "surprising" that most of the committee members had made nominations from among their own members, but dismissed Kwok's appeal dismissed, ruling that the it was "not sufficient" to conclude that it was only because of an unfairness in the nomination system that the pro-democracy politicians did not secure enough nominations. "What is shown is that members of the 3Cs [three committees] tend to favour themselves or their peers. But that is not necessarily inappropriate when the individual characteristic of members of the 3Cs (part of the reason they were appointed in the first place) is taken into account," Coleman said in the statement.[35]

Voter turnout

Following the record-low turnout of the 2021 legislative election as a consequence of the opposition's boycott, some experts predicted a record-low voter turnout for the 2023 local elections. Officials insisted a high turnout does not equate to a successful election and that such a result would not be blindly pursued;[36] however, they also vowed to promote the local elections "by all means".[37] Dozens of promotional videos were published by the government; posters and leaflets urging the public to vote could also be found across the city.[38]

In November 2023, Chief Secretary for Administration Eric Chan said that Hong Kong's 170,000 civil servants "are duty-bound to vote, and they should lead by example to let the public know about the importance of voting."[39] Pro-Beijing Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB) politician Starry Lee refused to predict the voter turnout, but said "I have received only positive feedback from residents" and that it was a "good sign" that election promoting was carried out "in a healthy way."[39]

Chief Executive John Lee also asked for civil servants to boost voter turnout, stating "It is also a civic responsibility to vote, that's why we have asked civil servants to demonstrate that civic responsibility to come out to vote."[40] Lee avoided answering a question on whether low voter turnout would discredit the new voting system, and both Secretary for Home and Youth Affairs Alice Mak and Secretary for Constitutional and Mainland Affairs Erick Tsang said that low voter turnout was not necessarily a failure.[41]

Secretary for the Civil Service Ingrid Yeung also appealed to retired civil servants to vote as "it is their civic responsibility to do so".[42] Amid reports about potential penalties for civil servants who do not cast a ballot, Eric Chan criticised on 3 December unspecified individuals for having "ulterior motives" of spreading false information online.[43]

Leung Chau-ting, the founder and chairman of the Federation of Civil Service Union, expressed concern over the government plan sending out thank-you card for people after casting their vote, noting the pressure felt by the civil servants due to the government and bureaux' overwhelming appeals, as there have never been any repeated calls by the government for civil officials to cast ballots in prior elections. In response, Eric Chan stressed the government would "definitely not" require civil servants to use the card as proof and called on people not to come up with conspiracy theories.[44]

The Hong Kong government on 28 November announced a series of activities, including outdoor music performances, a drone show and a Security Bureau-themed photograph exhibition, on 12 December, a day before the polling day, in an attempt to "further enhance the election atmosphere".[45] As the government designated the day following election as a school holiday after some schools in the past elections were affected due to a delay of vote counting,[46] pro-government members voiced concern that families could leave Hong Kong for vacations and hence hamper the turnout. In response the authorities said activities were under planning to attract students to stay.[47]

In December 2023, it was reported that the government would spend approximately HK$3.4 million on elderly care centers in order for them to help the elderly vote; in response, Legislative Councillor Doreen Kong cautioned that the government "should ensure that elderly people choose to go voluntarily" and that "the centres should also be sensitive as to whether they will affect the elderly people's voting preference when they walk them to the polling station."[48] Alice Mak later refuted the claim and argued that the subsidies would not affect fairness in the polls.[49] Civil Service Bureau also reportedly warned government outsourcing companies that not allowing sufficient time for staff to vote may undermine further bidding.[50]

Political commentator Sonny Lo Shiu-hing said that "On the surface, the government says the voting rate is not important, but in fact, what it is doing is obviously all about boosting the turnout. After all, the turnout rate reflects the election’s legitimacy to a certain degree."[51]

Under a special programme, the Hong Kong government also set up voting booths close to the border of Mainland China to allow Hongkongers living in Mainland China to more easily cross the border and vote.[52]

The election law which prohibits inciting others to boycott the election or cast a blank or invalid vote remains in place. A 38-year-old man was arrested, and later charged,[53] days before the poll by anti-graft ICAC officers, after the man allegedly reposted messages from social media inciting others to boycott the elections and call on others to put two ticks on their ballots, which would render them invalid.[54] The ICAC also placed the author of the post, overseas Hong Kong pundit Martin Oei onto a wanted list.[53]

By 8 December, the management of the four major real estate developers, including CK Asset Holdings chairman Victor Li Tzar-kuoi, New World Development chief executive Adrian Cheng, Henderson Land Development co-chairmen Peter Lee Ka-kit and Martin Lee Ka-shing, and Sun Hung Kai Properties have stated that they would vote and called on group employees to fulfil their civic responsibilities. Chairman Stewart Leung, President Keith Graham and Secretary-General Loong Hon-biu of the Real Estate Developers Association of Hong Kong also released a promotional video to urge the industry worker to vote.[55]

By Dec 12, it was reported that this election had the lowest turnout among all HKSAR-era elections held in Hong Kong. Around 1.19 million eligible voters cast ballots resulting in marking a 27.5 per cent voter turnout. [56]

Results

Шаблон:For Шаблон:For

Overview of outcome

Шаблон:Election table |- ! colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |Political Affiliation ! colspan="6" style="text-align:right;" |Geographical Constituencies ! colspan="4" style="text-align:right;" |District Committees ! rowspan="2" style="text-align:right;" |Total
elected
seats |- !Popular
vote !% !% ± !Standing !Elected !± !Electoral
vote !% !Standing !Elected |- | width="1px" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" |Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong | 486,942 || 41.58|| Шаблон:Up24.80|| 44 || 41 ||Шаблон:Up20 | | | 77 | 68 | 109 |- | style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" | Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions | 206,285|| 17.61|| Шаблон:Up13.22|| 25 || 18 ||Шаблон:Up13 | | | 21 | 9 | 27 |- | width="1px" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" |New People's Party–Civil Force | 99,775 || 8.52|| Шаблон:Nowrap || 17 || 5 ||Шаблон:Up4 | | | 12 | 10 | 15 |- | style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" | Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong | 59,015 || 5.04|| Шаблон:Up2.77|| 10 || 4 ||Шаблон:Up1 | | | 10 | 8 | 12 |- | width="1px" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" |Professional Power | 23,557 || 2.01|| N/A || 3 || 1 ||N/AШаблон:Efn | – | – | – | – | 1 |- | width="1px" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" |New Prospect for Hong Kong | 21,380 || 1.83|| New || 5 || 1 || New | – | – | – | – | 1 |- | width="1px" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" |Liberal Party | 19,574 || 1.67|| Шаблон:Up0.73|| 4 || 3 ||Шаблон:Down2 | | | 3 | 2 | 5 |- | style="background-color:Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" | Federation of Public Housing Estates | 17,744 || 1.52|| Шаблон:Up0.86|| 2 || 2 ||Шаблон:Down1 | | | 1 | 1 | 3 |- | style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" | Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions | 12,436 || 1.06|| Шаблон:Up1.00|| 2 || 0 ||Шаблон:Unchanged | | | 1 | 1 | 1 |- | style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" | Roundtable | 7,149 || 0.61|| Шаблон:Down0.28|| 1 || 0 ||Шаблон:Down2 | – | – | – | – | 0 |- | style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" | Path of Democracy | 2,118 || 0.18|| N/A || 1 || 0 || N/A | – | – | – | – | 0 |- | style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" | Bauhinia Party | 472 || 0.04|| New || 1 || 0 || New | – | – | – | – | 0 |- | width="1px" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" |Kowloon West New Dynamic | – || – || – || – || – || – | | | 1 | 0 | 0 |- | width="1px" style="background-color: Шаблон:Party color" | | style="text-align:left;" | Pro-BeijingШаблон:Citation needed Independents | 214,701 || 18.33|| Шаблон:Up5.35|| 56 || 13 ||Шаблон:Down10 | | | 102 |77 |90 |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |Total ! width="75" style="text-align:right;" | 1,171,148 ! width="30" style="text-align:right;" | 100.00 ! style="text-align:right;" |– ! style="text-align:right;" |171 ! style="text-align:right;" |88 ! style="text-align:right;" |Шаблон:Nowrap !style="text-align:right;" | !style="text-align:right;" | !style="text-align:right;" |228 !style="text-align:right;" |176 !style="text-align:right;" |264 |- ! colspan="13" style="text-align:left;" | |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |Total valid votes ! width="75" style="text-align:right;" |1,171,148 ! width="30" style="text-align:right;" |98.15 ! width="30" style="text-align:right;" |Шаблон:Down1.44 ! colspan="3" rowspan="4" width="30" style="text-align:right;" | ! style="text-align:right;" | !style="text-align:right;" | ! colspan="3" rowspan="4" style="text-align:right;" | |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |Invalid votes ! width="75" style="text-align:right;" |22,045 ! width="30" style="text-align:right;" |1.85 ! width="30" style="text-align:right;" |Шаблон:Up1.44 ! style="text-align:right;" | !style="text-align:right;" | |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |Total votes / turnout ! width="75" style="text-align:right;" |1,193,193 ! width="30" style="text-align:right;" |27.54 ! width="30" style="text-align:right;" |Шаблон:Nowrap ! style="text-align:right;" |2,454 ! style="text-align:right;" |96.92 |- ! colspan="2" style="text-align:left;" |Registered voters !style="text-align:right;" |4,329,710 !style="text-align:right;" |100.00 ! style="text-align:right;" |Шаблон:Up4.76 ! style="text-align:right;" |2,532 ! style="text-align:right;" |100.00 |- ! colspan="13" style="text-align:left;" |Source |} Шаблон:Notelist

Results by district

Council Previous
control 		Previous
party 		Post-election
control 		Largest
party		 class="unsortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:40px;" | [[Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong|Шаблон:White]] class="unsortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:40px;" | [[Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions|Шаблон:White]] class="unsortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:40px;"| [[New People's Party–Civil Force|Шаблон:White]] class="unsortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:40px;"| [[Business and Professionals Alliance for Hong Kong|Шаблон:White]] class="unsortable" style="background:Шаблон:Party color; width:40px;" | [[Liberal Party (Hong Kong)|Шаблон:White]] [[Political parties in Hong Kong|Шаблон:White]] Pro-dem Pro-Beijing Appointed & Ex-officio Composition
Шаблон:Nowrap Pro-democracy Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 2+3 1+0 1+5 0+0 4+8 8+N/A Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Wan Chai Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing NOC 1+0 0+1 1+3 0+0 2+4 4+N/A Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Eastern NOC NOC Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 3+6 2+0 0+1 1+1 0+4 0+0 6+12 12+N/A Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Southern Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 1+3 2+0 0+1 0+2 1+0 0+2 0+0 4+8 8+N/A Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Yau Tsim Mong Pro-democracy Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 2+4 0+1 1+1 1+2 0+0 4+8 8+N/A Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Sham Shui Po NOC NOC Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 2+3 1+1 1+4 0+0 4+8 8+N/A Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Kowloon City Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 2+2 1+1 1+5 0+0 4+8 8+N/A Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Wong Tai Sin Pro-democracy Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 2+2 1+1 1+5 0+0 4+8 8+N/A Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Kwun Tong Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 3+4 2+2 3+10 0+0 8+16 16+N/A Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Tsuen Wan NOC NOC Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 2+4 1+0 1+4 0+0 4+8 8+2 Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Tuen Mun NOC Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 3+5 2+1 1+2 0+4 0+0 6+12 13+1 Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Yuen Long Pro-Beijing NOC Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 4+5 1+1 3+10 0+0 8+16 16+6 Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
North Pro-Beijing NOC Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 2+7 1+0 1+1 0+0 4+8 8+4 Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Tai Po Pro-democracy Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 2+3 0+1 1+1 1+3 0+0 4+8 8+2 Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Sai Kung NOC Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 3+3 1+1 1+2 1+6 0+0 6+12 12+2 Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Sha Tin Pro-democracy Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 3+4 1+1 3+3 1+8 0+0 8+16 17+1 Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Kwai Tsing Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 3+8 3+1 0+2 0+1 0+0 6+12 13+1 Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
Islands Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour Pro-Beijing Шаблон:Party name with colour 1+2 1+0 0+2 0+0 2+4 4+8 Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced
TOTAL 41+68 18+9 5+10 4+8 3+2 17 0 264 206 Шаблон:Composition bar/advanced

Vote summary

Шаблон:Bar box

Seat summary

Шаблон:Bar box

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Hong Kong elections

Партнерские ресурсы
Криптовалюты
Магазины
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Разное

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