Английская Википедия:2023 Israel–Lebanon border conflict

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Not to be confused with Шаблон:Pp-extended Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox military conflict On 8 October 2023, the Lebanese militant group Hezbollah fired guided rockets and artillery shells at Israeli positions in the disputed Shebaa Farms one day into the 2023 Israel–Hamas war. Israel retaliated by launching drone strikes and artillery shells at Hezbollah positions near Lebanon's boundary with the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. The outbreak of the conflict had followed Hezbollah's declaration of support and praise for the Hamas attack on Israel, which took place on 7 October. It is currently the largest escalation of the Hezbollah–Israel conflict to have occurred since the 2006 Lebanon War.

Background

Hezbollah is a Shiite militant organization that controls southern Lebanon and is supported and funded by Iran and reportedly serves as their proxy in regional wars. From the inception of Hezbollah to the present the elimination of the state of Israel has been a primary goal for Hezbollah. Hezbollah not only opposes the government and policies of the State of Israel, but also each and every Jewish civilian who lives in Israel. Its 1985 manifesto reportedly states "our struggle will end only when this entity [Israel] is obliterated. We recognize no treaty with it, no ceasefire, and no peace agreements." Hezbollah has fought many conflicts with Israel including the South Lebanon conflict, the Shebaa Farms conflict, and the 2006 Lebanon War.

Palestinian refugees have had a long presence in southern Lebanon and numerous refugee camps were established, which brought many Palestinian factions into south Lebanon, with it being often used as a center to launch rockets into northern Israel, The Palestine Liberation Organization was based in Lebanon after being expelled from Jordan they were involved in an insurgency until they were expelled to Tunis after the 1982 Lebanon War.

The outbreak of the Hamas-Israel war had followed Hezbollah's declaration of support and praise for the Hamas attack on Israel, which took place on 7 October, in which Palestinian factions in Lebanon immediately took part in.

April 2023 skirmishes

Шаблон:Main On 6 April 2023, in response to the 2023 Al-Aqsa clashes, dozens of rockets were fired from Lebanon into Israel, injuring three Israeli civilians. The Israel Defense Forces said that it intercepted 25 rockets fired from Lebanon, which it said were fired by Palestinian factions Hamas and PIJ with Hezbollah's approval.

The attacks were the largest escalation between the two countries since the 2006 Lebanon War. The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) described the situation as "extremely serious" and urged restraint.

Events

October

8 October

Файл:SoI-War 23-10-08 IDF 05.webm

IDF footage of strike on Hezbollah infrastructure in the Shebaa Farms

In the morning, Hezbollah fired rockets and shells at the Shebaa Farms region; in response, the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) fired artillery shells and a drone into southern Lebanon. Two Lebanese children were reportedly injured by broken glass.

9 October

Israel exchanged a series of airstrikes on Southern Lebanon near the towns of Marwahin, Ayta ash Shab and Dhayra in the Bint Jbeil district. This was after numerous Palestinian militants infiltrated the Israeli border. The IDF killed at least two perpetrators (likely Palestinians), while a third returned to Lebanon. A Hezbollah media source announced that one of their members died in the IDF retaliation. Hezbollah denied involvement in the incident, and the Palestinian Islamic Jihad militia claimed responsibility for the armed infiltration. Hezbollah later announced the death of two other militants at night. Hezbollah fired rockets and artillery in retaliation. During the clashes, two Israeli soldiers and Lt. Col Alim Abdallah Deputy Commander of Israel's 300th Brigade, died of wounds inflicted by enemy fire on the border and another three were wounded.

10 October

Hezbollah and the IDF exchanged fire, with Hezbollah firing a salvo of rockets into Israel and an attack on the security forces brought out by the Palestinian factions. Hezbollah fired an anti-tank guided missile at an Israeli military vehicle in the Avivim area, prompting a retaliatory Israeli helicopter strike.

11 October

Hezbollah fired anti-tank missiles at an Israeli military position and claimed to have produced casualties. In response, the IDF shelled the area where the attack was launched. The Lebanese-Italian hospital in Tyre admitted three injured civilians. The IDF ordered residents of northern Israel to seek shelter following reports of drones being launched from southern Lebanon. A Patriot missile was launched to intercept a suspicious projectile, after which the IDF found that the object in question was not a drone. Warning sirens were activated across northern Israel after reports emerged that up to 20 infiltrators on paragliders had entered Israeli territory from Lebanon, before the IDF dismissed the report as a false alarm.

12 October

The Israeli Defence Ministry announced that one soldier was killed and another injured by an anti-tank missile fired by Hezbollah.

The Syrian Army conducted a mortar strike into the Golan Heights after IDF airstrikes on Aleppo and Damascus international airports.

13 October

Hezbollah deputy chief Sheikh Naim Qassem said that 'when time comes for any action, we will carry it out' stating that Hezbollah was ready and 'would "contribute" to confrontations against Israel according to its own plan'. The IDF fired artillery into southern Lebanon following an explosion that caused minor damage to a section of the Israel–Lebanon border wall near the kibbutz of Hanita. Lebanese Reuters video journalist, Issam Abdallah, was killed, while at least six other journalists from Reuters, AFP and Al Jazeera were injured. The Lebanese Army said that two others were injured during the strike.

14 October

The IDF released footage of a drone attack which, according to them, killed three infiltrators from Lebanon near Margaliot who were members of Hamas. One of them was acknowledged by Hezbollah as one of their members. In the afternoon, Hezbollah fired 50 mortar shells and six anti-tank missiles towards five Israeli outposts in the Shebaa Farms. Further IDF shelling killed two civilians in a Shebaa village; video and photographic evidence showed usage of phosphorus bombs.

15 October

Hezbollah launched five anti-tank missiles towards northern Israel killing one civilian and injuring three others in Shtula. UNIFIL said that their headquarters in Naqoura in southern Lebanon was hit by rocket fire with no casualties reported. Lieutenant Amitai Granot, commander of the 75th Battalion of the IDF's Golan Brigade and son of Rabbi Tamir Granot, was killed in a missile attack on an IDF post bordering Lebanon.

16 October

The IDF announced the evacuation of residents of settlements two kilometers away from the Lebanese border. In the afternoon, shots were fired towards IDF positions near the border which Hezbollah claimed responsibility for. The IDF responded with artillery fire. Hezbollah said that it had started destroying surveillance cameras on several Israeli Army posts.

In the evening, anti-tank missiles were fired at an IDF tank and gunshots were aimed towards multiple army positions. The IDF attacked the sources of the fire with artillery. There were no reported casualties in either exchanges on that day.

Amnesty International reported that the IDF fired white phosphorus shells into Dhayra, hospitalizing nine civilians and setting fire to civilian objects. Aya Majzoub, the Deputy Regional Director for the Middle East and North Africa at Amnesty International, described the attack as a violation of international law that needed to be investigated as a war crime, and that it "seriously endangered the lives of civilians, many of whom were hospitalized and displaced, and whose homes and cars caught fire".

17 October

Lebanese state media reported that Dhayra and other areas along the western section of the border came under "continuous" bombardment overnight. In the early morning it was reported that multiple people were suffering from symptoms of suffocation after the IDF allegedly fired white phosphorus shells on the village. Three people were injured after an anti-tank missile from Lebanon landed in the Israeli town of Metula.

The IDF said it had killed four would-be infiltrators along the Lebanese border as they attempted to plant bombs on the border wall. Hezbollah announced that five of its members were killed that day but it was unclear if any had involvement in the border infiltration.

18 October

After the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion, pro-Palestinian protestors took part in riots in the towns of Dbayeh and Aoukar. Businesses were vandalized and torched.

19 October

Dozens of rockets were fired at the northern Israeli cities of Nahariya and Kiryat Shmona from southern Lebanon, injuring at least three civilians. Hamas said its cells in Lebanon were responsible for the rocket attacks. Israel responded with airstrikes on Hezbollah positions.

The Lebanese army said that one was killed and another injured after a group of seven Iranian journalists were targeted with machine guns by Israel, although Iranian state media denied the claim and said that all its journalists were "alive and healthy". UNIFIL peacekeepers said that one person was killed after civilians were caught in a cross-fire at the border in which the Lebanese Army requested assistance by UNIFL to deescalate the situation. It was requested to Israel to suspend fire "to facilitate the rescue operation".

20 October

At noon, the IDF said that one of their aircraft killed three Hezbollah militants who infiltrated the border into Shtula. In the afternoon several projectile launches were carried out from Lebanon towards northern Israel, the IDF responded with artillery fire at the sources of the attacks. The IDF announced that an Israeli-American reserve soldier was killed and three others were wounded.

21 October

In the early afternoon, a number of rockets were fired from Lebanon toward the Shebaa Farms; there were no injuries. The IDF conducted a drone strike on the team of militants that launched the rockets.

A short while later, anti-tank guided missiles were fired from Lebanon toward Margaliot and Hanita; two foreign workers were injured. The IDF conducted airstrikes against the missile teams.

In the evening, another anti-tank guided missile was fired from Lebanon toward Bar'am. One IDF soldier was seriously injured and two others were lightly injured. The IDF responded with several airstrikes in southern Lebanon, some of which targeted other missile teams preparing attacks.

22 October

The IDF said an anti-tank guided missile was fired from Lebanon toward the Shebaa Farms in the late morning. The IDF responded with tank fire and killed the missile team.

In the early afternoon, several mortars were fired toward Yiftah; no damage or casualties were reported. In the evening, an anti-tank guided missile was fired toward Arab al-Aramshe; the IDF responded with continued airstrikes against missile launching teams. Seven teams in total were struck over the course of the day.

23 October

After a day of IDF strikes against Hezbollah missile teams, in the evening an anti-tank guided missile was fired toward Kiryat Shmona. Two were injured, and a house was damaged. The IDF responded with continued airstrikes against missile and rocket teams, along with strikes against Hezbollah border posts.

24 October

The IDF said a Hezbollah member was killed as he tried to fire at Israel from southern Lebanon near the border town of Bar'am.

The IDF conducted airstrikes against two Syrian military positions in southwestern Syria, marking the first time the IDF has publicly targeted the Syrian military since the Israel-Gaza war began.

25 October

In the morning, the IDF attacked a group of militants trying to fire anti-tank missiles from Lebanon into Israel. At around 16:00, four rockets were launched towards Israeli territory, which fell in open areas. IDF warplanes bombed the outskirts of the villages of Kafr Kila, Yaroun and Deir Mimas.

26 October

The IDF claimed that it had eliminated five Hezbollah cells in south Lebanon. It later fired two artillery shells in the oustkirts of Blida and Ayta ash Shab with phosphorus bombs. Phosphorus bombs caused fires in Ayta ash Shab, Deir Mimas, Aalma ech Chaab, Rmaich, Dhaira, Shebaa, Yaroun, Kfarchouba, Naqoura and Marwahin. The IDF reportedly prevented firefighters from reaching the fires.

27 October

The IDF attacked the sources of rocket fire after militants fired towards IDF posts in the villages of Avivim and Misgav Am.

A Lebanese Army convoy came under fire from Israeli forces in the border village of Aitaroun, but no casualties were reported.

28 October

A shell hit the UNIFIL headquarters in Naqoura. Hours later two mortar shells hit a UNIFIL base in Hula, injuring a Nepalese peacekeeper.

29 October

Al-Qassam brigades launched 16 rockets at Kiriyat Shimona, hitting a residential building. The Fajr Forces, the military wing of the Islamic Group claimed responsibility for missiles struck in Kiryat Shmona.

30 October

PIJ militants attempted to infiltrate IDF positions on the Lebanon border.

31 October

Amnesty International said they had found that the IDF "indiscriminately, and therefore unlawfully, used white phosphorus munitions" in an attack on Dhayra which "must be investigated as a war crime".

Hezbollah conducted four attacks on IDF positions in northern Israel.

November

1 November

Hezbollah conducted multiple anti-tank guided missile attacks on Yiftah.

2 November

Hezbollah claimed to have attacked 19 IDF military sites with missiles and artillery shells and fired one-way attack drones at an IDF position for the first time since the conflict began.

The Al-Qassam brigades fired rockets at Kiriyat Shmona.

3 November

In his first speech since the start of the war in Gaza, Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah said the presence of US warships in the Mediterranean "doesn't scare us".

4 November

Hezbollah attacked several IDF posts including one in Jal al-Allam with two Burkan ground launched missiles.

5 November

Hezbollah shot down an Israeli Elbit Hermes 450 drone over Nabatieh. Wreckage of the drone fell over houses in the towns of Zabdin and Harouf. One Israeli civilian was killed when anti-tank missiles hit the Yiftah kibbutz.

Four people were reportedly injured after an Israeli bombing that hit two ambulances. Later, an Israeli airstrike hit two civilian cars in Lebanon carrying members of the same family driving between the towns of Aynata and Aitaroun which killed one women, three of her granddaughters between the ages of 10 and 14, and severely injured her daughter. In response, Hezbollah fired at Kiryat Shmona, killing an Israeli civilian.

6 November

The Al-Qassam Brigades took responsibility for firing 16 rockets from Lebanon targeting areas south of Haifa. Meanwhile, Israel reported at least 30 rockets being fired in which the IDF fired back at the sources. Hezbollah and Al-Qassam brigades also conducted four cross-border attacks into northern Israel.

Hezbollah deputy general Naim Qassem said that the group could be forced into wider conflict over Israeli attacks in Gaza.

7 November

Unspecified militants fired a salvo of 20 rockets from southern Lebanon towards the Golan Heights.

8 November

Hezbollah fired an anti-tank guided missile which injured two IDF soldiers near Dovev in northern Israel.

9 November

Hezbollah and other militia fighters conducted three cross-border attacks into northern Israel. They also launched attacks towards Metula in which the IDF responded with missile attacks hitting the vicinities of Deir Mimas and Kafr Kila.

10 November

Hezbollah launched anti-tank missiles into an IDF post in Manara which injured three soldiers. The IDF attacked the sources of fire in response. Hezbollah conducted three drone attacks into northern Israel targeting IDF positions and civilians. One drone was intercepted while two others landed on Israeli territory. Seven Hezbollah members were killed during the clashes.

The IDF shelled Meiss Ej Jabal Hospital which injured a doctor. The Lebanese health ministry condemned the attack, saying that "Israeli authorities were fully responsible for this unjustifiable act, which would have led to catastrophic results", and called for an investigation.

11 November

An IDF drone struck a pick-up truck on a farmland in the Zahrani area 45 kilometers from the Israeli-Lebanese border.

Hezbollah said that it carried out two cross-border attacks on Israeli posts which caused casualties. The IDF fired towards sources of three drone attacks from Lebanon.

The Amal Movement, an ally of Hezbollah, announced that a fighter was killed in a missile attack in the village of Rab El Thalathine which also wounded two other members. These were the first casualties from the group since it joined the fighting.

12 November

Hezbollah anti-tank missile and mortar attacks killed an employee of the Israel Electric Corporation who was conducting repair work and injured 21 other Israelis, including seven IDF soldiers and six of the fatality's colleagues. Hezbollah also claimed to have struck an IDF bulldozer in a separate attack. The IDF said it had launched a drone strike at a militant cell that tried to launch antitank missiles near Metula. Further clashes also killed one Hezbollah member. Israel's Channel 12 reported eight IDF soldiers killed during the day.

A UNIFIL peacekeeper was injured in unknown circumstances by gunfire near al-Qawza.

The al-Qassam brigades claimed two separate attacks on Israeli towns north of Haifa.

13 November

Following a Hezbollah strike, the IDF responded with heavy shelling across southern Lebanon which reportedly killed two civilians.

Unidentified fighters fired anti-tank guided missiles that injured two Israelis near Netu'a.

An Israeli rocket struck near journalists in Yaroun, Lebanon, no casualties were reported. Hezbollah condemned the attack, which happened while the journalists were on a public tour in the town. Foreign minister Abdallah Bou Habib said that the Lebanese government filed a complaint with the UN Security Council in response to the incident.

14 November

Missiles from Lebanon landed on open areas in the Israeli towns of Shtula, Shomera and Zar'it. Hezbollah also launched three anti-tank missiles at IDF positions.

Fighter jets fired at Hezbollah positions in southern Lebanon and an IDF tank attacked a squad that tried to launch anti-tank missiles into the Yiftah area.

15 November

Hezbollah fired an ATGM that it hit a group of IDF soldiers near Birkat Risha.

16 November

Hezbollah conducted eight anti-tank missiles targeting Israeli forces and military infrastructure.

In the afternoon, Hezbollah attacked numerous towns near the border and targeted military gatherings in Shtula and Hadab Yaron. The IDF responded heavily in southern Lebanon and Israeli warplanes raided Hezbollah targets. Hezbollah announced that two of its members were killed.

17 November

Hezbollah fired towards military outposts in northern Israel in which the IDF responded with attacks on the sources of Hezbollah fire. According to Syrian opposition forces, the IDF fired towards Hezbollah posts in Syria.

Hezbollah used a quadcopter drone to attack IDF forces near Metula.

18 November

An aluminum factory was struck by the IDF in Nabatieh.

Hezbollah fired a surface-to-air drone at an Israeli Hermes 450 destroying it and fired a Burkan missile into northern Israel.

19 November

The IDF identified 10 mortar shells launched towards the area of Shlomi in northern Israel which hit open areas. The IDF responded with shelling on Hezbollah targets with tanks and fighter jets and hit a cell.

20 November

The IDF base of Biranit suffered heavy damage from a Hezbollah barrage using Burkan rockets. IDF fighter jets struck numerous Hezbollah military targets, and soldiers struck a militant cell in Metula.

The historically segnificant St. George church was heavily damaged in Yaroun after it was shelled by the IDF. The house of Amal Movement MP Kabalan Kabalan was also hit with rocket fire.

Hezbollah claimed an attack on the IDF's 91st Division barracks at Baranit.

21 November

An IDF airstrike in Kafr Kila killed an elderly woman and injured her granddaughter. Another team of journalists were shelled in an IDF strike near Tayr Harfa which killed three people, including two Al Mayadeen journalists, a reporter and a photojournalist, and a guide.

Four members of the Al-Qassam Brigades were killed after an IDF strike on a car near Chaaitiyeh. A Hezbollah member was also killed in a separate attack in Khiam.

Unspecified fighters launched a one-way attack drone targeting IDF forces along the border.

22 November

Sirens were set off after the communities of Netu'a, Zar'it, and Yiftah were targeted by rockets fired from Lebanon. The IDF responded by shelling the sources of the fire. Israeli tanks also shelled a Hezbollah outpost in southern Lebanon.

Hezbollah conducted two attacks on Malikiya. Unspecified fighters fired rockets from Syria toward the occupied Golan Hights

Hezbollah told Al Jazeera that it will "respect" the temporary ceasefire deal between Israel and Hamas.

The IDF struck the village of Beit Yahoun which killed five Hezbollah members. Amongst those killed was Abbas Raad, the son of senior Hezbollah leader and MP Mohammad Raad.

23 November

In one of the largest Hezbollah barrages since the start of the fighting, between 30 and 50 rockets were fired from Lebanon at Upper Galilee, a number of which were intercepted.

24 November

The IDF intercepted a surface-to-air missile fired at its aircraft in Lebanese territory. Hezbollah claimed 23 other attacks into northern Israel.

25 November

A UNIFIL patrol unit was hit by IDF gunfire in the vicinity of Aitaroun where there were no casualties. UNIFIL condemned the incident and called on parties to be reminded "of their obligations to protect peacekeepers and avoid putting the men and women who are working to restore stability at risk."

Ceasefire

After the temporary ceasefire between Israel and Hamas on 24 November, Hezbollah stopped its military operations briefly which also prompted the IDF to stop the shelling on targets in Southern Lebanon. Many displaced civilians returned to their homes amid the calm.

28 November

An Israeli shell reportedly struck the outskirts of a town in southern Lebanon, though a spokesperson for the IDF said they were not aware of the incident.

29 November

Israeli soldiers allegedly opened fire in the vicinity of a Lebanese Army vehicle during a patrol next to a UNIFIL site near Houla. In the same region, IDF soldiers fired "bursts of machine gun fire".

30 November

The IDF intercepted an unspecified aerial object in northern Israel.

December

1 December

Hezbollah claimed five attacks into the Israel–Lebanon border. The IDF shelled Hula, killing two civilians, and the village of Jebbayn, killing an additional person. The IDF also struck a Hezbollah site and a Hezbollah cell preparing to carry out an attack near Malkia. Hezbollah announced the death of one of their members, presumably from one of the IDF strikes.

2 December

Hezbollah fired several rockets at Israeli army posts along the border. Israel responded with airstrikes and artillery shelling against Hezbollah sites. Hezbollah stated that one of its fighters were killed.

3 December

Hezbollah fired one anti-tank guided missile targeting an IDF base in Beit Hillel, injuring 11 Israelis.

Global Affairs Canada announced that a Canadian citizen was killed in Lebanon.

4 December

Several rockets fired from Lebanon at the Mount Dov area, which all landed in open areas. Another projectile was fired at Misgav Am. No injuries were reported, and the IDF responded by shelling the sources of the fire.

Hamas announced the creation of a new unit in Lebanon named the "Al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards" and called on "the youth and men of our people to join the vanguard resistance fighters and take part in shaping the future and liberating Jerusalem and the al-Aqsa Mosque." This created a negative reaction by many Lebanese politicians as they said that it would be a threat to Lebanon's sovereignty.

5 December

Israeli officials said a drone fired from Lebanon entered Israeli airspace and crashed near Margaliot. IDF sappers examined the device.

One Lebanese soldier was killed and three others were injured by an Israeli attack on a Lebanese Army base in Odaisseh. The IDF later issued an apology for the incident, saying that it would be investigated. Another civilian, who was a farm worker from Syria, was killed in an Israeli artillery attack on a poultry farm near Arnoun. Two of his family members were injured.

6 December

Israeli defense minister Yoav Gallant met with mayors and local council heads in Nahariya, northern Israel to discuss the threat of Hezbollah to northern residents. Gallant said that if diplomacy fails, Israel will use its military to force Hezbollah north of the Litani River.

Hezbollah claimed 10 attacks into Israeli territory from Lebanon.

7 December

An Israeli civilian was severely wounded by an anti-tank missile in Mattat and was later pronounced dead. The IDF returned fire and struck the location where the missile originated, and several other locations as well.

Unspecified Iranian-backed militias fired two rockets from Syria towards Buqata, Israel, in the Golan Heights.

Netanyahu said "If Hezbollah chooses to start an all-out war, then it will single-handedly turn Beirut and South Lebanon, not far from here, into Gaza and Khan Yunis."

8 December

The IDF conducted multiple strikes on unspecified Iranian-backed targets in southern Syria in retaliation for rocket strikes into the Golan Heights the day prior. Hezbollah announced that two of their members were killed in Syria.

Hezbollah and other Iranian-backed militias claimed 13 attacks into northern Israel, including a Burkan-2 rocket attack and an anti-tank guided missile attack claimed by Hezbollah.

10 December

A Hezbollah drone attack on an IDF base in Western Galilee injured six Israeli soldiers. Two of the drones sent were shot down by the Iron Dome defense system.

The IAF carried out a wave of airstrikes against Hezbollah targets in southern Lebanon. An anti-tank missile squad was also struck as it attempted to carry out an attack near Zar'it.

IAF airstrikes in Sayyidah Zaynab, Syria killed four Hezbollah fighters.

11 December

The mayor of the south Lebanon village of Taybeh was killed in an Israeli airstrike. Two other Hezbollah fighters were killed from Israeli airstrikes and artillery shelling in Aitaroun, and three civilians were injured. Other airstrikes were carried out by the IAF, destroying five houses and damaging 17 others.

Four batches of missiles fired from Lebanon towards northern Israel were intercepted by the Iron Dome defense system, while the Islamic Resistance claimed it attacked several Israeli sites. According to Israeli media, three soldiers were injured.

Hezbollah and other Iranian-backed militias attacked nine Israeli towns and military positions.

Israeli war cabinet minister and former defense minister Benny Gantz discussed security in northern Israel in a phone call with US Secretary of State Antony Blinken. Gantz said he conveyed that Hezbollah's heightened aggression and attacks mean that Israel must "remove" the threat from northern Israel. Gantz's statement singled out the Lebanese state, not just Hezbollah, and called for international pressure on Lebanon to stop attacks on its southern border.

14 December

The IDF struck several targets in southern Lebanon including mosques and civilian homes. It was reported that one house was struck by an Israeli drone in Aita al-Shaab and another one in Mays al-Jabal.

Hezbollah said it struck the IDF's Yiftah and Shomera Barracks in northern Israel and claimed that the attacks resulted in casualties.

15 December

The Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon announced the death of one member of their military wing, the Eagles of the Whirlwind. The IDF said that one in five rockets launched by Hezbollah had landed in Lebanese territory and published an infographic showing failed rocket launches into Israel.

16 December

A soldier from the IDF's 129th Battalion was killed by a Hezbollah drone strike near Margaliot, which also caused a fire in a building. Two other soldiers were injured. Another drone was shot down by the IDF, which also responded to the infiltrations by shelling targets. The IAF later hit several Hezbollah targets inside Lebanon, including rocket launch sites and military infrastructure. Hezbollah announced that one of its members was killed.

17 December

The IDF hit a number of launch sites and Hezbollah facilities in response to attacks from the latter.

18 December

Hezbollah attacked Israeli forces near Hanita and fired rockets targeting Kiryat Shmona in retaliation for an IDF strike near the funeral of one of their members. Unspecified fighters carried out four rocket attacks including an anti-tank guided missile attack and launched one drone into northern Israel.

19 December

An IDF drone targeted a civilian riding his motorbike in Rab El Thalathine instantly killing him.

Israeli bombings killed three Hezbollah fighters and wounded a displaced Syrian refugee. The bombings destroyed five houses and damaged another 19.

Hezbollah claimed it destroyed a Merkava tank and killed its crew in a series of attacks on Israeli sites.

20 December

Hezbollah announced the deaths of two of its members in clashes with the IDF in Blida and Ayta al-Jabal.

21 December

An elderly woman was killed and her husband was injured in an Israeli airstrike in southern Lebanon.

Two Israeli civilians were wounded by Hezbollah rocket attacks in Dovev. A vehicle in moshav Avivim was hit by an anti-tank missile.

22 December

The IDF announced that a soldier of the 188th Armored Brigade was killed and another was seriously wounded by a Hezbollah rocket attack in the Shtula area.

23 December

In the morning IDF aircraft bombed a house in Kfar Kila and intense artillery fire also took place on the outskirts of Deir Mimas. The Israeli army conducted a raid near a UNIFL center along the Khardali river.

An Al-Manar cameraman was injured in the eye after an IDF attack on a road in the al-Khardali area where correspondents of MTV and the state-owned National News Agency were also passing.

Hezbollah announced that two of their members were killed.

Casualties and damages

Lebanon

The olive trade in southern Lebanon, which is the main source of income for many, was halted as farmers stopped their harvests in fear of the active shelling. According to the Agriculture Minister Abbas Hajj Hassan, 40,000 olive trees were burned down by fires caused by IDF shelling.

The Institute of International Finance predicted that Lebanon's GDP could decline by one percent by the end of the year and by 30 percent in 2024 in the event of further spillover of the war.

Numerous towns inhabited by Christians in southern Lebanon have been targeted the most by IDF, drawing the population out. There have been claims that Hezbollah intentionally draws fire to the Christian areas. Christians in the town of Rmaich clashed with Hezbollah due to the organization's attempts to establish military infrastructure in the town.

The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs reported that 58,800 Lebanese were displaced from their homes. As of 5 December, the Ministry of Public Health reported 406 people wounded.

An Israeli artillery strike on 13 October killed Reuters videographer Issam Abdallah and injured six other journalists from Reuters, Agence France-Presse and Al Jazeera. Two other journalists from Al Mayadeen were also killed.

At least 140 militants were killed. 122 Hezbollah members, including at least 10 in Syria, 16 Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad members, 1 Amal Movement member and one SSNP member. One Lebanese army soldier was killed and three others were injured.

Israel

At least 65,000 civilians were displaced in a mass evacuation from northern Israel. Three Israeli civilians were killed. On 5 November, two Israeli civilians were killed. One was killed when anti-tank missiles hit the Yiftah kibbutz and another in Kiryat Shmona. On 23 November, in Hezbollah's deadliest attack since the start of the clashes, Hezbollah anti-tank missile and mortar attacks killed an employee of the Israel Electric Corporation who was conducting repair work and injured 21 other Israelis, including seven IDF soldiers and six of the fatality's colleagues.

War crimes

Killing of civilians

On 5 November, an Israeli airstrike hit a car near Ainata, Lebanon, killing three children and their grandmother, and injuring their mother. The Israeli military admitted to striking the vehicle. Human Rights Watch stated that their killings should be investigated as an apparent war crime. Najib Mikati, Lebanon's caretaker prime minister, called the attack a "heinous crime" and said that Lebanon would file a complaint to the U.N. Security Council.

The elimination of the state of Israel has been a primary goal for Hezbollah. Hezbollah not only opposes the government and policies of the State of Israel, but also each and every Jewish civilian who lives in Israel. According to Joseph Alagha, Hezbollah "only regards the Jews living in Israel as Zionists, who should be killed".

IDF targeting of journalists

Шаблон:Main articles According to the Council of Europe, the intentional targeting of journalists constitutes a war crime. During the conflict, Reporters Without Borders claimed that the Israeli army had deliberately targeted journalists. A Reporters Without Borders (RSF) investigation said that Israel had targeted journalists in missile strikes on 13 October that killed Reuters reporter Issam Abdallah and injured four others. These two Israeli missile strikes, 30 seconds apart, hit a group of seven journalists in southern Lebanon who were reporting on the fighting between Israel and Hezbollah. In a video, the journalists are seen wearing vests and helmets identifying them as "PRESS". The marking was also present on the roof of their car, which exploded after being hit by the second missile.

The Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, which tests and analyses munitions and weapons, assisted Reuters by examining the material collected at the site of the explosion and found that the piece of metal was the fin of a 120 mm tank round fired 1.34 km away from the border fired from a smoothbore tank gun.

Hezbollah's use of human shields

The IDF claims that Hezbollah's weapons and militants are "systematically embedded in civilian areas".

There have also been claims that Hezbollah intentionally draws fire to Christian areas in southern Lebanon. Christians in the town of Rmaich clashed with Hezbollah due to the organization's attempts to establish military infrastructure in the town. The residents also wrote a complaint letter. A Lebanese Christian from the town of Ain Ebel saw Hezbollah fighters setting up a launcher on his rooftop. After pleading with them, he fled his home with his family and his house was bombed minutes later by IDF airstrike.

On 16 October, 20 rocket launchers were discovered by the Lebanese army in the town of Qlaiaa which have been suspected to be a part of Hezbollah infrastructure. Four reportedly had rockets inside of them and were ready to be fired. They were immediately dismantled by the Lebanese army.

After an attack which killed a Lebanese Army soldier and injured three, the Alma research and education center said that the incident occurred in an area where Hezbollah conducts military operations and designates as a military zone and that Hezbollah has been using this region to launch mortars and rockets and conduct observations towards Israel. The IDF accuses Hezbollah of intentionally placing its activities near Lebanese Army Forces (LAF) posts, using the LAF troops as human shields. Alma also suggests collaboration between some LAF soldiers and Hezbollah, particularly among Shiite soldiers, who make up about 45 percent of the LAF. Alma also released satellite evidence showing Hezbollah military zones operating next to UNIFIL centers and schools.

IDF's use of white phosphorus

On 31 October, after an investigation, Amnesty International stated that an October 16 Israeli white phosphorus attack was indiscriminate, unlawful, and "must be investigated as a war crime", due to its use on the populated Lebanese town of Dhayra, which injured at least nine civilians. On 2 November, Amnesty International stated its investigations into four incidents on October 10, 11, 16 and 17 showed Israel had used white phosphorus munitions. The claim was confirmed by the Washington Post, which identified two white phosphorus shell casings made in the USA. In Lebanon, Israel's white phosphorus bombs have destroyed over 4.5 million square meters of forest in southern Lebanon with the economic loses being valued at nearly 20 million dollars.

Reactions

Файл:Secretary Blinken Meets With Lebanese Caretaker Prime Minister Najib Mikati (53309169850).jpg

Secretary Blinken meets with Lebanese Caretaker Prime Minister Najib Mikati in Amman, Jordan.

As a result of the fighting, Swiss International Air Lines and Lufthansa suspended flights to Beirut, while Lebanon's flag carrier Middle East Airlines relocated five of its 24 aircraft to Istanbul as a precaution. Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom advised against travelling to Lebanon, whilst the British embassy withdrew family members of its staff.

On 4 November, United States Secretary of State Anthony Blinken thanked prime minister Najib Mikati during a meeting in Amman "in preventing Lebanon from being pulled into a war that the Lebanese people do not want".

French Armed Forces Minister Sébastien Lecornu announced that France would donate dozens of armoured vehicles to the Lebanese military to help it carry out patrol missions.

U.S. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin expressed concern about Israel's role in ongoing tensions with Lebanon.

Lebanon

After the Al-Ahli Arab Hospital explosion in Gaza, pro-Palestinian protestors took part in riots in the towns of Dbayeh and Aoukar. Businesses were vandalized and torched.

On 6 November, in response to the killing of four civilians in southern Lebanon, Prime Minister Najib Mikati announced that his government would submit an urgent complaint to the UN Security Council against Israel saying that its "targeting of civilians in its aggression against Lebanon" was a "heinous crime".

Opposition to Hezbollah

As tensions heightened on 8 October near the Lebanese border, former prime minister Fouad Siniora stressed that Lebanon should not be involved "in any hostilities with the Israeli enemy".

Between 7–9 October, many politicians of long established Christian parties in Lebanon took a stance against Hezbollah's involvement as well. Pierre Bou Assi, a member of the Lebanese Forces' Strong Republic bloc highlighted the kidnapping of two IDF soldiers which led to the 2006 Lebanon war saying, "Hassan Nasrallah promised, in early July, that the summer would be quiet and thriving—but a few days later, Hezbollah kidnapped two Israeli soldiers and the July war broke out". The Kataeb Party took a similar stance and condemned the use of Lebanese territory by non-state actors for launching attacks on Israel.

Other incidents

On 8 November 2023, two men were arrested by Brazilian police in São Paulo following a warning from the Mossad that Hezbollah was planning an attack against the country's Jewish community. Searches were also conducted in Brasilia and Minas Gerais in connection with the alleged plot.

Humanitarian response

The Lebanon Humanitarian Fund launched its reserve allocation that includes up to 4 million dollars to support its partners to help aid those who have been displaced or still in conflict zones.

See also

• List of projectile attacks from Lebanon on Israel and the Golan Heights
• Outline of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war
• Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon