Английская Википедия:2024 Pakistani general election

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General elections are scheduled to be held in Pakistan on 8 February 2024 to elect the members of the 16th National Assembly. The detailed schedule was announced by Election Commission of Pakistan on 15 December 2023.

The two major parties are Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML(N)), led by former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif and Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP), led by former Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari.

Background

2018 elections

General elections were held in Pakistan on Wednesday 25 July 2018 after the completion of a five-year term by the outgoing government. At the national level, elections were held in 272 constituencies, each electing one member to the National Assembly. At the provincial level, elections were held in each of the four provinces to elect Members of the Provincial Assemblies (MPA).

As a result of the elections, the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) became the single largest party at the national level both in terms of both popular vote and seats. At the provincial level, the PTI remained the largest party in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP); the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) remained the largest party in Sindh and the newly-formed Balochistan Awami Party (BAP) became the largest party in Balochistan. In Punjab, a hung parliament prevailed with Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) emerging as the largest party in terms of directly elected seats by a narrow margin. However, following the joining of many independent MPAs into the PTI, the latter became the largest party and was able to form the government.

Opinion polling prior to campaigning had initially shown leads for the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) over the PTI. However, from an 11-point lead, the PML-N's lead began to diminish in the final weeks of the campaign, with some polls close to the election showing PTI with a marginal but increasing lead. In the final result, the PTI made a net gain with 31.82% of the vote (its highest share of the vote since its foundation), while the PML-N made a net loss with 24.35%. In the lead-up to the elections, there had been allegations by some pre-poll rigging being conducted by the judiciary, the military and the intelligence agencies to sway the election results in favour of the PTI and against the PML-N. The opposition to the winning parliamentary party alleged large-scale vote rigging and administrative malpractices. However, Reuters polling suggested PML-N's lead had narrowed in the run-up to the elections, and that the party had suffered "blow after blow" which caused setbacks to any hopes of re-election. Some had termed the ruling PML-N "embattled... facing a number of desertion and corruption charges". Imran Khan proceeded to form the coalition government, announcing his cabinet soon after. The newly formed coalition government included members of the Muttahida Qaumi Movement and Pakistan Muslim League (Q).

Regarding the voting process, the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) outrightly rejected reports of rigging and stated that the elections were conducted fair and free. A top electoral watchdog, Free and Fair Election Network (FAFEN), also said that the 2018 general elections in Pakistan had been "more transparent in some aspects" than the previous polls. In its preliminary report, the European Union Election Observation Mission said that no rigging had been observed during the election day in general, but found a "lack of equality" and criticized the process more than it had in the Pakistani election of 2013.

2022 constitutional crisis

Шаблон:Main On 8 March 2022, the opposition parties submitted a motion of no confidence against Khan to the National Assembly's secretariat. On 27 March 2022, Khan waved a diplomatic cypher from US in the public, claiming that it demands to remove Khan's government in a coup. Though, later he changed his stance about the US conspiracy against his government. On 1 April 2022, Prime Minister Khan announced that in context of the no-confidence motion against him in the National Assembly, the three options were discussed with "establishment" to choose from viz: "resignation, no-confidence [vote] or elections". On 3 April 2022, President Arif Alvi dissolved the National Assembly of Pakistan on Khan's advice, after the Deputy Speaker of the National Assembly rejected and set-aside the motion of no confidence; this move would have required elections to the National Assembly to be held within 90 days. On 10 April, after a Supreme Court ruling that the no-confidence motion was illegally rejected, a no-confidence vote was conducted and he was ousted from office, becoming the first prime minister in Pakistan to be removed from office by a vote of no confidence. Khan claimed the US was behind his removal because he conducted an independent foreign policy and had friendly relations with China and Russia. His removal led to protests from his supporters across Pakistan.

Schedule controversy

The general elections were supposed to be held in Pakistan less than 90 days after the dissolution of the National Assembly, which was prematurely dissolved on 10 August 2023 by President Arif Alvi on the advice of the Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. This meant that the election must be held not later than 8 November 2023. However, on 5 August 2023, the results of the 2023 digital census were approved by the Council of Common Interests headed by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif. Therefore, elections were to be delayed to February 2024 at the latest, as announced by the Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP). However, on 13 September 2023, President Alvi proposed 6 November 2023 as a date to the ECP and advised it to seek guidance from the Supreme Court for the announcement of the election date. On 2 November 2023, the ECP and the President agreed on 8 February 2024 as the date for the general election.

Schedule

The schedule of the election was announced by the Election Commission of Pakistan on 15 December 2023.

Sr no	Poll Event	Schedule
1	Public Notice Issued by the Returning Officers	19 December 2023
2	Dates of filing Nomination papers with the Returning Officers by the candidates	20 December 2023 to 24 December 2023
3	Publication of names of the nominated candidates.	24 December 2023
4	Last date of scrutiny of nomination papers by the Returning Officer	25 December 2023 to 30 December 2023
5	Last date of filing appeals against decisions of the Returning Officer rejecting/accepting nomination papers.	3 January 2024
6	Last date for deciding of appeals by the Appellate Tribunal	10 January 2024
7	Publication of revised list of candidates	11 January 2024
8	Last date of withdrawal of candidature and publication of revised list of candidates	12 January 2024
9	Allotment of election symbol to contesting candidates	13 January 2024
10	Date of Polling and Counting of Votes	8 February 2024

Electoral system

The 336 members of the National Assembly consist of 266 general seats elected by first-past-the-post voting in single-member constituencies, 60 seats reserved for women elected by proportional representation based on the number of general seats won by each party in each province, and ten seats reserved for non-Muslims elected through proportional representation based on the number of overall general seats won by each party.

The government had passed a bill that required the next general elections to be held using EVMs (electronic voting machines). This was aimed at bringing an end to the allegations of rigging that have plagued previous elections in Pakistan, but the opposition's opinion was that it would make it extremely easy for PTI to rig the elections in their favour through security loopholes. In 2022 when the PTI-led government was ousted through a successful vote of no-confidence in the National Assembly, the 11 opposition parties, some of them being long-time rivals, formed a new government and passed the Elections Amendment Bill, which nullified the use of EVMs in the next general elections. Hence, EVMs will not be used in next general elections.

Timeline

In July 2023 the ECP invited political parties to submit applications for the allocation of electoral symbols.

As of 25 July 2023, the total number of registered voters in Pakistan stood around 127 million as compared to 106 million (including 59.22 million men and 46.73 million women voters) in 2018, according to the data released by the ECP. According to the figures, the number of eligible female voters stood at 58.5 million (around 46 percent of the total registered voters) while the number of eligible male voters was 68.5 million (about 54 percent of the total voters).

In late September the ECP announced that the citizens over 18 can update their voter details until 25 October 2023. The ECP decided to “unfreeze” the electoral rolls to allow registered voters to rectify or update their details.

On 2 November 2023, President Arif Alvi and the ECP came to an agreement on holding general elections on 8 February, after a meeting was held in Aiwan-i-Sadr on the orders of the Supreme Court of Pakistan (SCP). The SCP had instructed the ECP to consult with the President on the poll date.

Parties

Шаблон:Further The table below lists each party that either received a share of the vote higher than 0.5% in the 2018 Pakistan general election or had representation in the 15th National Assembly of Pakistan. Political parties are ordered by their vote share in the 2018 elections. Independent Candidates bagged 11.46% of the vote and 13 national assembly seats (both general seats and total seats in the 15th National Assembly, as reserved seats for women and minorities, are given to political parties) in 2018.

Name			Claimed ideology(ies)	Leader	Voteshare in 2018	General seats won in 2018	Seats before election
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	PTI	Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf Шаблон:Small	Populism Islamic democracy Welfarism Anti-corruption Civic nationalism	Imran Khan	31.82%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	PML(N)	Pakistan Muslim League (Nawaz) Шаблон:Small	Conservatism Economic liberalism Federalism	Nawaz Sharif	24.35%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	PPP	Pakistan Peoples Party Шаблон:Small	Social democracy Islamic democracy Progressivism Third Way	Bilawal Bhutto Zardari	13.03%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	JUI-F	Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (Fazl) Шаблон:Small	Islamism Conservatism	Fazl-ur-Rahman	4.85%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	JI	Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan Шаблон:Small	Islamism Social conservatism	Siraj-ul-Haq		Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	MQM(P)	Muttahida Qaumi Movement – Pakistan Шаблон:Small	Liberalism Social liberalism Social democracy Muhajir nationalism Secularism	Khalid Maqbool Siddiqui	1.38%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	TLP	Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan Шаблон:Small	Islamism	Saad Hussain Rizvi	4.21%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	GDA	Grand Democratic Alliance Шаблон:Small	Regionalism	Pir of Pagaro VIII	2.37%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	ANP	Awami National Party Шаблон:Small	Pashtun nationalism Democratic socialism Secularism	Asfandyar Wali Khan	1.54%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	PML(Q)	Шаблон:Nowrap	Conservatism Pakistani nationalism	Shujaat Hussain	0.97%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	BAP	Шаблон:Nowrap	Federalism Islamic democracy	Khalid Hussain Magsi	0.60%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	BNP(M)	Шаблон:Nowrap	Baloch nationalism Democratic socialism Secularism	Akhtar Mengal	0.45%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	AML	Awami Muslim League Pakistan Шаблон:Small	Islamism Populism	Shaikh Rasheed Ahmad	0.22%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar
style="background:Шаблон:Party color;"|	JWP	Jamhoori Wattan Party Шаблон:Small	Baloch nationalism	Shahzain Bugti	0.04%	Шаблон:Composition bar	Шаблон:Composition bar

Opinion polls

In the run up to the 2023 Pakistani general elections, various organisations have been carrying out opinion polling to gauge voting intention throughout Pakistan and the approval rating of the civilian Pakistani government, led by Imran Khan's Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf. The results of such polls are displayed in this section. The date range for these opinion polls are from the previous general election, held on 25 July 2018, to the present day.

In August 2023, the ECP imposed a total ban on entrance and exit polls including those on official digital media accounts of electronic and print media outlets.

See also

• 2024 Pakistani provincial elections
• 2024 Punjab provincial election
• 2024 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provincial election
• 2024 Sindh provincial election
• 2024 Balochistan provincial election
• 2024 Pakistani presidential election